Intro to Health Informatics Final Study Guide

Describe in 4-5 sentences maximum: What are two goals of a learning health system from your readings? (2 points) Describe how clinical research is related to the data/evidence/practice feedback cycle figure from the AHRQ article (3 points).

*didnt answer*

Name the best-known and most widely used biomedical bibliographic database [answer1]. (Must spell correctly for credit)

*not medline database*

Healthcare providers who use electronic health records (EHRs) should practice procedures to prepare for which of the following (check all that apply):

-Cyberattacks -Natural disasters -Scheduled maintenance/updates

Review Chapter 2 and figure 2.1 in your book. Then, match the term to its correct definition.

-Data: Building blocks or observations that may or may not be meaningful -Knowledge: Information which is evidence based and believed to be true -Information: Meaningful observation Interoperability: Transmission of information between health information technology systems

Please match the topic or term on the left to the definition or example on the right.

-Datum: observation -Information: meaningful data -Knowledge: believed to be true

According to the AMIA definition of the science of informatics, the field is "inherently interdisciplinary, drawing on (and contributing to) a large number of other component fields" such as which of the following below (select all that apply):

-Decision Science -Computer Science -Information Science -Engineering -Organizational theory

A public health informatician has several roles in public health including (check all that apply)

-Defining functional requirements for public health information systems -Serving as a liaison between multidisciplinary teams such as public health officials and IT professionals -Planning and designing public health information systems

Match the term on the left with the correct word or phrase on the right:

-Diagnostic tests: definitive tests -Screening tests: generally less expensive and less invasive -Sensitivity: ability of a test to detect a true positive -Specificity: ability of a test to detect a true negative

According to your textbook, which of the following are forms of clinical decision support (select all that apply):

-Drug allergy alerts -Reminders for preventive medicine -Calculators

Which of the following is a benefit of electronic health records? (select all that apply, e.g. there may be more than one correct answer to this question):

-Electronic medical records can be backed up offsite in the event of a natural disaster -Electronic medical records can be accessed by more than one provider at a time -Electronic medical records can be accessed from off-site

Match the term with their description:

-HITECH ACT: Funding authorized by federal legislation to encourage meaningful use of electronic health records -CDSS: IT systems that take into account information of a particular context and provide recommendations for clinical decisions -ONC: A government office which supports the adoption of health information technology and health information exchange -alert fatigue: Healthcare provider desensitization to electronic health record warnings

Match the field to its primary focus of concern:

-Public Health: primary focus of concern is the health of populations/communities -Medicine: Primary focus of concern is the health of individuals

Match the concepts with correct definitions:

-RAM: used to store data and programs currently in use and requires continuous power to maintain it -CPU: the "brain" or main processing unit of a computer for general computation -Database: logically organized collection of data, usually using fields, records, and files -Servers: this hardware handles many transactions across a network

Please match each of the following terms with the characteristic regarding CDSS.

-Rule-based system: Knowledge-based system which uses if-then production rules -Branching logic representation: May be used to represent a guideline or clinical protocol -Infobuttons: Simple form of CDS which uses information retrieval -Leeds abdominal pain system: Example of a Bayesian probability type system

Why do physicians use screening tests instead of simply using "gold standard" tests all the time? (multiple answers, SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

-Screening tests are generally less invasive -Screening tests are generally less expensive -Screening tests can be used on large populations to look for potential disease

Select the reasons why physicians use screening tests instead of simply using "gold standard" (reference standard) tests: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY, THERE MAY BE MULTIPLE ANSWERS)

-Screening tests can be used on large populations to look for potential disease -Screening tests are generally LESS invasive

Please match the term with the example on the right.

-Structured data: billing or diagnosis codes -Unstructured data: free text in EHRs

Which of the following are benefits of recording, collecting, and analyzing clinical data? (Select all that apply)

-Support clinical care -Support population/public health -For use in clinical research

Match the description on the left to the term on the right.

