KARCH Chapter: Chapter 50: Introduction to the Renal System Prep U

Which of the following are key roles of the kidney? Select all that apply. a) Exchanging gases b) Regulating body fluid volume c) Releasing norpepinephrine d) Balancing acids/bases e) Maintaining blood pressure

• Regulating body fluid volume • Maintaining blood pressure • Balancing acids/bases

When describing the process of tubular reabsorption, which substances would the instructor include as being reabsorbed regularly? Select all that apply. a) Lipids b) Sodium bicarbonate c) Vitamins d) Water e) Glucose f) Proteins

• Water • Vitamins • Glucose • Sodium bicarbonate

Within the kidney, the process of filtration takes place in the: a) glomerulus b) ascending tubule c) calyx d) nephron loop

glomerulus

The tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder is the: a) ureter b) seminal vesicle c) renal pelvis d) urethra

ureter

Which of the following are regions of the kidney? Select all that apply. a) Renal pelvis b) Glomerulus c) Cortex d) Medulla e) Nephron

• Medulla • Cortex • Renal pelvis

The kidneys receive approximately what percentage of cardiac output? a) 10% b) 35% c) 5% d) 25%

25%

What percentage of the total number of nephrons is estimated to be necessary to maintain healthy renal function? a) 25% b) 50% c) 100% d) 75%

25%

Which of the following is the strongest influence on potassium loss in the kidney? a) Angiotensin b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c) Aldosterone d) Renin

Aldosterone

When a patient develops renal failure and the production of erythropoietin drops, the patient will develop which of the following? a) Diabetes b) Hypertension c) Anemia d) Leukemia

Anemia

Where is the majority of potassium that is filtered at the glomerulus reabsorbed? a) Distal convoluted tubule b) Ascending loop of Henle c) Bowman's capsule d) Descending loop of Henle

Bowman's capsule

The absorption of which electrolyte from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is regulated by vitamin D ingested as part of the diet? a) Magnesium b) Sodium c) Potassium d) Calcium

Calcium

When explaining the underlying mechanisms associated with renal failure, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind? a) Nephron damage is not associated with the development of signs and symptoms. b) Extensive kidney damage has usually occurred by the time the patient is symptomatic. c) Manifestations occur when a small number of nephrons become nonfunctional. d) Renal failure typically involves some injury to the protective layers of the kidneys.

Extensive kidney damage has usually occurred by the time the patient is symptomatic.

Erythropoietin is released from the glomerulus. a) False b) True

False

Which of the following is the process in which there is the passage of fluid through the glomerulus into the nephron tubule? a) Perfusion b) Osmosis c) Secretion d) Filtration

Filtration

After teaching a group of students about the renal system, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following? a) Blood pressure regulation is a primary function of the system. b) The urinary tract is separate from the kidneys. c) It includes the kidneys, which have two protective layers. d) Most fluid that is filtered by the kidneys is returned to the body.

Most fluid that is filtered by the kidneys is returned to the body.

Which of the following is the functional unit of the kidney? a) Renal capsule b) Loop of Henle c) Glomerulus d) Nephron

Nephron

Which substance stimulates the reabsorption of calcium in the distal convoluted tubule? a) Aldosterone b) Parathyroid hormone c) Antidiuretic hormone d) Vitamin D

Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following structures in the male reproductive system is responsible for maintaining sperm and lubricating the urinary tract? a) Prostate gland b) Urethra c) Ureters d) Bladder

Prostate gland

A nurse is describing the renal system to a client with a kidney disorder. Which structure would the nurse identify as emptying into the ureters? a) Renal pelvis b) Parenchyma c) Glomerulus d) Nephron

Renal pelvis

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus? a) Aldosterone b) Calcitonin c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) d) Renin

Renin

Which of the following is released in response to a decrease in blood flow to the nephron? a) Renin b) Aldosterone c) Calcium d) Angiotensinogen

Renin

Which electrolyte filters through the glomerulus and enters the renal tubule? a) Sodium b) Calcium c) Potassium d) Magnesium

Sodium

After reviewing the structure of the kidneys, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following? a) The renal arteries come directly off the iliac artery. b) Erythropoietin is produced in the glomerulus. c) The medullary nephrons are able to concentrate or dilute urine. d) The renal medulla drains the urine into the ureters.

The medullary nephrons are able to concentrate or dilute urine.

Which of the following best describes the structure of the kidneys? a) The glomerulus produces erythropoietin. b) The renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters. c) The cortical nephrons concentrate urine. d) The renal arteries arise from the renal cortex.

The renal pelvises drain urine into the ureters.

A nurse is describing the reasons why more women than men are affected by cystitis. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a major reason? a) "A woman's bladder stretches to accommodate more urine." b) "The urethra exits into an area rich in gram-negative bacteria." c) "The urethra doesn't have the protection of the prostate gland." d) "A woman's urine has a tendency to be more alkaline."

The urethra exits into an area rich in gram-negative bacteria."

Aldosterone acts on the renal tubules to retain sodium and water. a) True b) False

True

The countercurrent mechanism occurs in the loop of Henle. a) False b) True

True

The pituitary hormone that causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys is: a) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) b) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c) prolactin (PRL) d) oxytocin

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of these ions plays an important role in pH homeostasis? a) chloride b) potassium c) sodium d) bicarbonate

bicarbonate

When the kidneys notice that they're not getting enough oxygen, what substance do they produce to stimulate red blood cell production? a) JGR b) renin c) ANP d) erythropoietin

erythropoietin

The basic working unit of the kidney is the: a) glomerulus b) renal pelvis c) nephron d) calyx

nephron