ISDS 351 PM CH 5
Project managers often use the ____ approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping
bottom-up
The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ____________________.
scope baseline
Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the ____________________.
WBS
A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.
WBS dictionary
Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement. a. True b. False
True
Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs. a. True b. False
True
Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format. a. True b. False
True
The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced. a. True b. False
True
The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS. a. True b. False
True
The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project. a. True b. False
True
The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps. a. True b. False
True
You can only enter duration estimates for work packages. a. True b. False
True
____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. a. Prototyping c. RAD b. JAD d. Use case modeling
Use case modeling
_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance. a. Decomposition b. Variance c. Scope validation d. Scope creep
Variance
____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. a. Collecting requirements c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope
Collecting requirements
____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope
Controlling scope
____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope
Defining scope
A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart. a. True b. False
False
A project team always organizes the WBS around project products. a. True b. False
False
A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver. a. True b. False
False
The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project. a. True b. False
False
The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects. a. True b. False
False
In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level ____. a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 3
1
In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level ____. a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 3
2
____________________ can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach.
Mind mapping
_____ includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project.
Project scope management
_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. a. Prototyping b. Variance c. Decomposition d. Use case modeling
Prototyping
_____ refer to "conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification."
Requirements
_____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
Scope
____________________ involves controlling changes to the project scope.
Scope control
____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. a. Scope verification c. Scope control b. Scope planning d. Scope definition
Scope verification
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. a. True b. False
True
If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS. a. True b. False
True
Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope. a. True b. False
True
Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change. a. True b. False
True
Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project. a. True b. False
True
Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects. a. True b. False
True
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. a. True b. False
True
____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope
Verifying scope
Creating the ____________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
WBS
In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. a. top-down approach c. mind-mapping approach b. bottom-up approach d. analogy approach
analogy approach
Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. a. variance b. benchmarking c. prototyping d. decomposition
benchmarking
In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping
bottom-up
The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping
bottom-up
The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. a. conglomeration b. accumulation c. decomposition d. catalyzation
decomposition
The term ____ describes a product produced as part of a project. a. end-product c. deliverable b. scope d. outcome
deliverable
The ____ tasks vary the most from project to project. a. closing c. planning b. monitoring and controlling d. executing
executing
There are ____ main processes involved in project scope management. a. three c. five b. four d. six
five
If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.
guidelines
Some organizations prescribe the form and content for WBSs for particular projects. These are known as _____.
guidelines
The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.
inspection
A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS.
lowest
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. a. planning b. monitoring and controlling c. closing d. executing
planning
The main outputs of scope definition are the ____________________ and project document updates.
project scope statement
The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed. a. requirements traceability matrix b. requirements management plan c. WBS d. project scope statement
requirements management plan
The goal of ____ is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur. a. scope verification c. scope planning b. scope control d. scope definition
scope control
The project scope statement should reference ____________________, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.
supporting documents
PMI uses the term "___________________" to describe each level of work in the WBS.
task
Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using
the top-down or bottom-up approach
Scope refers to: a. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. b. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS. d. a task at the lowest level of the WBS.
the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping
top-down
A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.
up-to-date
The main outputs of ____ are accepted deliverables and change requests. a. planning scope c. defining scope b. controlling scope d. verifying scope
verifying scope
A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. a. project charter c. project scope statement b. business case d. work breakdown structure
work breakdown structure
A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. a. variance b. objective c. deliverable d. work package
work package
The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project. a. True b. False
False
The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes. a. True b. False
False
The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning. a. True b. False
False
A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls. a. True b. False
True
The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors. a. True b. False
False
The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start. a. True b. False
False
Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? a. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it. b. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. c. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. d. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it.
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work. a. True b. False
False
Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software. a. True b. False
False
Given the project management software that is available, it is relatively easy to create a good WBS. a. True b. False
False
Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables. a. True b. False
False
The WBS is organized solely around project phases. a. True b. False
False
____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. a. Prototyping c. RAD b. JAD d. Use case modeling
JAD
The ____ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping
bottom-up
After discovering WBS items and structure using the ____ technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping
mind mapping
The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. a. analogy b. bottom-up c. top-down d. mind mapping
mind mapping
Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.
project charter
Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ____________________.
project scope management
An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope. a. scope management plan c. WBS b. project scope statement d. decomposition
project scope statement
A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed. a. requirements traceability matrix b. Gantt chart c. state transition table d. entity-attribute-value model
requirements traceability matrix
Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects. a. scope c. cost b. time d. technical
scope
Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aides in communicating clear work responsibilities. a. scope planning c. scope definition b. scope management d. scope verification
scope definition
The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.
scope definition
The ____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. a. project charter c. WBS b. scope statement d. Gantt chart
scope statement
Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with ____. a. goals c. responsibilities b. objectives d. specifications
specifications
Tasks in a WBS that are decomposed into smaller tasks are called _____ tasks.
summary