Intro to Astronomy - Chapter 1 Lecture Notes

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All other elements were constructed from hydrogen and helium in stars and then........

....... recycled into new star systems, including our solar system

Star

glowing ball of gas that generates heat and light through nuclear fusion

Dark matter

one of the greatest mysteries in astronomy

Light Year

the distance light can travel in 1 year

The more ______________ the galaxy, the _______________ it is racing away

the more distant the galaxy, the faster it is racing away

Crab Nebula

the relic of the death of a massive star as a supernova

Universe

the sum total of all matter, and energy; that is, everything within and between all galaxies

How often does Earth complete its orbit?

Once every year

How often does Earth rotate around it's axis?

Once everyday

Our sun moves _______________ to the other stars in the local solar neighborhood.

Our sun moves randomly relative to the other stars in the local solar neighborhood

Where does most of the milky way's light comes from what?

from it's disk and bulge

How fast does light take to travel from the Earth to Sirius?

8 years

Solar (Star) System

- our solar system is made of all the stuffs mention above - planets are the most prominent members (except the central star) - it's not necessarily that every star has such as a planetary system - there are many, many other similar systems in our milky way

Light year formula is?

1 light year = (speed of light) x (1 year) (300,000 km/s) x (365 days/1 year x 24 hours/1 day x 60 minutes/1 hour x 60 seconds/1 minute) = 9,460,000,000,000 km

How fast does light take to travel from the Earth to the Moon?

1 second

What is the size of the universe?

14 billion light years in radius and contains over 100 billion galaxies

How fast does light take to travel from Earth to Andromeda Galaxy?

2. 5 million years

Light travels at a finite speed of?

300,000 km/s

How fast does light take to travel from the Earth to the Sun?

8 minutes

At great ___________, we see objects as they were when the universe was much ______________.

At great distances, we see objects as they were when the universe was much younger.

Order the Earth, milky way galaxy, universe, solar system, local supercluster, and local group in order from smallest to largest?

Earth ---> Solar System ----> Milky Way Galaxy ---> Local Group----> Local Supercluster----> Universe

What is the size of the Earth if the solar system in a 1 to 10 billion scale?

Earth is the size of a ball point 15 meters

How often do we the galaxy?

Every 230 million years

What is the size of the sun if the solar system in a 1 to 10 billion scale?

The Sun is the size of a large grapefruit

The_______ away we look in distance, the __________ back we look in time.

The farther away we look in distance, the further back we look in time

Which part of Earth rotates the fastest?

The middle part of Earth

What is discovered about our universe?

We live in an expanding universe

Galaxy

a great island of stars in space, all held together by gravity and orbiting a common center

Planet

a moderately large object that orbits a star; it shines by reflected light. Planets may be rocky, icy, or gaseous in composition

Comet

a relatively small and icy object that orbits a star

Asteroid (minor planet)

a relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star

Cosmic Calendar

a scale on which we compress the history of the universe into 1 year

Orion nebula

a typical example of a "stellar nursery" - hosts several hundreds of young stars

How many galaxies are there?

about 100 billion galaxies

How many stars are in the Milky Way?

about 100 billion stars

All _______________ outside our local group are moving _____________ from us.

all galaxies outside our local group are moving away from us.

Nebula

an interstellar cloud of gas and dust, site of stars' birth or death

Moon (Satelliete)

an object that orbits a planet

Why do nebulas' shine?

because of the star(s) embedded within

What direction does earth rotate?

counterclockwise

What are also important components of galaxies?

diffused gas and dust in between stars


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