Key Issue 3.4: Why do Migrants Face Challenges?

What requirements must a migrant have to emigrate & immigrate?

A passport is required to leave a country & a visa is required to enter a country.

Define a quota.

A restriction on how many immigrants are allowed into a country (for a certain period of time).

Describe aggressive attitudes toward immigrants in Europe.

Anti-immigration parties accuse immigrants for committing crimes, not applying for jobs, or raise welfare costs. These parties fear divergence/differences in immigrants for foreign religion, language, meals, or other cultural habits.

Define brain drain.

Brain drain is an exodus of talented emigrants.

Describe unauthorized immigrants.

Immigrants entering countries without proper documents immigrate illegally.

Describe guest workers.

Immigrants from poorer countries can temporarily migrate to apply for jobs. This is an example of circular migration; temporary migration between home & employment host countries to find employment. These programs are extinct (don't exist anymore).

What role do immigrants have in Europe?

Immigrants take low-status/skill jobs that residents would otherwise refuse to participate in working.

What are the pros & cons of offering a path to legal status?

Pros: -Impractical: For law enforcement to find all 11 million immigrants would be impossible. -Economy: Jobs are important as if immigrants are stripped from their jobs, several thousand, if not, hundreds of thousands of jobs would be lost, a major blow to the US. -Agents: Border security has doubled since the 21st century. -Productiveness/Obedience: Immigrants are productive & obey the US laws. Cons: -Incorrect Message: Crossing the US border without immigrant documents is illegal. This is a message sent to people obedient to the law that is wrong. -Encouragement: Illegal immigrants are encouraged by rewards to illegal immigrants. -Poor security: The US border is not secure enough to keep out immigrants.

Which policy for immigration is being used by the majority of countries in the world? For emigration?

The majority of countries are using policy 3 from the list above for immigrants. The majority of countries have no policy on emigration.

What is chain migration?

The migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Give 2 reasons visas are granted.

Two reasons for visas are for certain job opportunities & family reunifications.

List some issues with the US-Mexico border & immigration policies.

-Paying for a more secure border would be difficult. People don't want to see more fences. Deportation was one of several choices of enforcing border security. -Most Americans know that some people don't want certain jobs that immigrants want. -If law enforcement is encouraged to root out unauthorized immigrants, Americans fear the violation of not only the immigrants' civil rights, but possibly mistake someone to be deported as a US citizen. -While most Americans don't want to use law enforcement to root out unauthorized immigrants, residents near the US-Mexico border want more enforcement of authorized immigrants.

Describe the 4 immigration policies.

1. Maintain the quota. Quota is the limit of immigrants. 2. Increase the quota. 3. Reduce the quota. 4. Apply no policy.

Of 81 countries, how many want reunification of families? How many want more skilled workers?

14 countries encourage family unification. The other 67 want more skilled workers.