ISDS 351 PM CH 5

Project managers often use the ____ approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

bottom-up

The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ____________________.

scope baseline

Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the ____________________.

WBS

A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.

WBS dictionary

Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement. a. True b. False

True

Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs. a. True b. False

True

Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format. a. True b. False

True

The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced. a. True b. False

True

The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS. a. True b. False

True

The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project. a. True b. False

True

The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps. a. True b. False

True

You can only enter duration estimates for work packages. a. True b. False

True

____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. a. Prototyping c. RAD b. JAD d. Use case modeling

Use case modeling

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance. a. Decomposition b. Variance c. Scope validation d. Scope creep

Variance

____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. a. Collecting requirements c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Collecting requirements

____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Controlling scope

____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Defining scope

A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart. a. True b. False

False

A project team always organizes the WBS around project products. a. True b. False

False

A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver. a. True b. False

False

The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project. a. True b. False

False

The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects. a. True b. False

False

In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level ____. a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 3

1

In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level ____. a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 3

2

____________________ can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach.

Mind mapping

_____ includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project.

Project scope management

_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. a. Prototyping b. Variance c. Decomposition d. Use case modeling

Prototyping

_____ refer to "conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification."

Requirements

_____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

Scope

____________________ involves controlling changes to the project scope.

Scope control

____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. a. Scope verification c. Scope control b. Scope planning d. Scope definition

Scope verification

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. a. True b. False

True

If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS. a. True b. False

True

Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope. a. True b. False

True

Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change. a. True b. False

True

Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project. a. True b. False

True

Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects. a. True b. False

True

Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. a. True b. False

True

____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Verifying scope

Creating the ____________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.

WBS

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. a. top-down approach c. mind-mapping approach b. bottom-up approach d. analogy approach

analogy approach

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. a. variance b. benchmarking c. prototyping d. decomposition

benchmarking

In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

bottom-up

The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

bottom-up

The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. a. conglomeration b. accumulation c. decomposition d. catalyzation

decomposition

The term ____ describes a product produced as part of a project. a. end-product c. deliverable b. scope d. outcome

deliverable

The ____ tasks vary the most from project to project. a. closing c. planning b. monitoring and controlling d. executing

executing

There are ____ main processes involved in project scope management. a. three c. five b. four d. six

five

If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.

guidelines

Some organizations prescribe the form and content for WBSs for particular projects. These are known as _____.

guidelines

The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.

inspection

A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS.

lowest

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. a. planning b. monitoring and controlling c. closing d. executing

planning

The main outputs of scope definition are the ____________________ and project document updates.

project scope statement

The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed. a. requirements traceability matrix b. requirements management plan c. WBS d. project scope statement

requirements management plan

The goal of ____ is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur. a. scope verification c. scope planning b. scope control d. scope definition

scope control

The project scope statement should reference ____________________, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

supporting documents

PMI uses the term "___________________" to describe each level of work in the WBS.

task

Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using

the top-down or bottom-up approach

Scope refers to: a. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. b. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS. d. a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

top-down

A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.

up-to-date

The main outputs of ____ are accepted deliverables and change requests. a. planning scope c. defining scope b. controlling scope d. verifying scope

verifying scope

A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. a. project charter c. project scope statement b. business case d. work breakdown structure

work breakdown structure

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. a. variance b. objective c. deliverable d. work package

work package

The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project. a. True b. False

False

The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes. a. True b. False

False

The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning. a. True b. False

False

A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls. a. True b. False

True

The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors. a. True b. False

False

The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start. a. True b. False

False

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? a. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it. b. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. c. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. d. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it.

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work. a. True b. False

False

Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software. a. True b. False

False

Given the project management software that is available, it is relatively easy to create a good WBS. a. True b. False

False

Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables. a. True b. False

False

The WBS is organized solely around project phases. a. True b. False

False

____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. a. Prototyping c. RAD b. JAD d. Use case modeling

JAD

The ____ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

bottom-up

After discovering WBS items and structure using the ____ technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

mind mapping

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping

mind mapping

Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.

project charter

Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ____________________.

project scope management

An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope. a. scope management plan c. WBS b. project scope statement d. decomposition

project scope statement

A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed. a. requirements traceability matrix b. Gantt chart c. state transition table d. entity-attribute-value model

requirements traceability matrix

Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects. a. scope c. cost b. time d. technical

scope

Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aides in communicating clear work responsibilities. a. scope planning c. scope definition b. scope management d. scope verification

scope definition

The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.

scope definition

The ____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. a. project charter c. WBS b. scope statement d. Gantt chart

scope statement

Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with ____. a. goals c. responsibilities b. objectives d. specifications

specifications

Tasks in a WBS that are decomposed into smaller tasks are called _____ tasks.

summary