IPv4 Addressing

How to check Private IP?

"ipconfig" on cmd IPv4 address check it.

How to differentiate btwn Class A, B, C, D?

-FIRST Octet of IPv4 Decimal!! 1-126 = Class A (1st octet of IPv4 Decimal) 128-191 = Class B 192-223 = Class C 224-239 = Class D

Describe Class A PRIVATE ip?

10 (1st octet IP)

Describe Class B PRIVATE ip?

172.16.x.x to 172.31.x.x

Describe Class C PRIVATE ip?

192.168.

Wat are the abbreviations (/)for subnet mask of Class A, B, C, D?

Abbreviation /8 = Class A subnet mask /16 = Class B subnet mask /24 = Class C subnet mask n/a = Class D subnet mask has no Abbreviation

169.254.x.x represents wat?

Automatic Private IP address (APIPA)

APIPA stands for wat?

Automatic Private IP addressing

Wat are the subnet masks of Class A, B, C, D?

Class A = 255. (1st octet of Subnet Mask) Class B = 255. 255 (First 2 octet of Subnet) Class C = 255. 255. 255 (1st 3 octets of Subnet) No ClassFull Subnet for Class D.

who assigns APIPA?

Device OS (operating system) 169.254.x.x

who assigns or who does Loopback address represent?

Device itself

How to check your Public IP?

Google My IP address (Public IP means you are able to access Internet)

why use APIPA?

IF DHCP server is DOWN, To avoid PC crash -> APIPA is used. Mechanism - DHCP uses DORA process to assign dynamic IP address When DORA Fails, APIPA is used by the device OS. (169.254.x.x)

IPv4 - Decimal IPv4 - Binary Subnet Mask -Decimal Subnet Mask - Binary Bits = 1 BIT SUBNET 1 = Part of NETWORK portion (of Subnet Binary) 0 = Part of HOST portion (of Subnet Binary) Eg: 192. 168. 1. 4 (IPv4 Decimal ID) Break into Binary 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000100 (IPv4 Binary) Subnet Mask Decimal 255 255 255 0 (Subnet decimal) Convert to Binary (Subnet: Decimal -> Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (Subnet binary) Network bits = All 1's of Subnet Binary Host bits = All 0's of Subnet Binary How to differentiate btwn Class A, B, C, D? -FIRST Octet of IPv4 Decimal!! 1-126 = Class A (1st octet of IPv4 Decimal) 128-191 = Class B 192-223 = Class C 224-239 = Class D ClassFull SUBNET Masks Class A = 255. (1st octet of Subnet Mask) Class B = 255. 255 (First 2 octet of Subnet) Class C = 255. 255. 255 (1st 3 octets of Subnet) No ClassFull Subnet for Class D. Abbreviation /8 = Class A subnet mask /16 = Class B subnet mask /24 = Class C subnet mask n/a = Class D subnet mask has no Abbreviation Notice = 127 is skipped. 127.0.0.1 = LOOPBACK address Routable IP's -Public IPs = ICANN globally manages these Public Routable IP ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Five different groups under ICANN -ARIN, LACNIC, AFNIC, APNIC and RIPE NCC ARIN - for North America LACNIC - for Latin America AFNIC - for Africa APNIC - for Asia and Pacific Region RIPE NCC - for Europe These are the groups that handle on behalf of ICANN on these Regions. ARIN won't sell a single IP. Unless you want a BLOCK of IP. ARIN sells a chuck of IP to VERIZON (IPS) We buys PUBLIC IP from VERIZON (IPS) EXAM Memorize the Private IP Chart!! Class A - 10 (in 1st octet) Class B - 172.16.x.x -- 172.31.x.x Class C - 192. 168 EXAM can trick you. Q- Which of these address is NOT a Private IP? 172.12.X.X bc Public IP (falls outside the Range) (Network Address Translation) changes Private IP to Public IP, v.v -LoopBack address (127.x.x.x range) -Address Refers to the Device ITSELF. To check the connection of the device. Does the Device Receive (Rx) and Transmit (Tx) data packages? -APIPA (Automatic Private IP addressing) 169.254.x.x -dynamically assigned by OS when DHCP is down. -DHCP is Unavailable so computer OS assigns APIPA -So DORA is used in Dynamic IP finding. Private IP Chart!! (1st, 2nd OCTET) Class A - 10 (in 1st octet) Class B - 172.16. -- 172.31. Class C - 192. 168 How to differentiate btwn Class A, B, C, D? -FIRST Octet of IPv4 Decimal!! 1-126 = Class A (1st octet of IPv4 Decimal) 127 =Loopback 128-191 = Class B 169.254 = APIPA when DHCH is down. 192-223 = Class C 224-239 = Class D

IPv4 10.1.2.3 32 bits Total 8 bits / octet -LoopBack address (127.x.x.x range) -APIPA (Automatic Private IP addressing) 169.254.x.x Private IP Chart!! (1st, 2nd OCTET) Class A - 10 (in 1st octet) Class B - 172.16. -- 172.31. Class C - 192. 168 How to differentiate btwn Class A, B, C, D? -FIRST Octet of IPv4 Decimal!! 1-126 = Class A (1st octet of IPv4 Decimal) 127 =Loopback 128-191 = Class B 169.254 = APIPA when DHCH is down. 192-223 = Class C 224-239 = Class D

Wat is 127 1st octet IPv4 Decimal reserved for?

LOOPBACK address

127.X.X.X represents wat?

Loopback address of the device 127.0.0.1 = most commonly used

Which process changes Private IP to Public IP?

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Does Class D has a Subnet Mask or Abbreviation subnet mask?

NOPE

Which device changes Private IP to Public IP?

