Internet & World Wide Web How to Program 5th Edition Chapter 1

HTML5

(HyperText Markup Language) special type of computer language called a markup language designed to specify the content and structure of web pages in a portable manner; HTML5 is the emerging version.

Cloud Computing

Allows you to use software, hardware and information stored in the "cloud" - i.e., accessed on remote computers via the Internet and available on demand

Top Tier (aka client tier)

Application's user interface, which gathers input and displays output

Web 2.0 was coined by:

Dale Dougherty

Architecture of Participation

Design that encourages user interaction and community contributions

World Wide Web Consortium (WC3)

Devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web

Packet Switching

Digital data was sent in small bunches called packets which contained address, error-control and sequencing information. Address info allowed packets to be routed to their destinations. Packet switching greatly reduced transmission costs.

Multitier Applications (aka n-tier applications)

Divide functionality into separate tiers

Database

Electronic collection of data that's organized for easy access and manipulation

Business Logic

Enforces business rules and ensures that data is reliable before the application updates a database or presents data to users

ARPANET

Evolved into today's Internet

Interpreter Programs

Execute high-level language programs directly, although more slowly than compiled programs

Android

Fastest growing mobile and smartphone OS based on the Linux kernal and Java

GET

HTTP Method indicating that the client wishes to obtain a resource from the server

Microsoft web servers use ______ extensions

ISAPI (Internet Server Application Program Interface)

Middle Tier

Implements business logic, controller logic and presentation logic to control interactions between the application's clients and its data

JavaScript

Language that helps you build dynamic (i.e., pages that can be modified "on the fly" in response to events such as user input and time changes) web pages and computer applications

Domain Name System server (DNS)

Maintains a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses and performs translations automatically

Bottom Tier

Maintains the application's data

Apache HTTP Servers use ________

Modules

jQuery

Most popular of hundreds of JavaScript libraries; simplifies JavaScript programming by making it easier to manipulate a web page's elements and interact with servers in a portable manner across various web browsers (GUI Controls)

Inheritance

New class of objects can be created quickly and conveniently using this

Server-Side Scripts

Often generate custom responses for clients

Ajax

One of the premier Web 2.0 software technologies and helps Internet-based apps perform like desktop apps

Hostname

Part of URL that is the name of the web-server computer on which the resources reside (ex. www.deitel.com)

Controller Logic

Processes client requests and retrieves data from the database

Presentation Logic

Processes data from the information tier and presents the content to the client

HTTP Headers

Provide additional information about the data that will be sent

Cache

Save on disk

High-Level Languages

Single statements could be written to accomplish substantial tasks

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

Specify the presentation, or styling, of elements on a web page. Designed to style portable web pages independently of their content and structure.

Recommendations

Technologies standardized by the WC3

Scripting Host

The browser

Host

The computer that houses and maintains resources

Collective Intelligence

The concept that a large diverse group of people will create smart ideas

TCP/IP

The protocol for communicating over the ARPNET became known as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP ensured messages were properly routed from sender to receiver. IP (Internet Protocol) created a network of networks

Moore's Law

The trend in which the capacities of computers have approximately doubled inexpensively

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

This standard specifies data formats, which programs can use to interpret data correctly

Assemblers

Translator programs developed to convert assembly-language programs to machine language

Hyperlinks

When clicked, load a specific document; both images and text may be hyperlinked

Two most common HTTP request types?

get and post