kin 201

eta squared range

>.01 small >.06 medium >.14

correlation coefficient range

>.1 small >.3 medium >.5 large

Cohen's d range

>.15 small >.40 medium >.75 large

The abstract for a study should be

Be a concise summary of the study

Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = -.27; test B, r = .90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is

Test B

T/F Reliable measurement can only do so much. The research process is not perfect

True

T/F To say that two items are correlated is the say as to say that one causes the other

False

In the instruments part of the methods section, the author should include a description of the

Test characteristics of validity and reliability

You are interested in finding the association between older adults' mobility and their likelihood of being physically active

correlation

Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency

range

independent samples t-test

2 independent (categorical) one occasion; one treatment; 2 groups

In a one-way ANOVA, the independent variable should be

categorical with three or more groups

paired samples t-test

2 time points one group; 2 times

Observing the world around you and using your observations to formulate new ideas

Empiricism

Research is important for all of the following reasons, except which one:

Presents the only legitimate system for formulating beliefs

Which of the following is not an important purpose for reviewing the literature?

Recruiting participants

T/F In a one-way ANOVA, the dependent variable should be continuous

True

You are interested in determining how effectively cariorespiratory endurance can predict performance in a one-mile run test

simple linear regression

For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between

24 and 36

repeated measures ANOVA

3 or more time points (before, during, after) same group

In an independent-samples t-test, you should have

A categorical independent variable and a continuious dependent variable

Accepting new ideas because a leader told you that those ideas are best

Authority

four components of the scientific method into order from beginning to end

Define the problem for the study using the literature Formulate hypotheses or ask questions stemming from the literature Gather data to test the hypotheses or answer the questions developed Analyze the data and draw conclusions based on the results

The term used to describe the reliance on your gut feeling when solving a problem is

Intuition

It is desirable to carry out a pilot study prior to the actual research study because

It permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures

Which of the following is not a key area of scientific dishonesty

Making a mistake in reporting the results of a test statiistic

The introduction to a research report should

Move from a general description of the theoretical problem to the specific area to be studied

Premises are stated and logical rules are followed to arrive at conclusions by reasoning through possible answers

Rationalism

A researcher predicts that there will be a positive relationship between attitude scores and grade point average. This is an example of a:

Research Hypothesis

Which of the following is not a characteristic of research

Researcher make decisions based on what they think the reader will want to hear

A form of systematic empiricism that involves collecting and evaluating evidence

Scientific Method

When a researcher states that a result is significant, this means that

The result is unlikely to be a chance occurrence

T/F Inductive reasoning begins with observations that are sued to formulate and test hypotheses

True

Compared to applied research, basic research

Usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory

In a study designed to assess the comparative effectiveness of two workbooks used in teaching students about laboratory procedures, the independent variable of the study would be

Workbooks

Fabrication involves using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own

false

T/F A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates that they have a perfect association

false

T/F A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of the study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by a one-way ANOVA

false

T/F Approximately 75% of all scores will be captured within +/- 1 standard deviation around the mean

false

You want to know whether or not trained and untrained individuals differ on their perceptions of self-concept

independent samples t test

A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the

matched-pairs t-test

You want to examine the effects of age on participants' body mass index. Age was measured as a categorical variable with participants grouped as young, middle-aged, and older adults

one-way anova

You are interested in examining the effects of a training regiment on participants' body mass index and whether or not gains are maintained after the end of the training. You collect data before and after an intervention, and then again six weeks post-training.

repeated measures anova

Correlation

the association between two variables

You run a one-way ANOVA to determine if freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors differ in their satisfaction with college and get the following result, F(3,90) = 7.12, p = .009, eta-squared = .07. Which of the following would be the most appropriate interpretation

there is a significant difference between the 4 groups and the magnitude is medium

T/F A research hypothesis is a statement that is directly testable through research

true

T/F One reason for why research is neglected is that it is often full of jargon and difficult to understand

true

T/F Regression can be used to both predict outcomes using independent variables and to examine the significance of predictor variables

true

simple linear regression

using one variable to predict another y=mx+b

one way anova

3+groups one dependent variable; 3 groups or more; ONE OCCASION

T/F Deductive reasoning means that the researcher relies solely on one particular theory as the complete basis for a study without considering alternatives

False

For confidentiality, the researcher should

Inform the participants about the people who will have access to the data Remove names from data-collection instruments and replace them with a code Make certain no unauthorized individuals have access to the research data

Using your feelings or emotions to make decisions

Intuition

Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research

It can involve talking with or observing people to learn about their experiences in real-world settings

You test the correlation between fidelity to a physical activity intervention and cardiorespiratory gains and get the following results: r(75) = .69, p = .001. Which of the following do you conclude

The correlation is significant and of a large magnitude

You run an independent-samples t-test to examine the difference between men and women's cardiorespiratory performance and obtain the following result: t(75) = 1.11, p = .110. d = .17. Which of the following represents an appropriate interpretation:

The difference between the groups is not significant and is of a small magnitude

T/F Cohen's d can be used as a measure of effect for both independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs

false

T/F Validity is the extent to which two different people would get the same scores on a test

false

t/f The standard deviation represents the single score that best expresses the group's performance

false

You want to know whether or not a group discussion on the importance of a healthy lifestyle motivates participates to be active in the future. Data were collected before and after the intervention.

paired samples t test

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is

A hypothesis