John F. Kennedy + Nonfiction Study Guide
What was JFK's most famous quote?
"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."
What is an example of a rhetorical question?
"Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind?"
What two quotes show ethos (credibility) in JFK's inaugural address?
"For i have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath pour forebears prescribed." "I do not shrink from this responsibility."
What quote shows logos (reason/facts) in JFK's inaugural address?
"In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course."
What is an example of chiasmus?
"Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate."
What is an example of hortative sentence?
"So let us begin anew... let both sides explore what problems unite us... let both sides seek to invoke the wonder of science... let both sides unite to heed."
What is an example of antithesis?
"Symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning- signifying renewal, as well as change." (More than one possibility)
What is an example of allusion?
"The command of Isaiah- to undo the heavy burdens, and let the oppressed go free." (Biblical reference to Isaiah)
What is an example of anaphora?
"To those old allies... to those new states... to those people in huts."
What is an example of asyndeton?
"We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty."
When was JFK elected to the House of Representatives?
1946
When was JFK elected senator of Massachusetts?
1952
When was JFK elected for president?
1960
What number president was JFK?
35
How old was JFK when he was elected into office?
43
Nonfiction
A factual account of a person, place, or event
Rhetorical question
A question to which no answer is expected
Tone
A writer's attitude toward his or her subject
Who had the shortest inaugural address?
Abraham Lincoln (650)
Allusion
An indirect reference to any person, place, or thing
What types of nonfiction inform?
Articles, reference books, historical essays, and research papers
Where and when did JFK die?
Assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963
What major events were taking place during JFK's presidency?
Bay of Pigs Invasion The Cuban Missile Crisis The building of the Berlin Wall The Space Race The American Civil Rights Movement Early events of the Vietnam War
What types of nonfiction entertain?
Biographies, autobiographies, memoirs, and travel narratives
What are some types of nonfiction?
Biographies, autobiographies/memoirs, letters, journals/diaries, essays, informational texts (textbooks), speeches, and interviews (magazines and newspapers)
What was JFK's background like?
Came of an Irish family Graduated from Harvard Veteran of WWII Established writer and author of a book
How was JFK's inaugural address heard?
Capitol Hill in Washington D.C Television Radio
What three things was JFK the first of?
Catholic president Youngest president Youngest president to die
Antithesis
Contrast (different) or opposition (to go against) which is emphasized by parallelism (structured with balance of similar endings and phrases/rhythm)
What were some challenges and goals JFK had to face?
Demonstrated that negotiations were a civil process towards reaching goals Not looking at differences but focusing on solving common problems Discusses nuclear regulatory committees (keeping weapons in check) Challenges freedom throughout the world for all individuals
How did JFK incorporate pathos in his inaugural address?
Discussed the great power and destruction we humans have as well as our ability to solve problems (paragraph 3) Soldier Union is wasting both time and money creating weapons which will destroy life (paragraph 5) Americans have a call to service, the future depends on it (paragraph 1) Americans must protect the nation from war and battles Not every generation has such opportunity to serve their nation (paragraph 4)
What rhetorical appeal does an inaugural address use?
Epideictic- focusing on values and beliefs
Hortative sentence
Exhorts (strongly convince), advises, and calls to action
Author's style
Features of a writer's use of language, such as rhythm, language, and methods of organization
What are some good elements for an inaugural address?
Focusing on the present but contemplating the past and future Including simple diction Describes the presidents vision for a country
What was the main purpose of JFK's inaugural address?
Introduce tactics for his presidency Try to improve relations with the Soviet Union Address and stop the development of nuclear weapons Address and stop the spread of communism Gain respect and support from the nation Motivate Americans to defend freedom and democracy Promote patriotism and attempt to get international support
Which is the most represented appeal in JFK's inaugural address?
Pathos
How did JFK incorporate logos into his inaugural address?
Preserving freedom by uniting all free nations (paragraph 7 and 8) Will provide freedom to developing nations to prevent the spread of communism (paragraph 7 and 8) Message to USSR- we need to preserve peace (paragraph 4)
Fiction
Prose writing that tells about characters and events from the author's imagination
Anaphora
Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of the line
How did JFK incorporate ethos into his inaugural address?
Respectfully acknowledged both the wealthy as well as the average citizens (within the first paragraph) Spoke of the oath he has taken comparing it to the ones taken by our forefathers (within the second paragraph) Promises the world that he will do whatever it takes to help each nation achieve a high level of freedom (within paragraph 5 & 6)
What are the characteristics of an inaugural address?
Seeks to unify a country after an election, spoken during a ceremonial occasion, and symbolizes a transition/change in the life of a country
What is the average length of an inaugural address?
Short in length- more or less around 2,500 words
What types of nonfiction persuade?
Speeches and editorials
What two different perspectives does an autobiography reflect?
That of the writer as he or she experiences events That of the writer looking back on these events years later
What P.O.V. is nonfiction narrated from?
The author
Memoir
The author reflects on a personal moment in his/her life and how it has affected him/her (1st person point of view)
Author's perspective
The lens through which a writer views a subject Made up of the writer's ideas, values, feelings, and beliefs
Asyndeton
The omission of conjunctions where they would normally be used (to create more of an impact using fewer words: to the point)
Mood
The overall feeling that the work evokes on the reader
Chiasmus
The second half of a phrase reverses the order of the first half
Biography
The true story of a person's life, told by another person (3rd person point of view) Presents information about a person's life experiences from a variety of sources, based on research
Autobiography
The true story of a person's life, told by that person (1st person point of view) Presents the person's own thoughts about his or her life experiences
Who was the audience of JFK's inaugural address?
USSR/Russian government United States Predecessors The World Communists
What theme does an inaugural address carry?
Unifying
Who had the longest inaugural address?
William Henry Harrison (8,460)
