KIN 272- HEART LECTURE QUIZ

Pilocarpine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (turns on the muscarinic ACh receptor). Pilocarpine would Select one: a. Increase depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node b. Decrease depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node c. Not change the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node

b. Decrease depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node

Pilocarpine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (turns on the muscarinic ACh receptor). Pilocarpine would Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Not change heart rate

b. Decrease heart rate

Acetylcholine Select one or more: a. Increases the rate of depolarization pacemaker cells in the SA node b. Decreases the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node c. Decreases HR d. Increases HR

b. Decreases the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node c. Decreases HR

Ralph has a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute, an end diastolic volume of 100 mL, and an end systolic volume of 40 mL. What is his stroke volume? Select one: a. 40 mL b. 60 mL c. 100 mL d. 3600 mL e. 6000 mL

b. 60mL

During which period(s) is the aortic valve open? (Refer to chart 2) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

b. Between B and C

During which period(s) is the pulmonary semilunar valve open? (Refer to chart 2) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

b. Between B and C

When is pressure in the left ventricle greater than in the aorta? (Refer to chart 2, choose every correct answer) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

b. Between B and C

Which of the following cells spontaneously depolarize the fastest? Select one: a. Cells in the AV node b. Cells in the SA node c. Ventricular cardiomyocytes d. Cells in the bundle of His

b. Cells in the SA node

Ralph has a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute, and end diastolic volume of 100 mL, and an end systolic volume of 40 mL. What is his cardiac output? Select one: a. 40 mL/min b. 60 mL/min c. 100 mL/min d. 3600 mL/min e. 6000 mL/min

d. 3600 mL/min

There are how many chambers in the heart? Select one: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

d. 4

A patient has an end diastolic volume of 100 mL, an end systolic volume of 40 mL, and a heart rate of 100 bpm. What is her cardiac output? Select one: a. 3 liters/min b. 4 liters/min c. 5 liters/min d. 6 liters/min e. 7 liters/min

d. 6 liters/min

A patient has an end diastolic volume of 100 mL, an end systolic volume of 40 mL, and a heart rate of 100 bpm. What is the ejection fraction? Select one: a. 30% b. 40% c. 50% d. 60% e. 70%

d. 60%

Suppose you see an ECG in which there is no relationship between the P wave and QRS complex, but the QRS complex looks normal. You would suspect that the cells setting the rate for ventricular contraction are located in the Select one: a. Left atrium b. SA node c. Right ventricular wall d. AV node

d. AV node

When is pressure in the left atrium greater than in the left ventricle? (Refer to chart 2, choose every correct answer) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

d. Between D and the next A

When is the left AV valve open? (Refer to chart 2, choose every correct answer) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

d. Between D and the next A

In which of the following is pressure the highest? Select one: a. The vena cava b. The pulmonary trunk c. The pulmonary veins d. The aorta

d. The aorta

During diastole, pressure is lowest in the Select one: a. Largest veins b. Largest arteries c. Atria d. Ventricles

d. Ventricles

This question refers to the pathway of a red blood cell through the circulatory system. The structure encountered after passing through the aortic semilunar valve is the Select one: a. Right atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left atrium d. Pulmonary trunk e. Aorta

e. Aorta

During which period(s) are all heart valves open? (Refer to chart 2) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

e. Never

Which of the following are absolutely necessary for the heart to contract? Select one: a. Sympathetic neurons b. Parasympathetic neurons c. Somatic motor neurons d. All of the above e. None of the above

e. None of the above

In what order should the following cells spontaneously depolarize to threshold? First Second Third Fourth

First: Cells in the SA node Second: Cells in the AV node Third: Cells in the bundle of His Fourth: Cardiomyocyte in the left ventricle

This question refers to the pathway of a red blood cell through the circulatory system. The structure encountered after passing through the pulmonary semilunar valve would be the Select one: a. Right ventricle b. Pulmonary trunk c. Right atrium d. Left atrium e. Pulmonary vein

NOT A b. Pulmonary trunk?

After bleeding, heart rate increases to restore cardiac output. This is necessary because Select one: a. A rise in ESV would decrease stroke volume, requiring greater heart rate to restore cardiac output. b. A drop in ESV would decrease stroke volume, requiring greater heart rate to restore cardiac output. c. A rise in EDV would decrease stroke volume, requiring greater heart rate to restore cardiac output. d. A drop in EDV would decrease stroke volume, requiring a greater heart rate to restore cardiac output. e. Stroke volume would increase, requiring greater heart rate to restore cardiac output.

