Insolation and Seasons TEST
In New York State, the risk of sunburn is greatest between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. on summer days because
Angle of insolation is high
Why does the location of a shadow change ?
Earth's rotation
Latitude and average temp-
Indirect
Shadows on December 21st in the Northern Hemisphere - Shadow a sunset will point ______
North East
On June 21, where does the sun rise? Set?
North of East North of West
In NY at solar noon, what season would have the shortest shadow?
Summer
During what time(s) of day is a shadow greatest?
Sunrise and Sunset
Insolation
The incoming solar radiation.
Intensity of Isolation
The strength of the incoming solar radiation
23.5 degrees
The tilt of the Earth's axis
North of West
Where the sun appears to set for an observer in NY on June 21st.
Zenith
the point directly overhead. Also a 90 degrees overhead
At 40 N latitude, how many days a year is the sun directly overhead at noon
0
On the equinoxes everyone has __ hours of daylight and ____ hours of darkness
12
How many hours of daylight do we have in NYS on Sept. 21st?
12 hours
How many hours of sunlight occurs at the equator on Dec. 21st?
12 hours
How many hours of daylight are there at the equator
12 hrs
How many hours of daylight do we have in NYS on March 21st?
12 hours
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is.
What is the tilt of Earth's rotational axis relative to a line perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit?
23.5
If the tilt of Earth's axis were increased from _____° to 40, summers in New York State would become
23.5 warmer, and winters would become cooler
At which latitude is the Sun directly overhead on certain days of the year? *
23.5`
On December 21st any location north of the Arctic Circle would experience
24 hours of darkness
On December 21st any location south of the Antarctic Circle would experience *
24 hrs of daylight
On June 21st any location north of the Arctic Circle would experience
24 hrs of daylight
In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the warmest temperature of the day usually occurs at
2pm
On the equinox the sun rises at _______ am and sets at ______ pm
6
How many hours occured between sunrise and solar noon on Sept. 23rd?
6 hours
At what degree is the intensity of insolation the greatest?
90 degrees
The highest angle of insolation an area can experience is *
90 degrees
Equation for angle of Insolation for Mar. / Sept. 21=
90-your latitude
Direction of the sun at solar noon : North Pole, December 21st
Below the horizon
Greenhouse Gases
Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. They absorb infrared radiation from the Earth.
Tilt of Earth and revolution around the sun
Causes the seasonal changes on Earth
How to find the sun's maximum altitude for December and June 21st
DEC: March/Sept 21st Maxium Alitude - 23.5 JUN: March/Sept 21st Maxium Alitude + 23.5
The number of daylight hours increases in New York from ________ (date) to ____
Dec to Jun 21st
Altitude of the sun at solar noon in the equator on Dec and Jun.21st?
Dec-66.5 S Jun-66.5 N
In NYS, which month has the lowest altitude of the sun at noon?
December
On this date an observer in NY (maybe even you) would experience the shortest amount of daylight hours. *
December 21st
On this date the North Pole would experience 24 hours of darkness. *
December 21st
On this date the South Pole would experience 24 hours of daylight. *
December 21st
What happens to the angle of insolation in NY from June 21st to December 21st?
Decreases
What happens to the duration of insolation in NY from June 21st to December 21st?
Decreases
What happens to the intensity of insolation in NY from June 21st to December 21st?
Decreases
the general relationship between the altitude of the noontime Sun and the intensity of insolation received at a location
Direct
On March 21, where does the sun rise? Set?
Due East Due West
On Sept. 21, where does the sun rise? Set?
Due East Due West
This location has the least variation in the intensity and duration of insolation.
Equator
Which location receives 90 degree angle rays on Mar. 21st?
Equator (0)
Which location receives 90 degree angle rays on Sept. 21st?
Equator (0)
Why is Florida hotter than New York?
Florida has a higher angle of insolation
South Pole
Has 24 hours of daylight on December 21st and 24 hours of darkness on June 21st.
North Pole
Has 24 hours of daylight on June 21st and 24 hours of darkness on December 21st.
Latitude
Has the most influence on the number of daylight hours and the angle of insolation.
Land
Heats up faster because it has a lower specific heat.
Water
Heats up slower because it has a high specific heat.
What happens to the angle of insolation in NY from December 21st to June 21st
Increases
What happens to the duration of insolation in NY from December 21st to June 21st
Increases
What happens to the intensity of insolation in NY from December 21st to June 21st
Increases
Angle of Insolation and Latitude
Indirect
On average the warmest month in the Southern Hemisphere is ..
