Introductory Logic Midterm Exam (VPSA) Study Guide Units 1 - 4 (WIP)

4. What are the six rules for defining terms by genus and difference?

A definition should.... state the essential attributes of the term. not be circular. not be too broad nor too narrow. not be unclear or figurative. should be stated positively, if possible be of the same part of speech as the term.

13. What does it mean that a term is distributed?

A distributed term is a term that, within a statement, refers to all members of its category.

8. What is a verbal disagreement?

A misunderstanding due to differing definitions for one or more words.

18. A definition which is meant to influence one's attitude.

A persuasive definition.

17. A definition which reduces vagueness.

A precising definition.

6. What 3 types of sentences are not statements?

A question, command, and nonsense.

2. Define the Law of Non-Contradiction.

A statement cannot be both true and false.

5. What is a statement?

A statement is a sentence that is either true or false.

7. What is a supported statement?

A statement whose truth value depends on evidence or information from outside itself.

19. A definition which supplies the meaning of a new term.

A stipulative definition.

12. What does it mean that a syllogism is valid?

A syllogism is valid if and only if the premises imply the conclusion.

20. A definition which explains concepts theoretically.

A theoretical definition.

10. What is meant by the quantity of a statement?

Affirmative or Negative

31. Fred is an elder.

All Fred is an elder

41. All fables are fictional stories. So some newspaper articles are fables, since some newspaper articles are fictional.

All fables are fictional stories Some newspaper articles are fictional Some newspaper articles are fables. AOO-2

30. He will collapse unless he sits down.

All he will be a collapser unless he sits down

32. Those who hunger for righteousness will be satisfied.

All hungerers-for-righteousness will be satisfied people

35. Whoever finds wisdom finds life.

All people who find wisdom are people who find life

16. What is an enthymeme?

An enthymeme is an argument in which a statement is unstated and assumed. Specifically, it is a syllogism with one assumed statement.

15. What is an immediate inference?

An immediate inference is a statement that can be inferred directly from another statement.

11. Define argument and syllogism.

Argument: An argument is a set of statement, on of which appears to be implied or supported by the others. Syllogism: A syllogism is a deductive argument with one conclusion, two premises, and three terms.

3. What are three methods for defining terms?

Defining by synonym, Defining by example, and Defining by genus and difference. (p. 26 - 28)

24. Self report

I believe that Jesus is the Son of God

14. Give an example of a Hypothetical statement:

If i fly then i am superman If i am superman then i have supernatural abilities Therefore, if i fly then i have supernatural abilities.

25. Tautology

Jesus is the Son of God, or He is not the Son of God.

1. What is Logic?

Logic is the science and art of reasoning well.

36. Pooh is a bear, and all bears are lovers of honey. So Pooh is a lover of honey.

Major Term: Lover of honey Minor Term: Pooh Middle Term: Bear

38. Abortion is a legal act, but abortion is murder. Thus, some murder is a legal act.

Major term: Legal act Minor term: Murder Middle term: Abortion

37. The ancient writers were clear writers, and no clear writers are poor teachers. Consequently, some ancient writers are not poor teachers.

Major term: Poor teachers Minor term: Ancient writers Middle term: Clear writers

33. Bats are not blind.

No bats are blind animals

40. Some madmen are quiet people, and no madmen are poets. It follows that some quiet people are not poets.

No madmen are poets Some madmen are quiet people Therefore, some quiet people are not poets. EIO-3

39. Some Greek speakers are Latin speakers. Therefore, some Romans are not Greek speakers, because some Romans are not Latin speakers.

Some Greek speakers are Latin speakers. Some Romans are not Greek speakers. Therefore, some Romans are not Latin speakers. IOO-1

29. Assume this statement is true: "All spirits are persons." Determine the truth value of the following: Some spirits are not persons. No spirits are persons. .'. Some spirits are persons. (My answer might be wrong, so don't judge.)

Some spirits are not person: False No spirits are persons: Some spirits are persons:

34. Most of the towers were very tall.

Some towers were very tall towers.

26. False by definition

Square: a 7 sided triangle

27. Arrange these terms in order of decreasing extension: algebra, math, subject.

Subject, math, algebra

9. What is meant by the quality of a statement?

Universal or Particular

28. Arrange these terms in order of increasing intension: automobile, dragster, vehicle.

Vehicle, automobile, dragster