IV Solutions Quiz wk 6

A client involved in a motor vehicle crash presents to the emergency department with severe internal bleeding. The client is severely hypotensive and unresponsive. The nurse anticipates that which intravenous (IV) solution will most likely be prescribed to increase intravascular volume, replace immediate blood loss volume, and increase blood pressure?

5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's

Isotonic solutions

Have the same osmolarity as body fluids

5% Dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride (normal saline) ; (D5W/1/2NS) are considered what type of intravenous solution?

Hypertonic

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Colloid

Iso- (A) Increases extracellular fluid volume (lactated ringers and 0.9% normal saline) Hypo- (B) Cause the movement of water into cells by osmosis, rehydrates cells, should be administered slowly to prevent cellular edema ( 0.45% Normal Saline) Hyper- (C) Are more concentrated solutions and have a higher osmolality than body fluids, cause movement of water from cells into the extracellular fluid by osmosis (10% dextrose in water, 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium) Colloid- (D) Increase the vascular volume rapidly, such as in hemorrhage or severe hypovolemia, pull excess fluid from the cells and surrounding tissue into the blood stream. Prescribed for clients who are bleeding when blood products are not immediately available.

Lactated Ringer's(LR) is a

Isotonic solution

The nurse would clarify an order for a hypotonic solution prescribed for which of the following clients? Select all that apply.

Post-neurosurgery Increased intracranial pressure from a stroke Head trauma Serum sodium level of 137

Colloids

Pull fluid from the interstitial compartment into the vascular compartment

The nurse would clarify a prescription for 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium (D5NS) in which of the following client diagnoses?

diabetic ketoacidosis

Hypotonic solutions cause what type of fluid movement in the cells?

in to the cell

When capillary blood pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure:

water and diffusible solutes leave the capillaries and circulate into the ISF