Introduction to Ethics - Unit 2 EXAM

Which of the following represents a challenge to the intellectualist option of divine command theory?

"God makes commands because they are good" implies that something beyond God's free command makes things good.

Which of the following statements supports egoism?

"Greed is good."

Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument?

A lot of cultures agree that murder, stealing, and lying are wrong.

Which of the following statements supports egoism?

All actions should be aimed at the greater good of society. X Self-determined ethics are more successful than ethics dictated by others. Working to meet the demands of the larger society can lead to prosperity. A society is more just if it distributes rewards to everyone equally.

Which of the following represents a difficulty with egoism?

Because good is determined by self-interest, the egoist cannot judge the actions of others.

Choose the statement that correctly identifies whether egoism is relativist or objectivist and why.

Egoism is relativist because what is good is relative to an individual's self-interest.

Which of the following represents a difficulty with egoism?

Teamwork often produces better results for everyone involved.

Thomas goes to church on Sunday morning because he believes God has commanded him to do it. According to divine command theory, going to church on Sunday is thus __________.

obligatory

Which of the following scenarios would be neutral for an egoist?

Leah has a hard time deciding between the University of Minnesota and Notre Dame, but she picks Notre Dame in the end.

Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism?

Lee is looking for an ethical framework that requires newcomers to assimilate.

Which of the following scenarios would be impermissible for an egoist?

Nadine begrudgingly helps a coworker she doesn't like with a project.

Gerard likes to lie in his garden and pretend he's a cabbage. His neighbors think it's kind of weird, but they agree that it's none of their business. What would a conventionalist call Gerard's action?

Neutral

Which of the following people would most likely be satisfied with conventionalism?

Norm is looking for an ethical framework that respects unfamiliar systems of ethics.

Quentin's faith teaches that God commands everyone to give at least ten percent of their income to the poor. Quentin usually gives fifteen percent. According to divine command theory, Quentin's action is __________.

supererogatory

Which of the following statements would you expect to hear from a conventionalist?

"The most important culture is the world's culture." "A culture's customs are unrelated to ethical truths." X "Morality cannot be compared across cultural borders." "The effects of an action on the culture determine its morality."

Which of the following statements represents a conventionalist worldview?

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do."

Why is egoism considered a relativist theory of ethics?

Because it maintains that humans are not inherently selfish. Because it maintains that there are universal truths most people agree on. X Because right and wrong are subject to the individual agent. Because it maintains that what is good applies to everyone equally.

Michelle is visiting a Muslim country. She doesn't know what to expect because she knows that some Muslim societies expect women to wear a head-scarf when they are outdoors. When she gets off of the airplane, Michelle immediately notices that all the women in the airport are wearing head-scarves. According to conventionalism, which action would be most appropriate for Michelle to take?

Buy a head-scarf and put it on.

Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true?

Divine command theory is not necessarily part of religious practice.

Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory?

Divine command theory is often associated with motivations for being moral.

Which of the following is an advantage of divine command theory?

Divine command theory provides objective moral truths.

Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory?

God forbids tattoos, but many people think they're kind of cool.

Which of the following examples contains a disagreement between popular thought and divine command theory?

God says, "Woe to those who are rich," but many people strive for wealth.

Which of the following represents a challenge to divine command theory?

It doesn't offer a firm basis for knowing which sacred texts are authentic and which are not.

Which of the following observations poses a challenge to the cultural differences argument?

It's possible that some cultures are just wrong about morality.

Frances, like most people in her culture, avoids making eye contact with strangers. What would a conventionalist call the action of making eye contact with strangers?

Obligatory Supererogatory Neutral X Impermissible

Sarah makes her famous chicken casserole for her new neighbors who have just moved to America from Asia. When her daughter Lily comes home and sees the casserole almost ready, she remarks, "Mom, didn't you know? Where our new neighbors come from, they don't eat meat. You shouldn't have made this!" Sarah replies, "I disagree! They live in America now and need to understand our customs!" According to conventionalism, which of the two - Sarah or Lily - has a better ethical stance?

Sarah, because ethical values are determined by the local culture, not your old one.

Which of the following statements about divine command theory is true?

X Divine command theory states that God's commands are universal ethical truths. Divine command theory is just another name for religion. Divine command theory states that the intention justifies the action. Divine command theory states that if God says nothing about an action, that action is forbidden.

According to an egoist, working hard to succeed in order to take care of oneself and one's needs is good because __________.

individual flourishing is the sole basis for ethics

It is widely accepted that people should work hard to take care of their children. How might an egoist complete this statement? Working hard to take care of one's children is right because __________.

it gives one a sense of pleasure and satisfaction