Acid Base (PrepU)

Which individuals are at risk of developing metabolic alkalosis? Select all that apply.

-A 70 year-old woman who has taken 2 tablespoons of baking soda to settle her "sour stomach" -A hospital client who is on nasogastric suction following gastric surgery -A 20 year-old male who has been regularly inducing himself to vomit following binge eating

A client's most recent laboratory results suggest the presence of metabolic alkalosis. What action by the nurse best addresses a potential cause of this acid-base imbalance?

Administering an antiemetic to treat the client's frequent vomiting

The nurse is caring for a client who reports pain as 10, on a 0 to 10 scale. After the administration of an opioid anesthesia, the nurse observes the client's respiratory rate decrease to 8 breaths per minute. What is the priority action by the nurse?

Administration of 0.4 mg of naloxone

The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance is to increase the production of:

HCO3−

A client is receiving a diuretic as the first-line treatment of mild hypertension. The nurse monitors the client for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia with which agent?

Hydrochlorothiazide

When trying to explain the role of potassium and hydrogen related to acid-base, which statement is most accurate?

Hypokalemia stimulates H+ secretion.

Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client undergoing a laryngectomy?

Ineffective airway clearance

A client has these arterial blood gas values: anion gap 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L), pH 7.29, PCO2 37 mm Hg (4.92 mmol/L), HCO3- 11 mEq/L (11 mmol/L), base excess -6 mEq/L (-6 mmol/L). With what condition do these values correspond?

Lactic acidosis

A patient who has been treated for uric acid stones is being discharged from the hospital. What type of diet does the nurse discuss with the patient?

Low-purine diet

The nurse is caring for a client who has excessive diarrhea. Which acid-base disturbance does the nurse anticipate will result from having excessive diarrhea?

Metabolic acidosis

Which medication classification represents a proton (gastric acid) pump inhibitor?

Omeprazole

The nurse is caring for a client who complains of headache and blurred vision. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms, accompanied by increased plasma partial pressure carbon dioxide (PCO2) level and decreased pH level, are consistent with which diagnosis?

Respiratory acidosis

A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3--, 24 mEq/L. What do these values indicate?

Respiratory alkalosis

When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid in acid-base reactions, the faculty instructor emphasizes that which enzyme is needed as a catalysis for this reaction?

carbonic anhydrase

A client with emphysema is at a greater risk for developing which acid-base imbalance?

chronic respiratory acidosis

A client in the emergency department reports that they have been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. The client's arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?

metabolic alkalosis

A client is admitted to the psychiatric clinic for treatment of anorexia nervosa. At the beginning of the client's hospitalization, the most important nursing action is to:

monitor the client's vital signs, serum electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance.

The nurse cares for a client with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Which acid-base imbalance is associated with this disorder?

pH 7.20, PaCO2 36, HCO3 14-

The nurse assesses an adolescent client with lethargy, retractions of the intercostal spaces, a persistent expiratory wheeze, diminished breath sounds, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Arterial blood gas results are pH 7.10; PCO2 80 mm Hg (10.64 kPa); PO2 35 mm Hg (4.66 kPa), HCO3 29 mEq/l (29 mmol/l). What is the priority condition the nurse must address?

respiratory acidosis

A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. The client's respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and the client is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3--) of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings?

respiratory alkalosis

A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:

respiratory alkalosis.

During a lecture about the function of the intestine related to food digestion, the faculty mentions that when the students consume foods high in acid, the intestines will:

stimulate the release of secretin, which then inhibits release of gastrin.