ROUTER

Wat determines "Network" and "Host" of an IPv4 address? Wat tells which part of IPv4 is Host and which part of IPv4 is Network?

SUBNET / Subnet Mask The 1's and 0's of Subnet Binary ID Network = 1's (Subnet Binary ID) Host = 0's (Subnet Binary ID)

EXAM Memorize the Private IP Chart!! Class A - 10 (in 1st octet) Class C - 192. 168 Class B - 172.16.x.x -- 172.31.x.x Class B is tricky

T

EXAM can trick you. Q- Which of these address is NOT a Private IP? 172.12.X.X bc Public IP (falls outside the Range)

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why use Loopback address?

To check the connection of the device. Does the Device Receive (Rx) and Transmit (Tx) data packages?

Public IP address = Routable IP

True

How to Identify Network and HOST portion in IPv4 address? Two ways to do it. Subnet Binary can tell it. Or First Octet RANGE of IPv4 can tell it. 114.56.20.33 (IP), 255.0.0.0 (subnet) =Class A bc 1-126 (first octet IP) or subnet = 255 Network portion = 114 Host portion = 56.20.33 147.12.38.81 (IP), 255.255.0.0 (subnet) =Class B bc 128-191 (first octet IP) or subnet = 255 255 Network portion = 147.12 Host portion = 38.81 214.51.42.7 (IP), 255.255.255.0 (subnet) =Class C bc 192-223 (first octet IP) or subnet = 255 255 255 Network portion = 214.51.42 Host portion = .7

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IP Address is BROKEN into Classes. Each Class has its own Default Subnet Mask. This is ClassFUL Subnet Mask bc we use DEFAULT subnet mask. Four Different ClassFul subnet masks -Class A -Class B -Class C -Class D How to differentiate btwn Class A, B, C, D? -FIRST Octet of IPv4 Decimal!! 1-126 = Class A (1st octet of IPv4 Decimal) 128-191 = Class B 192-223 = Class C 224-239 = Class D ClassFull SUBNET Masks Class A = 255. (1st octet of Subnet Mask) Class B = 255. 255 (First 2 octet of Subnet) Class C = 255. 255. 255 (1st 3 octets of Subnet) No ClassFull Subnet for Class D. Abbreviation /8 = Class A subnet mask /16 = Class B subnet mask /24 = Class C subnet mask n/a = Class D subnet mask has no Abbreviation Notice = 127 is skipped. 127.0.0.1 = LOOPBACK address

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IPv4 address is Divided in "NETWORK" and "HOST". Q. How to know it? Wat determines it? SUBNET 1 = Part of NETWORK portion (of Subnet Binary) 0 = Part of HOST portion (of Subnet Binary) Eg: 192. 168. 1. 4 (IPv4 Decimal ID) Break into Binary 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000100 (IPv4 Binary) Subnet Mask Decimal 255 255 255 0 (Subnet decimal) Convert to Binary (Subnet: Decimal -> Binary) 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (Subnet binary) Network bits = All 1's of Subnet Binary Host bits = All 0's of Subnet Binary Therefore, Network Portion of IPv4 Decimal = 192. 168. 1 Host Portion of IPv4 Decimal = .4 4th Host on this particular Network.a

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Private IPs -(Non-routable IPs) -can be used by anyone -Not routable outside your LAN network Starts w 10 or 192 When you want to go to Internet. Router does NAT (Network Address Translation) NAT changes Private IP to Public IP Future lesson : NAT and PAT (port ad. translation) EXAM Memorize the Private IP Chart!! Class A - 10 (in 1st octet) Class C - 192. 168 Class B - 172.16.x.x -- 172.31.x.x Class B is tricky EXAM can trick you. Q- Which of these address is NOT a Private IP? 172.12.X.X bc Public IP (falls outside the Range) (Network Address Translation) changes Private IP to Public IP, v.v

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Routable IP & Non-Routable IP (2 Big types of IP) Routable IP's -Public IPs = ICANN globally manages these Public Routable IP ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Five different groups under ICANN -ARIN, LACNIC, AFNIC, APNIC and RIPE NCC ARIN - for North America LACNIC - for Latin America AFNIC - for Africa APNIC - for Asia and Pacific Region RIPE NCC - for Europe These are the groups that handle on behalf of ICANN on these Regions. You want Public IP for a WebServer? Must BUY it. ICANN leases the Public IP out Since I'm in America. I go to ARIN. Right? Not Exactly ARIN won't sell a single IP. Unless you want a BLOCK of IP. ARIN sells a chuck of IP to VERIZON (IPS) We buys PUBLIC IP from VERIZON (IPS) Again, Public IP's must be purchased before use through your IPS You can get it in BLOCK from ICANN or in chunks from IPS (who gets from ICANN)

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Specialized IPs -LoopBack address -APIPA -LoopBack address (127.x.x.x range) -Address Refers to the Device ITSELF. -For Testing Network appliances. -Test why and how? Does my device/NIC SEND and RECEIVE packets ? -Checks the connection line pretty much. 127.0.0.1 = most commonly used Loopback IP. -APIPA (Automatic Private IP addressing) 169.254.x.x -dynamically assigned by OS when DHCP is down. -DHCP is Unavailable so computer OS assigns APIPA -So DORA is used in Dynamic IP finding. -Something wrong in DORA process (discover, offer, request, ack). Then APIPA is assigned. Why? To avoid System CRASH. Eg: You can't get to Internet. What can you do? Run "ipconfig" or "ifconfig" IPv4 address = 169.254.x.x ?? That tells you its a DHCP problem!! Solution - check DHCP server

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ICANN has 5 regions where it sells Public Routable IP.

tRUE

ICANN sells its public routable IP to IPS and customer get it from ICANN or IPS.

true

Private IP address = Non-routable IP for LAN only

true