ISDS Ch 3 (test 1)
complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts and responsible for converting input data into meaningful output data
Central processing unit (CPU)
storing electronic files on the internet, not on a computer. store files remotely on servers that can be anywhere in the world. only requires mobile device with an internet connection! with this, you might not require as much storage on your computer bc you can store files remotely
Cloud Storage
type of RAM: memory needs to be constantly recharged or contents will be erased. VOLATILE
DRAM (dynamic)
type of RAM: fast type of memory; less expensive; can retain its contents in absence of power. NONVOLATILE
Flash Memory
greater storage capacity and cheaper, but have several moving parts so you shouldnt move the computer when in use hard drive with no moving parts, faster, more durable. used on mobile devices like laptops/tablets
HDD (magnetic hard disk drive) SSD (solid state drive)
type of RAM: memory uses magnetic charges to store contents, and can retain its contents in absence of power. NONVOLATILE
MRAM (magnetoresistive)
small, lightweight printer that is built into or attached to mobile device large printer that uses charged wires to produce high quality for professional applications like blueprints; plotters draw continuous lines or large rolls of paper creates objects based on computer models using special plastics
Mobile printer Plotter 3D printer
as you run more apps, more ____ is required. if your CP runs low on this, it may need to swap contents to and from hard drive
RAM
memory stored on one or more chips connected to the main circuit board of the computer (aka motherboard) and temporarily stores data by the operating system and apps memory loses its contents of this when _____ is removed and is considered _____
RAM (random access memory) power; volatile
memory permanently installed on computer and attached to motherboard.
ROM (read only memory)
type of RAM: memory can be recharged less frequently than DRAM, but more expensive. VOLATILE
SRAM (static)
what can be used to maintain .....something
UPS or surge processor
processors with more cores perform ____ and are more _____
better; expensive
number system that has two digits, 1 and 0 0 indicates ____ of electronic charge, 1 indicates _______ of electronic charge
binary system absence; presence
smallest unit of data a computer can process
bit (short for binary digit) each 0 or 1 is a bit...when 8 are grouped, its a byte
data travels in and out of the CPU through these embedded wires
bus
determines the speed at which data travels
bus width
what are the components of a computer?
central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices
measures the speed at which the processor can execute instructions. can be measured in MHz or GHz
clock speed
what can affect a computers performance?
clock speed, bus width, benchmark
manages the flow of instructions within the processor responsible for performing arithmetic operations what are the 4 steps in this machine cycle?
control unit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) fetching, decoding, executing, storing
fetching and decoding instructions are performed by ______, while executing and storing are done by ____
control unit; ALU
if stored on internal hard drive, you cannot access a file from a different computer unless you _______
copy file to the other computer by using an external hard drive, USB, or email it
what devices are used to transfer data from one computer to another?
external hard drive and optical media
if you want to completely back up computer, you store contents on ________ if you want to move several files from one computer to another, use ______ to store a movie, use _____
external hard drive or the cloud USB flash drive DVD or optical disc
can add storage capacity to your computer, housed in separate case, and connect to computer using USB cable. can be transported from one computer to another if saved on this
external hard drives
what can store videos?
hard drive (external hard drives store the most data)
prints by spraying small dots of colored ink onto paper uses a laser beam and toner to print onto paper aka all-in-one; can copy and scan but also be output and fax and print
ink-jet printer laser printer multifunction device (MFD)
communicates instructions and commands to a computer
input device ex: keyboard, touchscreen, mouse, stylus, scanner, webcam, microphone, game controller
the operating system is located where on a computer?
internal hard drive
what is the most common storage medium?
internal hard drive
like internal hard drives, external hard drives can use _______ or ______ technology
magnetic or solid state
how do hard drives store data?
magnetically or solid state
includes CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs but their use as storage media is declining instead of these, many people use USB, external hard drives and cloud to transport files
optical media
conveys info from computer to the user
output device ex: display, speaker, headphone, projectors, printers
refers to the software or operating system. when 2 computers use the same ____, it is easier to transfer files between computers
platform
devices begin functioning properly as soon as you connect them to computer some devices require you manually install this special software, a program that controls a device attached to your computer (printer, monitor)
plug and play device driver
before performing hardware maintenance, you should:
properly turn off the computer and remove it from its power source
when computers run low on available hard drive space, performance _____ if you can't free enough space,
quickly deteriorates delete files, purchase additional internal/ external hard drive
if performing hardware maintenance on a laptop:
remove the battery if possible
if programs and apps not starting properly, error messages, or slow performance, you should:
restore the operating system. BEFORE you do this, copy all personal files to a separate storage device like USB or external hard drive!!!
when you restore an operating system, you are:
reverting all settings back to default
when should a user consider restoring the operating system?
when programs or apps do not start properly or when system slows down