NOT B

At the peak of systole, pressure is highest in the Select one: a. Right atrium b. Aorta c. Left ventricle d. Pulmonary trunk e. Right ventricle f. Left atrium

NOT B

In an ECG, when is ventricular volume greatest? Select one: a. Just before the QRS complex b. At the end of the P-wave c. Just before the P-wave d. At the end of the QRS complex

NOT C or B

When the ventricles are ejecting blood, pressure is lowest in the Select one: a. Largest arteries b. Largest veins c. Atria d. Ventricles

NOT D

During which period(s) are all heart valves closed? (Refer to chart 2) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

NOT E

When does the left ventricle contain the most blood? (If two answers are equal, choose both). Select one or more: a. A b. B c. C d. D

a. A b. B

Imagine a person with a resting heart rate of 70 beats per minute. If we stimulated the heart 80 times per minute with an electrode stuck in the left ventricle, the T wave on the ECG would look Select one: a. Abnormal at 80 beats per minute b. Normal at 80 beats per minute c. Normal at 70 beats per minute d. Abnormal at 70 beats per minute

a. Abnormal at 80 beats per minute

In an ECG, the P wave depicts Select one: a. Atrial depolarization b. Atrial contraction c. Ventricular depolarization d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial pressure changes

a. Atrial depolarization

When stimulated by parasympathetic nerves, pacemaker cells in the heart Select one: a. Become more permeable to potassium b. Become less permeable to potassium c. There would be no change in potassium permeability

a. Become more permeable to potassium

When is pressure in the aorta greater than in the left ventricle? (Refer to chart 2, choose every correct answer) Select one or more: a. Between A and B b. Between B and C c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A e. Never

a. Between A and B c. Between C and D d. Between D and the next A

Many choice: Valves in the heart are located Select one or more: a. Between major arteries and ventricles b. Between the atria and ventricles c. Between atria and major veins

a. Between major arteries and ventricles b. Between the atria and ventricles

How do beta-1 adrenergic receptors increase cardiac output? Select one or more: a. By increasing HR (heart rate) b. By decreasing HR (heart rate) c. By increasing ESV (end systolic volume) d. By decreasing ESV (end systolic volume)

a. By increasing HR (heart rate)

How do beta-1 adrenergic receptors increase cardiac output? Select one or more: a. By increasing the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node b. By decreasing the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node c. By increasing calcium release in cardiomyocytes d. By decreasing calcium release in cardiomyocytes

a. By increasing the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node c. By increasing calcium release in cardiomyocytes

Blood question: Lipids traveling in our bloodstream are Select one: a. Carried by plasma proteins b. Carried only within red blood cells c. Carried only dissolved in plasma d. Carried only within white blood cells e. Carried with hydrophobic tails in contact with water

a. Carried by plasma proteins

If all nerves supplying the heart were cut, the heart would Select one: a. Continue to beat, but at a faster than resting rate b. Contract in an uncoordinated manner (fibrillate) c. Stop beating d. Continue to beat, but at a slower than resting rate

a. Continue to beat, but at a faster than resting rate

If we inject calcium into the cell but hold the voltage constant, the cardiomyocyte would (we would have to inject negative charge with the calcium to keep voltage below threshold) Select one: a. Contract b. Remain at rest

a. Contract

Many choice: Stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system increases Select one or more: a. Contractility b. Stroke volume c. End diastolic volume d. Heart rate e. End systolic volume

a. Contractility b. Stroke volume d. Heart rate NOT E

Many choice: If the vagus nerve were stimulated, which effects would you see on the ECG? Select one or more: a. Each QRS complex would be spaced further from the next b. Each P wave would be spaced further from the next c. Each T wave would be spaced further from the next

a. Each QRS complex would be spaced further from the next b. Each P wave would be spaced further from the next c. Each T wave would be spaced further from the next

Many choice: When you get scared, which of the following occur? Select one or more: a. End diastolic volume would increase b. End systolic volume would increase c. Stroke volume would increase d. Heart rate would increase

a. End diastolic volume would increase c. Stroke volume would increase d. Heart rate would increase

