individual and family nutrition test 4 - msstate

During the last two trimesters of pregnancy, about how many extra Calories per day does a woman need over her pre-pregnancy intake?

350 to 450 kcal/day

a low-birth-weight infant is one who weighs less than about how many pounds?

5.5

the american academy of pediatrics (AAP) recommends the intake of fruit juice be limited to a maximum of how many fluid ounces per day for children 1 to 6 years of age?

6

Which of the following statements about food system labor is true?

A majority of contingent farm workers in the United States live below the poverty line.

Which of the following events occurs with normal aging? a. Absorption of vitamin B12 from foods in the gastrointestinal tract is reduced. b. A reduced sense of smell contributes to dysgeusia, which together make food less appealing. c. Muscle mass decreases. d. All of the above occur with normal aging.

All of the above occur with normal aging.

Which of the following statements about food insecurity is true?

Between 1990-92 and 2014-16, the share of undernourished people worldwide fell by nearly 45%.

Which of the following statements about the Green Revolution is true?

It has dramatically increased food security throughout South America, Asia, and Africa

which of the following individuals would NOT be eligible to receive the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits?

James, a seven-year-old child

Which of the following is a valid recommendation for reducing symptoms of morning sickness?

Keep dry cereal or crackers at the bedside to ease nighttime and morning nausea.

Which of the following statements about maternal nutrition is true?

Lactating women need more Calories than pregnant women.

Which of the following statements about pediatric obesity is true? a. Fewer than 10% of U.S. children and adolescents are obese. b. To control energy intake, parents should encourage obese children to skip breakfast. c. Among adolescents, cigarette smoking increases the risk for obesity. d. None of the above is true

None of the above is true.

Which of the following statements about the food industry is true?

The U.S. food industry produces about twice as many Calories per capita per year than Americans require.

The majority of foodborne microorganisms reproduce most successfully

between 40°F and 140°F.

the accumulation of high levels of mercury in large predatory fish is a result of

biomagnification

The RDA for calcium is 1,300 mg for which of the following groups?

both boys and girls, age 9 to 18

The most common reason that crops in the United States are genetically modified is to

confer tolerance to herbicides

T/F - A pregnant woman needs to consume twice as many Calories as she did prior to the pregnancy.

false

T/F - A toddler who does not readily accept a new food after being given it for a second time will probably never like it.

false

T/F - Adolescents experience an average 10% to 15% increase in height during the years of puberty.

false

T/F - Each year, about 1 million Americans are sickened as a result of eating food contaminated with germs or their toxins.

false

T/F - Freezing destroys any microorganisms that might be lurking in your food.

false

T/F - In the United States, as compared to workers in other industries, a farm worker has nearly twice the risk of dying from an on-the-job injury.

false

T/F - Methane, a greenhouse gas emitted during livestock production, has almost double the atmospheric warming effect of carbon dioxide.

false

T/F - Most infants begin to require solid foods by about 3 months (12 weeks) of age.

false

True or false? If gestational diabetes is uncontrolled, the fetus may not receive enough glucose and may be born small for gestational age.

false

True or false? Mortality rates are higher in the underweight elderly than in the overweight elderly.

false

True or false? Adults over age 65 years are at greatest risk for food insecurity in the United States.

fasle

A key reason that foodborne illness has become a serious public health concern in the United States is that...

federal oversight of food safety is fragmented among 15 different agencies.

inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with spinal cord defects in the fetus?

folate

what is the term for a situation in which people have unreliable access to sufficient nourishing food?

food insecurity

which of the following is associated with behavioral and learning problems in school-aged children?

hunger

which of the following is NOT one of the body's protective responses after encountering foodborne microbes?

increased blood glucose levels

Which of the following micronutrients should be added to the diet of breast-fed infants when they are around 6 months of age?

iron

the body's need for which of the following micronutrients decreases with age?

iron

the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world is

iron

Which of the following is most likely to be deficient in the diet of a vegetarian toddler?

iron and zinc

which sequence below is BEST describes the vicious cycle of malnutrition?

malnutrition, infection, worsening malnutrition, increased vulnerability to infections

during pregnancy, women should avoid consuming large, predatory types of fish and consume no more than 12 oz per week of other types of fish to avoid what kind of contamination?

mercury

A food preservation technique in which the oxygen in a food is replaced with an inert gas is

modified atmosphere packaging

Folate deficiency in the first weeks after conception has been linked with which of the following problems in the newborn?

neural tube defects

After 6 months of age, it is safe and healthful to give infants a. non-fat milk. b. cheese stick or chunks of cheese. c. honey. d. none of the above.

none of the above.

which of the following is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the united states?

norovirus

Among the top microorganisms implicated in foodborne illness,

norovirus is responsible for the greatest number of illnesses.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the letdown response?

oxytocin

research into the fetal origins of adult disease suggests that

prenatal exposure to famine affects the health of the offspring as well as the health of their children

which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages?

shift in body fat storage from visceral to subcutaneous tissues

Food additives that have raised health concerns include

sulfites and nitrites.

Of the following federal programs, which provides food assistance to low-income individuals of all ages?

the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

An adolescent continues to grow in height until

the epiphyseal plates close.

who is responsible for determining the safety and efficacy of any dietary supplement?

the manufacturer of the supplement

Among older adults

the prevalence of obesity declines after age 75.

Residues from heavy metals, plasticizers, dioxins, PFASs, and certain pesticides pose a threat to public health mainly because

they can act as neurotoxins, carcinogens, or endocrine disruptors.

embryonic/fetal demand for iron is highest during the

third trimester

T/F - Because of insufficient money or other resources, people in more than 5% of U.S. households go without food.

true

T/F - Breast-fed infants tend to have fewer infections and allergies than formula-fed infants.

true

T/F - In the United States, the primary reason that crops are genetically modified is to increase their tolerance to weed killers.

true

T/F - Participating in regular physical activity can delay or reduce some of the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging.

true

True or false? A bacterium that commonly contaminates deli meats, smoked fish, and soft cheeses is Listeria monocytogenes.

true

True or false? Crop rotation and terracing are farming methods used in sustainable agriculture.

true

True or false? In the United States, farms certified as organic are allowed to use pesticides under certain conditions.

true

True or false? Major developmental errors and birth defects are most likely to occur in the first trimester of pregnancy.

true

True or false? The blackberries on your morning cereal could have been harvested by a 12-year-old.

true

True or false? The food choice patterns of children are heavily influenced by the food choices of their parents.

true

The leading cause of longstanding hunger in a region is

unequal distribution of food, largely because of poverty.

During a 4th of July barbecue on a hot afternoon, a family enjoys grilled fish, potato salad, and coleslaw. Leftovers of these foods should be safe to eat later on as long as they are brought back indoors and refrigerated

within a maximum of 1 hour after serving.

Which of the following breakfasts would be most appropriate to serve a 20-month-old child?

1/2 cup of iron-fortified cooked oat cereal, 2 tbsp. of mashed pineapple, and 1 cup of whole milk

the average life expectancy of the poorest Americans is

10 to 15 years shorter than the average life expectancy of the wealthiest Americans

Which of the following statements about breast milk is true?

Certain proteins in breast milk help protect the newborn from infection.

Which of the following statements about the nutrient needs of preschool and school-age children is true?

Children require a diet providing between 25% to 35% of total energy as fat.

which of the following falls within the "danger zone" of foodborne illnesses?

a frozen turkey thawing at room temp

Which of the following purchases would optimally support food equity, sustainability, and quality?

a pint of strawberries you pick yourself at an organic farm

a stroke or Parkinson's disease can impair the nutritional status of older adults by causing

dysphadia