Internet & World Wide Web How to Program 5th Edition Chapter 1
HTML5
(HyperText Markup Language) special type of computer language called a markup language designed to specify the content and structure of web pages in a portable manner; HTML5 is the emerging version.
Cloud Computing
Allows you to use software, hardware and information stored in the "cloud" - i.e., accessed on remote computers via the Internet and available on demand
Top Tier (aka client tier)
Application's user interface, which gathers input and displays output
Web 2.0 was coined by:
Dale Dougherty
Architecture of Participation
Design that encourages user interaction and community contributions
World Wide Web Consortium (WC3)
Devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web
Packet Switching
Digital data was sent in small bunches called packets which contained address, error-control and sequencing information. Address info allowed packets to be routed to their destinations. Packet switching greatly reduced transmission costs.
Multitier Applications (aka n-tier applications)
Divide functionality into separate tiers
Database
Electronic collection of data that's organized for easy access and manipulation
Business Logic
Enforces business rules and ensures that data is reliable before the application updates a database or presents data to users
ARPANET
Evolved into today's Internet
Interpreter Programs
Execute high-level language programs directly, although more slowly than compiled programs
Android
Fastest growing mobile and smartphone OS based on the Linux kernal and Java
GET
HTTP Method indicating that the client wishes to obtain a resource from the server
Microsoft web servers use ______ extensions
ISAPI (Internet Server Application Program Interface)
Middle Tier
Implements business logic, controller logic and presentation logic to control interactions between the application's clients and its data
JavaScript
Language that helps you build dynamic (i.e., pages that can be modified "on the fly" in response to events such as user input and time changes) web pages and computer applications
Domain Name System server (DNS)
Maintains a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses and performs translations automatically
Bottom Tier
Maintains the application's data
Apache HTTP Servers use ________
Modules
jQuery
Most popular of hundreds of JavaScript libraries; simplifies JavaScript programming by making it easier to manipulate a web page's elements and interact with servers in a portable manner across various web browsers (GUI Controls)
Inheritance
New class of objects can be created quickly and conveniently using this
Server-Side Scripts
Often generate custom responses for clients
Ajax
One of the premier Web 2.0 software technologies and helps Internet-based apps perform like desktop apps
Hostname
Part of URL that is the name of the web-server computer on which the resources reside (ex. www.deitel.com)
Controller Logic
Processes client requests and retrieves data from the database
Presentation Logic
Processes data from the information tier and presents the content to the client
HTTP Headers
Provide additional information about the data that will be sent
Cache
Save on disk
High-Level Languages
Single statements could be written to accomplish substantial tasks
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Specify the presentation, or styling, of elements on a web page. Designed to style portable web pages independently of their content and structure.
Recommendations
Technologies standardized by the WC3
Scripting Host
The browser
Host
The computer that houses and maintains resources
Collective Intelligence
The concept that a large diverse group of people will create smart ideas
TCP/IP
The protocol for communicating over the ARPNET became known as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP ensured messages were properly routed from sender to receiver. IP (Internet Protocol) created a network of networks
Moore's Law
The trend in which the capacities of computers have approximately doubled inexpensively
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
This standard specifies data formats, which programs can use to interpret data correctly
Assemblers
Translator programs developed to convert assembly-language programs to machine language
Hyperlinks
When clicked, load a specific document; both images and text may be hyperlinked
Two most common HTTP request types?
get and post