When scared, pressure generated by the left ventricle would Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Not change

a. Increase

When scared, the amount of calcium released in cardiac muscle cells per action potential would Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Not change

a. Increase

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart would Select one: a. Increase the amount of calcium released in cardiomyocytes b. Decrease the amount of calcium released in cardiomyocytes c. Not affect the amount of calcium released in cardiomyocytes

a. Increase the amount of calcium released in cardiomyocytes

If more blood fills the heart prior to contraction, the heart contracts with Select one: a. Increased force due to more optimal alignment of thick and thin filaments b. Decreased force due to less optimal alignment of thick and thin filaments c. The amount of blood in the heart does not affect the force generated at the beginning contraction

a. Increased force due to more optimal alignment of thick and thin filaments

Atropine (blocks muscarinic ACh receptors) Select one or more: a. Increases HR b. Increases the rate of depolarization pacemaker cells in the SA node c. Decreases the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node d. Decreases HR

a. Increases HR b. Increases the rate of depolarization pacemaker cells in the SA node

The highest pressure in the heart is generated in the Select one: a. Left ventricle b. Left atrium c. Coronary sinus d. Right ventricle e. Right atrium

a. Left ventricle

Compared with skeletal muscle, the action potential in a cardiac muscle cell is Select one: a. Longer b. The same duration c. Shorter

a. Longer

Imagine a person with a resting heart rate of 70 beats per minute. If we stimulated the heart 80 times per minute with an electrode stuck in the left atrium, the T wave on the ECG would look Select one: a. Normal at 80 beats per minute b. Abnormal at 70 beats per minute c. Abnormal at 80 beats per minute d. Normal at 70 beats per minute

a. Normal at 80 beats per minute

This question refers to the pathway of a red blood cell through the circulatory system. The structure encountered after passing through the Right AV valve is the Select one: a. Right ventricle b. Left atrium c. Right atrium d. Aorta e. Pulmonary trunk

a. Right ventricle

If we stimulate the heart with an electrode during the absolute refractory period, Select one: a. The heart would continue to contract, but the force of contraction would not be affected b. The heart would continue to contract while increasing the force of contraction c. The heart would relax

a. The heart would continue to contract, but the force of contraction would not be affected

Many choice: Differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells include Select one or more: a. The number of nuclei b. The existence of sarcomeres c. The electrical connection between adjacent cells

a. The number of nuclei c. The electrical connection between adjacent cells

If we stimulate the heart with an electrode during the relative refractory period, Select one: a. There would be an additional action potential with the resulting contraction generating the same amount of pressure as the previous contraction. b. There would be an additional action potential with the resulting contraction generating more pressure than the previous contraction. c. The heart would relax.

a. There would be an additional action potential with the resulting contraction generating the same amount of pressure as the previous contraction.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a.The events in chart 1 cause the events in chart 2. b. The events in chart 2 cause the events in chart 1. c. There is no causal relationship between the events in chart one and chart 2.

a.The events in chart 1 cause the events in chart 2.

Many choice: A patient has an end diastolic volume of 100 mL, an end systolic volume of 40 mL, and a heart rate of 100 bpm. The numbers above were taken after walking rapidly to class. Which of the following would decrease after 5 minutes of seated relaxation? (imagine that the excitement about learning physiology plays a minimal role) Select one or more: a. End systolic volume b. End diastolic volume c. Heart rate

b. End diastolic volume c. Heart rate

If more blood fills the left ventricle prior to a heartbeat, stroke volume will Select one: a. Decrease b. Increase c. Remain constant

b. Increase

Atropine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (blocks the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptor). Treating with atropine would Select one: a. Not change heart rate. b. Increase heart rate. c. Decrease heart rate.

b. Increase heart rate.

The thickest layer of the heart is the Select one: a. Endocardium b. Myocardium c. Pericardium

b. Myocardium

Imagine a person with a resting heart rate of 70 beats per minute. If we stimulated the heart 80 times per minute with an electrode stuck in the left atrium, the QRS complex on the ECG would look Select one: a. Normal at 70 beats per minute b. Normal at 80 beats per minute c. Abnormal at 70 beats per minute d. Abnormal at 80 beats per minute

b. Normal at 80 beats per minute

Imagine that a lot of sodium leaked into a resting cardiomyocyte, but the voltage of the cell did not change (i.e., we magically injected negative charge so that voltage remained -70 mV). The cardiomyocyte would Select one: a. Contract b. Remain at rest

