internat busa 3.0 (ethics, social responsibility, sustainability)

The study of morality and standards of conduct is known as

ethics

Which of the following is the focus of Aristotelian virtue ethics?

Core, individual actions and behaviors and how they express and build individual character

True or false: Businesses and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) currently pursue the reduction of the availability of "fairly traded" products.

False

What are the hypothetical reasons for the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and the quality of the natural environment in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)? (Check all that apply.)

Income-driven alterations in the increasing returns to scale related to pollution abatement Income-driven alterations in the composition of production and/or consumption Income-driven alterations in the institutions that are required to internalize externalities

Which of the following refer to Kantian philosophy? (Check all that apply.)

Individuals should consider their choices as implying a general rule that must be assessed for its consistency as a universal law. The moral worth of an action does not depend on the effect expected from it, nor on any principle of action, which requires to borrow its motive from this expected effect.

Which of the following is a true statement about Eastern philosophy in comparison with Western philosophy?

It states that attempts to discuss the universe from an objective viewpoint are inherently absurd.

In the context of the involvement of multinational corporations (MNCs) and human rights, identify the true statements about China. (Check all that apply.)

Most MNCs continue their involvement in China despite various human rights violations. The Chinese government frequently detains human rights lawyers.

Which of the following U.S. agencies is responsible for continually auditing the financial books of multinational corporations (MNCs)?

The U.S. Internal Revenue Service

Why do human rights issues present challenges for multinational corporations (MNCs)?

There is presently no universally adopted standard of what represents acceptable behavior.

Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), it is illegal for a U.S. firm and its managers to attempt to _____.

influence officials from other countries via personal payments or political contributions

At the 21st annual United Nations Climate Change Conference, representatives from over 185 countries created the Paris Agreement on climate policy that aims to _____.

substantially decrease global greenhouse gas emissions beginning in 2020

Which of the following statements refers to utilitarianism?

An act is morally right if it maximizes usefulness.

The system by which business corporations are directed and controlled is known as

Blank 1: corporate Blank 2: governance

The actions of a firm to benefit society beyond the requirements of the law and the direct interests of the firm are referred to as

Blank 1: corporate Blank 2: social Blank 3: responsibility

The term Blank 1 of 1 refers to development that meets humanity's needs without harming future generations.

Blank 1: sustainability

Which of the following shows the difference between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethics?

CSR is based more on voluntary actions in contrast to ethics that has a legal component.

True or false: Most international managers do not concern themselves with understanding the social culture in which their corporation is enveloped and how that can mesh with the corporate culture.

False

A recent study found the top priorities around the world for development assistance using a cost-benefit analysis of where investments would have the greatest effect. What are the top three priorities according to this study? (Check all that apply.)

Investment in expanding the subsidy for malaria combination treatment Investment in extending childhood immunization coverage

Identify the true statements about the Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) of business ethics. (Check all that apply.)

It allows considerable latitude for nations to create their unique concepts of fairness but draws the line at flagrant neglect of core human values. It has faced criticisms for its inability to give precise guidance for managers under specific conditions.

Identify the true statements about the corporate governance structure. (Check all that apply.)

It details the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in a corporation. It gives the framework through which a firm's objectives are set and the means of achieving the objectives and monitoring performance

In the context of corruption, identify a true statement about the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) agreement on antibribing.

It does not outlaw most payments to political party leaders.

Identify the true statements about the Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) of business ethics. (Check all that apply.)

It has faced criticisms for its inability to give precise guidance for managers under specific conditions. It allows considerable latitude for nations to create their unique concepts of fairness but draws the line at flagrant neglect of core human values.

Identify a true statement about Eastern philosophy.

It tends to consider individuals part of, rather than separate from, nature.

Identify a true statement about the Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) of business ethics.

It tries to navigate a moral position that does not compel decision makers to engage exclusively in relativism versus absolutism.

Match the systems of corporate governance (in the left column) with their examples (in the right column

Outsider systems matches Choice, Systems in the United States and the United Kingdom Systems in the United States and the United Kingdom Insider systems matches Choice, Systems in many continental European countries Systems in many continental European countries

In the context of offshore low-cost labor-intensive practices, identify the true statements about India. (Check all that apply.)

The firm Accenture currently has more than double the number of employees in India than it has in the United States. More than a third of the global information technology (IT) workforce is currently located in India.

Which of the following are the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals? (Check all that apply.)

To diminish inequality within and among nations, To adopt urgent action to combat climate change and its effects

Identify the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. (Check all that apply.)

To eliminate poverty in all its forms everywhere, To encourage sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth

True or false: Ethics is frequently a victim of subjectivity as it yields to the will of cultural relativism.