Jan/Feb
On average the coldest month in the Northern Hemisphere is ..
Jan/February
On what date will an observer in NYS see the sun rise NORTH of East and set NORTH of west
JuNE (north east) 21st
On average the coldest month in the Southern Hemisphere is ..
July/August
On average the warmest month in the Northern Hemisphere is ..
July/August
During what month does the Sun appear to rise farthest north of due east for an observer in New York State?
June
On this date the North Pole would experience 24 hours of daylight.
June 21
On which day of the year does the Sun reach the greatest altitude at solar noon in New York City? *
June 21
On this date an observer in NY (maybe even you) would experience the longest amount of daylight hours. *
June 21st
On this date the South Pole would experience 24 hours of darkness. *
June 21st
In NY, the coldest temperatures occur in... Why?
Late Jan Early Feb The Earth is still losing more heat energy than it is gaining
In NY, the warmest temperatures occur in... Why?
Late July Early August The Earth is still gaining more heat energy than it is losing
_______ and _____ determine the number of daylight hours
Latitude and Season
In New York City, on December 21st, will there be more than or less than 12 hours of daylight
Less than
How many hours of daylight do we have in NYS on Dec. 21st?
Less than 12 hours (~9 hours)
In New York State, the number of hours of daylight each day increases continuously from
March 1 to May 1
To a person located at 43 N latitude the sun appears to rise due east on
March 21st
Between which dates is the Sun's vertical ray moving from the equator ____________ to the Tropic of Cancer?
March 21st and Jun 21st Northwards
An equinox occurs on
March/ September 21st
What would happen if we increased our tilt on the axis?
More dramatic seasons
How many hours of daylight do we have in NYS on June 21st?
More than 12 hours (~15 hrs)
Visible light
Most of the insolation striking the surface of the Earth is in this wavelength.
When does the Sun reach the zenith in NY ?
Never
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Equator, June 21st
North
Direction of the sun at solar noon : South Pole, December 21st
North
Direction of the sun at solar noon : South Pole, March/Sept. 21st
North
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Tropic of Capricorn, March/Sept. 21st
North
What direction do observers in Australia look to see the Sun?
North
On December 21st which hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun? *
Northern
The Artic Circle is in the _________ Hemisphere
Northern
Summer Solstice
Occurs on June 21st in the Northern Hemisphere and December 21st in the Southern Hemisphere.
Winter Solstice
Occurs on June 21st in the Southern Hemisphere and December 21st in the Northern Hemisphere.
What causes the Sun's path to change through the year?
Revolution and Earth's tilt
The highest angle of insolation is at what time of day
Solar Noon
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Equator, December 21st
South
Direction of the sun at solar noon : North Pole, June 21st
South
Direction of the sun at solar noon : North Pole, March/Sept. 21st
South
In which compass direction would an observer in NY have to look to see the noontime sun?
South
What direction do observers in NYS look to see the Sun?
South
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Tropic of Cancer, March/Sept. 21st
South (at the equator)
On December 21, where does the sun rise? Set?
South of east South of west
The Antartic Circle is in the _________ Hemisphere
Southern
Why is insolation 0 cal/cm2/min from October through February at 90º N?
The Sun is continually below the horizon during that time.
Why are the times of sunrise and sunset for Mar. and Sept. 21 nearly the same at each location?
The Sun is directly above the equator on these days
Why does the length of a shadow vary from month to month?
The Sun's apparent path varies with the seasons.
Why is less insolation received at the equator in June than in March or Sept. 21st?
The Sun's vertical rays are north of the equator in June
Why is less insolation received at the equator in June than in March or September?
The Sun's vertical rays are north of the equator in June.
Over the period of one year, which location would probably have the greatest average intensity of insolation per unit area?
The Tropics
Duration
The amount of time the sunlight is striking the surface of the Earth.
Angle of Insolation
The angle at which the sun's rays strike the earths surface
Why are surface temps at 43 N higher than at 66 N on June 21st?
The angle of insolation is greater
The Tropics
The area of Earth where the sun gets to be at the zenith. Temperatures are generally warm because the angle of insolation is always high.
90 degree angle of insolation
The highest angle of insolation. It is when the sun is directly overhead or at the zenith (perpendicular rays).
Why is New York warmer in may than in feburary ?
The insolation is greater in May
Which statement compares the intensity and angle of insolation at noon on Dec 21 and Mar 21?
The intensity and angle of insolation are greatest on Mar. 21.
March 21st/September 21st
The sun's rays are directly overhead at the Equator.