-Term to describe how medical records were organized in the 1960s: Problem -Mostly in "free text" format: paper based records

Please match the type of health record to its description:

-Tethered personal health records: PHRs which are covered by HIPAA laws -Standalone personal health records: Patient's fill in their health information from their own records and memories and store the data on their own device/internet

Which of the following are challenges to implementing health information exchange (HIE) within a community? (select all that apply, there may be more than one answer)

-The use of multiple EHR and HIT systems (and/or vendors) within a community -Healthcare provider partial use of EHRs (e.g. gaps in ability to capture healthcare data electronically such as the use of faxs) -The lack of stakeholder commitment to HIE -Threats to privacy and security of health data - Conflicting views on governance of the data within the health information infrastructure

Which of the following are challenges to implementing health information exchange within a community? (select all that apply, there may be more than one answer)

-The use of multiple EHR and HIT vendors within a community -Healthcare provider partial use of EHRs (e.g. gaps in ability to capture healthcare data electronically) -Lack of committed healthcare community stakeholders -Threats to privacy and security of health data -Conflicting views on governance of the data within the health information infrastructure

According to the AMIA webpage on the Science of Informatics from your readings, which of the following are names of the major application areas of Biomedical and Health Informatics? (select all that apply)

-Translational Bioinformatics -Clinical Informatics -Public Health Informatics -Consumer Health Informatics -Clinical Research Informatics

According the AMIA, which of the following (select all that apply) are considered major areas of application of biomedical informatics:

-Translational Bioinformatics -Public Health Informatics -Clinical Research Informatics -Consumer Health Informatics

Match the concepts with correct definitions:

-True Positive: a test which is positive when disease is present in a patient -True Negative: a test which is negative when disease is absent -False Positive: a test which is positive when disease is absent -False Negative: a test which is negative when disease is present

Review Chapter 3 in your textbook, then match the network to the description:

-WLAN: Based on the IEEE 802.11 standard -GAN: Have unlimited geographic area -LAN: Computers linked in close proximity

Clinical decision support systems may: (select all that apply, e.g. there may be more than one correct answer to this question)

-generate patient care reminders in the electronic health records -improve access to evidence-based medicine

Match the concepts with the correct descriptors:

-sensitivity:likelihood that a test will identify a patient with a given disease/condition -specificity: likelihood that a test will not identify disease in a normal patient -gold standard: definitive test -screening test: typically less invasive and less expensive test

On average, for every hour spent on clinical care, [answer1] hour(s) are spent on the EHR documenting care? HINT: Enter the number.

2

During a clinical encounter, medical studies suggest that paper charts, on average, are missing what percent of the time?

25%

A recent survey discussed in the article found the percentage of health care institutions that reported as least one unplanned downtime in the past 3 years was:

96%

Healthcare providers who use electronic health records (EHRs) should practice procedures to prepare for

All of the above

When designing and defining software architecture for public health information systems, one must consider:

All of the above

Which of the following is not true regarding the increase in adoption of EHRs by healthcare providers?

All of the above are true

In regards to long-term computer data storage, which type of storage is used to store data for documentary or legal purposes which is typically not needed urgently.

Archival storage

_____________ includes journal articles, letters to editors, reviews, such as what is indexed in MEDLINE.

Bibliographic content

The most fundamental unit of information in a computer is discrete and called a [answer1].* *must be spelled correctly for credit

Bit or binary digit

Review Chapter 2 in your book, clinical data in electronic health records is composed of the following:

Both (structured and unstructured)

Which of the following does your textbook refer to as another possible name for an electronic health record (EHR)? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

CMR ECIS CPR EMR

Minimizes errors from illegible writing

CPOE

Which of the following functions of an EHR system has helped reduce the number of prescription errors due to illegible writing?

CPOE

According to the AMIA links from your readings, the "Science of Health Informatics" draws from a large number of other science fields, name 2 science fields:

Computer science Information science

Real-time, patient-centered digital records

EHRs

According to your reading, physicians who are part of group practices have the lowest rate of electronic health record adoption.

False

Aggregated content is developed for only one type of user, e.g. the clinician.

False

Because most clinical decision support systems are advanced, they will not be affected by the quality of the data used within the system.

False

Data can be thought of as organized building blocks of information. (Dr. Andrews Unit 1a lecture).

False

In comparison to WAN's, GAN's have a limited geographic area.

False

In the TF*IDF weighting formula, TF refers to the term frequency and IDF refers to international disease reference.

False

It is desirable for a screening test to have a low positive predictive value.

False

Output devices are not important parts of computer hardware.

False

Please review the readings, lecture slides and tutorial videos from Unit 1c. Which of the following is a positive test result obtained from a patient without the disease.

False positive

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 functional components of EHRs discussed in your lectures

HIT model

The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) was legislatively mandated by which Act in 2009?

HITECH

Which of the following represents healthcare knowledge?

HIV infection leads to opportunistic infections

Imaging you are graduating with a degree in Health Informatics, name a career field you could pursue. ***HINT: It must be a career in Health Information, Health Information Technology, or Health Informatics and spelled correctly for credit.

Health informatics consultant

Please match the item on the left with the description on the right.