b. Remain at rest

Many choice: If ventricular cells did not fire an action potential, there would be no ______________ on the ECG. Select one or more: a. P wave b. T wave c. QRS complex

b. T wave c. QRS complex

In cardiac muscle, the absolute refractory period lasts until calcium is pumped away from the myofibrils. This ensures that Select one: a. Voltage-gated potassium channels remain open prior to the P wave b. The heart relaxes between heart beats c. Cardiomyocytes are always capable of depolarizing d. Cardiomyocytes are always capable of repolarizing e. Blood flows only one direction in the circulatory system

b. The heart relaxes between heart beats

If electrical signals from the atria do not reach the ventricle Select one: a. The person will crave a chocolate brownie b. The rate of ventricular contraction will slow c. The rate of ventricular contraction will increase d. The ventricles will stop beating e. The rate of ventricular contraction will not change

b. The rate of ventricular contraction will slow

In the heart, electrical signals travel most quickly Select one: a. Through the AV node b. Through the ventricular conducting system c. Through the atrial conduction system d. Through the SA node

b. Through the ventricular conducting system

What are the units for the Y-axis in chart 2? Select one: a. Frequency of action potentials (per second) b. mm Hg c. Seconds d. mEq/L e. mV

b. mm Hg

Imagine a person with a resting heart rate of 70 beats per minute. If we stimulated the heart 80 times per minute with an electrode stuck in the left atrium, the P wave on the ECG would look Select one: a. Normal at 70 beats per minute b. Normal at 80 beats per minute c. Abnormal at 80 beats per minute d. Abnormal at 70 beats per minute

c. Abnormal at 80 beats per minute

Which is the correct order of events in cardiac muscle? Select one: a. Contraction causes blood movement which causes an electrical stimulus b. Contraction causes an electrical stimulus which causes blood to move c. An electrical stimulus causes contraction which causes blood to move d. Blood moving causes contraction which causes an electrical stimulus

c. An electrical stimulus causes contraction which causes blood to move

During diastole, pressure is highest in the Select one: a. Right atrium b. Pulmonary trunk c. Aorta d. Left ventricle e. Left atrium f. Right ventricle

c. Aorta

Many choice: Which of the following are true? Select one or more: a. Arteries always carry oxygenated blood b. Veins always carry deoxygenated blood c. Arteries always carry blood away from the heart

c. Arteries always carry blood away from the heart

If all heart valves were removed from the heart, but ventricular pressure did not change during systole, which of the following would occur during ventricular contraction Select one: a. Blood would flow only from the ventricles to the aorta b. Blood would flow only from the ventricles to the atria c. Blood would flow both directions

c. Blood would flow both directions

When does the left ventricle contain the least blood? (If two answers are equal, choose both). a. A b. B c. C d. D

c. C d. D

Blood always moves Select one: a. Down its concentration gradient b. Against its concentration gradient c. From the high pressure to low pressure d. From low pressure to high pressure

c. From the high pressure to low pressure

Stimulating the heart 250 times per minute with an electrode would Select one: a. Increase the force of contraction in the heart b. Increase stroke volume c. Increase heart rate

c. Increase heart rate

Many choice: If atrial cells did not fire an action potential, there would be no ______________ on the ECG. Select one or more: a. QRS complex b. T wave c. P wave

c. P wave

Following a myocardial infarction, the ECG is often abnormal. This is because Select one: a. Scar tissue does not have a blood supply. b. Scar tissue does not generate pressure. c. Scar tissue remaining after a myocardial infarction does not pass electrical current in the same manner as normal heart tissue.

c. Scar tissue remaining after a myocardial infarction does not pass electrical current in the same manner as normal heart tissue.

In an ECG, the QRS complex shows Select one: a. Atrial depolarization b. Atrial contraction c. Ventricular depolarization d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial pressure changes

c. Ventricular depolarization

What are the units for the Y-axis in chart 1? Select one: a. Seconds b. mm Hg c. mV d. Frequency of action potentials (per second) e. mEq/L

c. mV

Beta blockers selectively block beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. These medications would Select one or more: a. Increase the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node b. Decrease the rate of depolarization of pacemaker cells in the SA node c. Increase calcium release in cardiomyocytes d. Decrease calcium release in cardiomyocytes e. Increase cardiac output f. Decrease cardiac output

f. Decrease cardiac output& something else NOT A OR C