ISDS Ch 3 (test 1)

complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts and responsible for converting input data into meaningful output data

Central processing unit (CPU)

storing electronic files on the internet, not on a computer. store files remotely on servers that can be anywhere in the world. only requires mobile device with an internet connection! with this, you might not require as much storage on your computer bc you can store files remotely

Cloud Storage

type of RAM: memory needs to be constantly recharged or contents will be erased. VOLATILE

DRAM (dynamic)

type of RAM: fast type of memory; less expensive; can retain its contents in absence of power. NONVOLATILE

Flash Memory

greater storage capacity and cheaper, but have several moving parts so you shouldnt move the computer when in use hard drive with no moving parts, faster, more durable. used on mobile devices like laptops/tablets

HDD (magnetic hard disk drive) SSD (solid state drive)

type of RAM: memory uses magnetic charges to store contents, and can retain its contents in absence of power. NONVOLATILE

MRAM (magnetoresistive)

small, lightweight printer that is built into or attached to mobile device large printer that uses charged wires to produce high quality for professional applications like blueprints; plotters draw continuous lines or large rolls of paper creates objects based on computer models using special plastics

Mobile printer Plotter 3D printer

as you run more apps, more ____ is required. if your CP runs low on this, it may need to swap contents to and from hard drive

RAM

memory stored on one or more chips connected to the main circuit board of the computer (aka motherboard) and temporarily stores data by the operating system and apps memory loses its contents of this when _____ is removed and is considered _____

RAM (random access memory) power; volatile

memory permanently installed on computer and attached to motherboard.

ROM (read only memory)

type of RAM: memory can be recharged less frequently than DRAM, but more expensive. VOLATILE

SRAM (static)

what can be used to maintain .....something

UPS or surge processor

processors with more cores perform ____ and are more _____

better; expensive

number system that has two digits, 1 and 0 0 indicates ____ of electronic charge, 1 indicates _______ of electronic charge

binary system absence; presence

smallest unit of data a computer can process

bit (short for binary digit) each 0 or 1 is a bit...when 8 are grouped, its a byte

data travels in and out of the CPU through these embedded wires

bus

determines the speed at which data travels

bus width

what are the components of a computer?

central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices

measures the speed at which the processor can execute instructions. can be measured in MHz or GHz

clock speed

what can affect a computers performance?

clock speed, bus width, benchmark

manages the flow of instructions within the processor responsible for performing arithmetic operations what are the 4 steps in this machine cycle?

control unit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) fetching, decoding, executing, storing

fetching and decoding instructions are performed by ______, while executing and storing are done by ____

control unit; ALU

if stored on internal hard drive, you cannot access a file from a different computer unless you _______

copy file to the other computer by using an external hard drive, USB, or email it

what devices are used to transfer data from one computer to another?

external hard drive and optical media

if you want to completely back up computer, you store contents on ________ if you want to move several files from one computer to another, use ______ to store a movie, use _____

external hard drive or the cloud USB flash drive DVD or optical disc

can add storage capacity to your computer, housed in separate case, and connect to computer using USB cable. can be transported from one computer to another if saved on this

external hard drives

what can store videos?

hard drive (external hard drives store the most data)

prints by spraying small dots of colored ink onto paper uses a laser beam and toner to print onto paper aka all-in-one; can copy and scan but also be output and fax and print

ink-jet printer laser printer multifunction device (MFD)

communicates instructions and commands to a computer

input device ex: keyboard, touchscreen, mouse, stylus, scanner, webcam, microphone, game controller

the operating system is located where on a computer?

internal hard drive

what is the most common storage medium?

internal hard drive

like internal hard drives, external hard drives can use _______ or ______ technology

magnetic or solid state

how do hard drives store data?

magnetically or solid state

includes CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs but their use as storage media is declining instead of these, many people use USB, external hard drives and cloud to transport files

optical media

conveys info from computer to the user

output device ex: display, speaker, headphone, projectors, printers

refers to the software or operating system. when 2 computers use the same ____, it is easier to transfer files between computers

platform

devices begin functioning properly as soon as you connect them to computer some devices require you manually install this special software, a program that controls a device attached to your computer (printer, monitor)

plug and play device driver

before performing hardware maintenance, you should:

properly turn off the computer and remove it from its power source

when computers run low on available hard drive space, performance _____ if you can't free enough space,

quickly deteriorates delete files, purchase additional internal/ external hard drive

if performing hardware maintenance on a laptop:

remove the battery if possible

if programs and apps not starting properly, error messages, or slow performance, you should:

restore the operating system. BEFORE you do this, copy all personal files to a separate storage device like USB or external hard drive!!!

when you restore an operating system, you are:

reverting all settings back to default

when should a user consider restoring the operating system?

when programs or apps do not start properly or when system slows down