Internet of Things (IoT): Huge network of connected devices including "smart" medical sensors GAN: Network with an unlimited geographic area VPN: Uses "Tunneling protocols" to encrypt data WLAN: Uses unlicensed frequencies to operate (900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz)

According to the article, most EHR system downtime is due to and that can be scheduled to least impact clinical care.

Maintenance System updates

Which one of the following is NOT correct regarding personal health records (PHRs)?

Personal health records are not separate from and can replace the legal record of any health care provider.

Name two recommendations from the article on how to prepare for EHR downtime, either planned or unplanned in 2 sentences or bullet points.

Planned shutdowns can be scheduled when most convenient for the healthcare setting and can have little impact on clinical care. If an unplanned shutdown occurs, physical paper copies of patient files can be stored in house and referred to if necessary. *this was my own response please cite if using* *professor notes: also, consider using an internal website for status updates*

[answer] measures the probability that a patient will have the disease if they have a positive diagnostic test. (must spell correctly for credit)

Positive predictive value or PPV

Name the measurement used in information retrieval (IR) which answers the question: "For a search, what fraction of retrieved documents are relevant?" [answer1] (must spell correctly for credit)

Precision

Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is statistically a

Probability

Which of the following is not a potential benefit of Health Information Infrastructure (HII)?

Public access to individual patient information

What are secondary uses (or re-uses) of healthcare data (select all that apply).

Quality reports Public health Research

The "gold standard" test is the definitive indicator of a target condition. This test is also known as the [answer] standard. (must spell correctly for credit)

Reference

Which of the following represents a datum?

Singular observation

Networks are named by which of the following characteristics (select all that apply):

Size Connection method Configuration

Relational database management systems link records to [answer1]* *Please view the class lecture and your textbook Chapter 3. Must spell correctly for credit.

Table or Tables

In 2004, President Bush established which office to oversee the application of health information technology and adoption of electronic health records?

The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology

A clinical datum is a single observation of a patient. Multiple observations about a patient are considered clinical data.

True

According to AMIA, much of the value of electronic health records comes from the implementation and adoption of clinical decision support systems by healthcare systems.

True

An ideal test would have no values where the distribution of people with the disease and people without the disease overlap.

True

Computers do not represent meaning.

True

EHR downtime can result in patient safety risks and possible patient injury.

True

Electronic health records contain both structured and unstructured data.

True

In medicine, probability can be used as a method to express uncertainty in disease diagnosis.

True

In order to establish successful health information exchange, a community should attempt to engage multiple key stakeholders and address the financial sustainability of the business model.

True

Information can be thought of as meaningful and/or organized data and facts from which conclusions can be drawn.

True

Information is organized data from which conclusions can be drawn.

True

One of the challenges to a patient-centric architecture approach to health information infrastructure is obtaining patient consent to access their healthcare data.

True

One of the main goals of electronic medical records is to provide a pertinent view of patient health data at the point of care.

True

Problem oriented medical records, developed in the 1960s, helped with communication of patient information between physicians and 3rd parties who were also involved in the patient's care.

True

The definition or idea of what is considered a "computer" is evolving with changes in technology.

True

Translational Bioinformatics is a field of informatics which focuses on transformation of biomedical data, including genomic data, into knowledge which can be used in the clinical and public health domains.

True

Various disciplines have contributed to the birth and evolution of biomedical informatics, including computer science, medicine, information science, cognitive science, and others.

True

Name the security protocol discussed in the lecture and your book which is used by virtual private networks? *spell correctly for credit

Tunneling or tunneling protocol(s)

A Global Area Network (GAN) is associated with which of the following attributes?

Unlimited geographic area

Which network is likely to be used by a physician accessing his/her work EHR remotely?

VPN

Which of the following steps is the last step in creating a public health information system?

Visualization, analysis, and reporting of health data

Name 3 of the "V"s which the textbook uses to define Big Data?*

Volume Velocity Variety

Consumer Health Informatics is a field of informatics which focuses on the healthcare provider's point of view.

false

Context, e.g. encoding, is not important when transmitting health information.

false

This measurement is a test's probability to accurately reflect whether a person with a positive test result actually has the disease: [answer]

positive predictive value

A key responsibility of a public health informatician is to understand how public health data can be transformed into useful knowledge to solve public health problems.

true

Ethernet networks are faster, less expensive and more secure than wireless networks.

true

In medicine, probability can be used as a method to express uncertainty in disease diagnosis.

true

REST stands for Representational State Transfer and is an architecture not a standard.* *Please read Chapter 3 prior to answering.

true