June 21st
The sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer.
December 21st
The sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn.
Solar noon
The time of the day when the sun is at its highest point it will be all day.
How to find how many degrees the sun has moved across the sky?
Time Difference times 15 (Earth's rate of rotation)
What latitude on Earth will an observer see the noon time sun located at the zenith on December 21st
Tropic of Cancer
Which location receives 90 degree angle rays on June 21st?
Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N)
On June 21st, which latitude will receive the highest intensity of insolation
Tropic of Cancer (NH)
Which location receives 90 degree angle rays on December 21st?
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S)
If Earth had no tilt on it's axis, what would happen?
We would have no seasons
Late July/Early August
When the Northern Hemisphere usually records its highest temperatures.
Late January/Early February
When the Northern Hemisphere usually records its lowest temperatures.
Why are the seasons opposite in the Southern Hemispheres?
When we are titlted towards the sun, they are tilted away from it
South of East
Where the sun appears to rise for an observer in NY on December 21st.
North of East
Where the sun appears to rise for an observer in NY on June 21st.
Due East
Where the sun appears to rise for an observer in NY on March 21st/September 21st.
South of West
Where the sun appears to set for an observer in NY on December 21st.
Due West
Where the sun appears to set for an observer in NY on March 21st/September 21st.
During which season in the Southern and Norther (they will differ) Hemisphere is Earth at aphelion?
Winter - Southern Hemisphere Summer - Northern Hemisphere
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Equator, March/ September 21st
Zenith
As amount of insolation increases, altitude..
altitude increases
As intensity decreases, angle of insolation
angle of insolation decreases
As temperature increases, angle of insolation
angle of insolation increases
Direction of the sun at solar noon : South Pole, June 21st
below the horizon
After June 21st, the duration of insolation will ______ in New York State
decrease
From Sept. to Dec. 21st, the angle of insolation will
decrease
From Sept. to Dec. 21st, the duration of insolation will
decrease
As duration of insolation increases, angle of insolation ?
decreases
As latitude increases, angle of insolation
decreases
During an equinox, as latitude increases from the equator, the angle of insolation
decreases
What happens to your angle of insolation between solar noon and sunset?
decreases
In NY state it takes about __ months for the sun's path to go from the _____ angle of ________ to Lowest angle of __________
highest insolation insolation
As the angle of the Sun's rays striking Earth's surface at noon changes from 90° to 43°, the length of a shadow cast by an object will
increase
During the summer solstice, as an observer moves from 0 latitude to 90 degrees North the duration of insolation will ....
increase (12 hrs to 24 hrs)
As duration of insolation increases, temp
increases
As the length of the suns apparent path increases, the duration of daylight..
increases
From sunrise to solar noon, the intensity of insolation
increases
What happens to your angle of insolation between sunrise and solar noon?
increases
This graph shows that insolation varies with
latitude and time of day
As intensity increases, latitude
latitude decreases
As the angle of insolation (sun in sky) increases, latitude
latitude decreases
As temperature decreases, latitude
latitude increases
From Sept. 21st to Dec. 20 in the US, the direction in which the sun sets
moves from the west towards the south
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Tropic of Capricorn, June 21st
north
Shadows on December 21st in the Northern Hemisphere - Shadow at solar noon will point ______
north
The Tropic of Cancer is located in the _____ hemisphere
north
Shadows on December 21st in the Northern Hemisphere - Shadow a sunrise will point ________
north west
The sun is always _______ from a shadow
opposite
Perihelion
orbital point nearest the sun
Aphelion
point in a planet's orbit that is farthest from the sun
Very cold climates occur at Earth's North and South Poles because the polar regions
receive low-angle insolation
During an equinox, as latitude increases from the equator, the duration of insolation
remains the same
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Tropic of Cancer, December 21st
south
In NYS, to to see the son at noon, one would look towards the
south
The Tropic of Capricorn is located in the _____ hemisphere
southern
The highest angle of insolation is at what time of year
summer
When the Northern Hemisphere experiences winter, the Southern Hemisphere experiences *
summer
The total number of daylight hours during an entire year is ... Why?
the same at each of the four locations We all average 12 hours a day if you found the average for a year
Poles are so cold because
they receive low-angle insolation
If the tilt of Earth's axis were decreased from 23.5° to 15°, New York State's winters would become
warmer, and summers would become cooler
polaris is equal to
your latitude
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Tropic of Cancer, June 21st
zenith
Direction of the sun at solar noon : Tropic of Capricorn, December 21st
zenith
