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Gentlemens Agreement

1907-1908 agreement by the government to Japan to limit Japanese emigration to the United State. They wanted to limit emigration of unskilled worker to the US in exchange for the repeal of the San Fran segregation order.

Social Gospel Movement

19th Century reform. -Movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibilty to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.

Grandfather Clause

A provision that exempts certain people from a law on the basis of previously existing circumstaces- especially a clause formely in some southern states' constitutions that exempted whites from the strict voting requirements used to keep African Americans from the polls.

Patronage

An office holders power to appoint people-usually those who have helped him or her get elected to positions in government. (Since the beginning of the 19th century presidents have been complaining about it)

Pendleton Civil Service Act

a law, enacted in 1883, that established a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to government jobs by means of the merit system.