kin 201
eta squared range
>.01 small >.06 medium >.14
correlation coefficient range
>.1 small >.3 medium >.5 large
Cohen's d range
>.15 small >.40 medium >.75 large
The abstract for a study should be
Be a concise summary of the study
Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = -.27; test B, r = .90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is
Test B
T/F Reliable measurement can only do so much. The research process is not perfect
True
T/F To say that two items are correlated is the say as to say that one causes the other
False
In the instruments part of the methods section, the author should include a description of the
Test characteristics of validity and reliability
You are interested in finding the association between older adults' mobility and their likelihood of being physically active
correlation
Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency
range
independent samples t-test
2 independent (categorical) one occasion; one treatment; 2 groups
In a one-way ANOVA, the independent variable should be
categorical with three or more groups
paired samples t-test
2 time points one group; 2 times
Observing the world around you and using your observations to formulate new ideas
Empiricism
Research is important for all of the following reasons, except which one:
Presents the only legitimate system for formulating beliefs
Which of the following is not an important purpose for reviewing the literature?
Recruiting participants
T/F In a one-way ANOVA, the dependent variable should be continuous
True
You are interested in determining how effectively cariorespiratory endurance can predict performance in a one-mile run test
simple linear regression
For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between
24 and 36
repeated measures ANOVA
3 or more time points (before, during, after) same group
In an independent-samples t-test, you should have
A categorical independent variable and a continuious dependent variable
Accepting new ideas because a leader told you that those ideas are best
Authority
four components of the scientific method into order from beginning to end
Define the problem for the study using the literature Formulate hypotheses or ask questions stemming from the literature Gather data to test the hypotheses or answer the questions developed Analyze the data and draw conclusions based on the results
The term used to describe the reliance on your gut feeling when solving a problem is
Intuition
It is desirable to carry out a pilot study prior to the actual research study because
It permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures
Which of the following is not a key area of scientific dishonesty
Making a mistake in reporting the results of a test statiistic
The introduction to a research report should
Move from a general description of the theoretical problem to the specific area to be studied
Premises are stated and logical rules are followed to arrive at conclusions by reasoning through possible answers
Rationalism
A researcher predicts that there will be a positive relationship between attitude scores and grade point average. This is an example of a:
Research Hypothesis
Which of the following is not a characteristic of research
Researcher make decisions based on what they think the reader will want to hear
A form of systematic empiricism that involves collecting and evaluating evidence
Scientific Method
When a researcher states that a result is significant, this means that
The result is unlikely to be a chance occurrence
T/F Inductive reasoning begins with observations that are sued to formulate and test hypotheses
True
Compared to applied research, basic research
Usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory
In a study designed to assess the comparative effectiveness of two workbooks used in teaching students about laboratory procedures, the independent variable of the study would be
Workbooks
Fabrication involves using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own
false
T/F A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates that they have a perfect association
false
T/F A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of the study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by a one-way ANOVA
false
T/F Approximately 75% of all scores will be captured within +/- 1 standard deviation around the mean
false
You want to know whether or not trained and untrained individuals differ on their perceptions of self-concept
independent samples t test
A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the
matched-pairs t-test
You want to examine the effects of age on participants' body mass index. Age was measured as a categorical variable with participants grouped as young, middle-aged, and older adults
one-way anova
You are interested in examining the effects of a training regiment on participants' body mass index and whether or not gains are maintained after the end of the training. You collect data before and after an intervention, and then again six weeks post-training.
repeated measures anova
Correlation
the association between two variables
You run a one-way ANOVA to determine if freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors differ in their satisfaction with college and get the following result, F(3,90) = 7.12, p = .009, eta-squared = .07. Which of the following would be the most appropriate interpretation
there is a significant difference between the 4 groups and the magnitude is medium
T/F A research hypothesis is a statement that is directly testable through research
true
T/F One reason for why research is neglected is that it is often full of jargon and difficult to understand
true
T/F Regression can be used to both predict outcomes using independent variables and to examine the significance of predictor variables
true
simple linear regression
using one variable to predict another y=mx+b
one way anova
3+groups one dependent variable; 3 groups or more; ONE OCCASION
T/F Deductive reasoning means that the researcher relies solely on one particular theory as the complete basis for a study without considering alternatives
False
For confidentiality, the researcher should
Inform the participants about the people who will have access to the data Remove names from data-collection instruments and replace them with a code Make certain no unauthorized individuals have access to the research data
Using your feelings or emotions to make decisions
Intuition
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research
It can involve talking with or observing people to learn about their experiences in real-world settings
You test the correlation between fidelity to a physical activity intervention and cardiorespiratory gains and get the following results: r(75) = .69, p = .001. Which of the following do you conclude
The correlation is significant and of a large magnitude
You run an independent-samples t-test to examine the difference between men and women's cardiorespiratory performance and obtain the following result: t(75) = 1.11, p = .110. d = .17. Which of the following represents an appropriate interpretation:
The difference between the groups is not significant and is of a small magnitude
T/F Cohen's d can be used as a measure of effect for both independent-samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs
false
T/F Validity is the extent to which two different people would get the same scores on a test
false
t/f The standard deviation represents the single score that best expresses the group's performance
false
You want to know whether or not a group discussion on the importance of a healthy lifestyle motivates participates to be active in the future. Data were collected before and after the intervention.
paired samples t test
A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is
A hypothesis