True

True or false: Firms like Accenture acquire a competitive advantage by offering low-cost services with labor costs in India at less than half of those in the United States.

True

True or false: Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have encouraged multinational corporations (MNCs) to be increasingly responsive to the range of social needs in developing countries.

True

The division of the United Nations that is dedicated to the education, promotion, facilitation, and advocacy of sustainable practices and sound concerns associated with the natural world is called the _____.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Which of the following is a form of consequentialism that favors the greatest good for the greatest number of people under a given set of constraints?

Utilitarianism

Which of the following financiers announced that they would no longer provide financing to coal-mining firms in both the developed and developing world in November 2015 on the opening day of the United Nations climate summit in Paris? (Check all that apply.)

Wells Fargo Morgan Stanley

According to Aristotelian virtue ethics, which of the following statements are true? (Check all that apply.)

Without a fixed and habitual desire for the good, there is little incentive for good actions. A good, or virtuous, individual does what is right for the right reasons and gains satisfaction from such actions because his or her character is rightly formed.

A recent study found the top priorities around the world for development assistance. This study showed that _____ is one of the top three investments.

fighting malnutrition

In the context of women's rights and gender equity in employment, identify a true statement about Japan.

According to a 2018 survey, three-quarters of Japanese businesses have no female members on their senior leadership teams.

An organized social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries obtain better trading conditions and promote sustainability is known as Blank 1 of 2 Blank 2 of 2.

Blank 1: fair Blank 2: trade

Identify the two largest emitters of greenhouse gas that are critical in reaching the 55 percent emission threshold set by the Paris Agreement on climate policy.

China and the United States

Match the standards of the International Labour Organization on child labor (in the left column) with their features (in the right column).

Convention 182 on the worst forms of child labor matches Choice, It has been ratified by 180 nations, with only India and a few Pacific island nations yet to endorse. It has been ratified by 180 nations, with only India and a few Pacific island nations yet to endorse. Convention 138 on minimum age matches Choice, It has seen less acceptance and remains yet to be ratified by nearly two dozen countries, such as the United States, India, and Australia. It has seen less acceptance and remains yet to be ratified by nearly two dozen countries, such as the United States, India, and Australia.

True or false: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the division of the United Nations dedicated to the education, promotion, facilitation, and advocacy of sustainable practices and environmentally sound concerns.

True

Match the situations that are associated with the transfer of the labor force or firms overseas (in the left column) with their effects (in the right column).

When a company moves to another country and seeks to employ local individuals matches Choice, The individuals will identify with the outside environment but not necessarily the corporation. The individuals will identify with the outside environment but not necessarily the corporation. When individuals are moved offshore matches Choice, The individuals will identify with the corporation but not necessarily the outside environment. The individuals will identify with the corporation but not necessarily the outside environment.

While the number of women in the workforce has increased remarkably worldwide, it is difficult to reach a firm's upper management positions. This means that most women are still experiencing the effects of _____.

a glass ceiling

Private, not-for-profit organizations that seek to serve society's interests by focusing on social, political, and economic issues such as poverty, social justice, education, health, and the environment are called Blank 1 of 1 organizations (NGOs).

nongovernmental, non-governmental, or non governmental

After heavy lobbying from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), in August 2003, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry dropped its opposition to relaxation of intellectual property provisions under the World Trade Organization (WTO) to _____.

produce generic, low-cost antiviral drugs available to developing countries facing health emergencies

Identify a country that has openly opposed the idea of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) agreement on antibribing.

Japan

Which of the following is an argument by Kantian philosophical traditions?

People have responsibilities dependent on a core set of moral principles that go beyond those of narrow self-interest.

Match the systems of corporate governance based on regions (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

Systems of North America and Europe matches Choice, They are considered responsive to shareholders and other stakeholders in comparison with other systems. They are considered responsive to shareholders and other stakeholders in comparison with other systems. Systems of regions with less well-developed legal and institutional protections and poor property rights matches Choice, Forms of "crony capitalism" may develop in which weak corporate governance and government interference can result in poor performance, risky financing patterns, and macroeconomic crises. Forms of "crony capitalism" may develop in which weak corporate governance and government interference can result in poor performance, risky financing patterns, and macroeconomic crises.

To give information about and enforce environmental laws, the U.S. government has instituted the _____.

Environmental Protection Agency

According to the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank, intervention in child labor is necessary only when _____.

developmental welfare of a child is compromised

The thesis on the relationship between economic development and the quality of the natural environment is hypothesized by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to be represented as a(n) _____.

inverted U-shape