KIN Final 2
Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?
Classified as an arthrodial type joint
The Q angle is usually ___ or less for males and ___ or less for females.
15; 20
Which of the following individuals would likely have the largest postural sway?
A healthy individual
The angle of the femoral neck with respect to the long axis of the femur is known as the _____.
Angle of inclination
Which knee ligament prevents the tibia from sliding anteriorly?
Anterior Cruciate (ACL)
What compartment contains the dorsiflexor group, consisting of the tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus?
Anterior compartment
Identify the points of origin of the tensor fasciae latae muscle:
Anterior iliac crest, and the surface of the ilium just below the crest
A ligament that runs from the base of the skull to the sacrum and attaches to the anterior surface of each vertebral body
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What is the point of insertion of the semitendinosus muscle?
Anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle
Identify the point of origin of the sartorius muscle:
Anterior superior iliac spine and notch just below the spine
The iliopsoas muscle is located ____ and performs ___ of the hip
Anteriorly; flexion
The insertion of the tensor fasciae latae muscle is one-fourth of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract, which in turn inserts onto Gerdy's tubercle of the ___ tibial condyle.
Anterolateral
Identify the origin of the gracilis muscle
Anteromedial edge of the descending ramus of the pubis
Except for the __ joint, there is not a great deal of movement possible between any two vertebrae
Atlantoaxial joint
Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the __ joint.
Atlantoaxial joint
What is the insertion of the Peroneus brevis?
Base of the 5th metatarsal
What are the exercises that strengthen the rectus abdominis muscle?
Bent knee sit ups or crunches
Where the six deep (lateral rotator muscles be palpated?)
Between the posterior superior greater trochanter and obturator foramen
Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?
Biceps femoris
Identify the muscles in the hamstring muscle group:
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
Identify an exercise that uses the erector spinae in extending the spine:
Dead-lift
Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?
Decreases stability
What compartment contains the flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus, and tibialis posterior?
Deep posterior compartment
The supporting ligament on the medial side of the ankle joint is called the ____.
Deltoid ligament
Identify the bones that make up the ankle joint
Distal tibia, distal fibula, and talus
Movement of the tibia of the ankle and foot toward the anterior tibia
Dorsiflexion
The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:
Erector spinae
Turning the ankle and foot outward
Eversion
What is the muscle action of the extensor hallucis longus?
Extends the first / great toe
Straightening or increasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg
Extension
Identify an action performed by the splenius muscles:
Extension of the head and neck
What are the actions performed by the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Extension of the head at the atlantooccipital joint and flexion of the cervical spine
Identify an action performed by the Vastus intermedius:
Extension of the knee
Identify an action performed by the Vastus lateralis muscle:
Extension of the knee
The ___ muscle can be palpated as the second muscle to the lateral side of the anterior tibial border in the upper lateral side of the tibia between the tibialis anterior medially and the fibula laterally
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Extensor hallucis longus
Rotary movement of the lower leg laterally away from the midline
External rotation
The six deep lateral rotator muscles are used powerfully in movements of ____ ____ ___ __ ____, as in sports in which the individual takes off on one leg from preliminary internal rotation.
External rotation of the femur
All of the erector spinae muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal column
False
An ankle sprain is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more tendons
False
Except for the glenohumeral joint, the acetabular femoral joint is the least mobile joint of the body
False
General knee pain is usually a result of structural abnormalities at the knee
False
Inversion is turning the ankle and foot outward away from the midline of the body where the weight is on the medial edge of the foot
False
Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column
False
Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles
False
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.
False
The mastoid process of the thoracic spine and the posterior ribs are key areas of attachment for the posterior muscles of the spine
False
The semimembranosus muscle inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle
False
The structural instability of the acetabular femoral joint makes it susceptible to subluxations and dislocations
False
The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves
False
When slipping on ice, you tend to use an ankle strategy to prevent falling
False
When the knee is flexed slightly, the effect of the Soleus is reduced, placing more work on the gastrocnemius.
False
Bending or decreasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg
Flexion
The __ muscle can be palpated as the most posterior of the three tendons immediately behind the medial malleolus; between the medial soleus and the tibia
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg/ankle and moving medially?
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
The pectineus muscle is stretched by:
Fully abducting the extended and internally rotated hip
Triceps surae refers to the ___.
Gastrocnemius and soleus
The ___ ____ muscle can be palpated by running downward and laterally between the posterior iliac crest superiorly, the anal cleft medially, and the gluteal fold inferiorly.
Gluteus maximus
Which single-joint muscle extends the hip?
Gluteus maximus
The __ __ is best stretched by moving the hip into extreme adduction in front of the opposite extremity and then behind it.
Gluteus medius
Which hip muscle keeps your pelvic level while standing on one foot?
Gluteus medius
The __ is best stretched by moving the hip into extreme adduction in front of the opposite extremity and then behind it, and weakness in this muscle can result in a Trendelenburg gait.
Gluteus medius muscle
The pes anserinus tendinosus expansion comprises the ____.
Gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus
The semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris muscles are known as the _____.
Hamstrings
What is the point of origin of the Peroneus longus muscle?
Head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of fibula
Characterized by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation
Heel-strike
The knee joint is primarily a ____ joint.
Hinge
In the context of the pelvic girdle motions, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the femur in the frontal plane medially toward the midline?
Hip adduction
The best position to stretch the tensor fascia latae muscle is which of the following?
Hip adduction
Which of the following are tight when a patient is demonstrating an anterior pelvic tilt?
Hip flexors and trunk extensors
Right transverse pelvic rotation and left transverse rotation occur in the:
Horizontal or transverse plane of motion
The adductor muscles as a group are called into action in __________.
Horseback riding and in doing the breaststroke kick in swimming
Identify the two different muscles that make up the iliopsoas:
Iliacus and the psoas major
Rotary movement of the lower leg medially toward the midline
Internal rotation
The ___ ____ are located in between and adhering to the articular cartilage of the vertebral bodies
Intervertebral disks
Turning the ankle and foot inward
Inversion
What is the action of the tibialis posterior?
Inversion and plantar flexion
Which of the following statements is true about the biceps femoris muscle?
It is best developed through hamstring curls or leg curls
Identify the accurate statement about the Popliteus muscle:
It is crucial in internally rotating the knee to unlock it from the full extension position
Identify an accurate statement about Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear:
It is one of the most common serious injuries to the knee
A feature of the sartorius muscle is that:
It is weak when flexion of the hip and knee take place at the same time
The Vastus lateralis muscle, along with the other vasti muscles, functions with the Rectus femoris in ___ _______.
Knee extension
Adducted knee posture is known as ___.
Knee varus
What compartment contains the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis - the two most powerful evertors?
Lateral compartment
"Side bending" the head moves laterally toward the shoulder, and the thorax moves laterally toward the pelvis; both in frontal plane
Lateral flexion
Posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
Lateral head
What is the point of origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?
Lateral surface of the ilium and a few inches above the greater trochanter
Lateral to each rectus abdominis is the ___ ____, a crescent, or moon-shaped, line running vertically
Linea semilunaris
What are the three muscles that make up the anterior vertebral muscles?
Longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis
In the cervical area, the __ muscles are located anteriorly and flex the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
Longus colli
The combined motion that occurs in both the thoracic and the lumbar regions is known as ___ motion
Lumbar
The lumbar spine may have a reduction of its normal lordotic curve, resulting in a flat-back appearance referred to as ___ ___.
Lumbar kyphosis
Posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle
Medial head
Which of the following statements about menisci are false?
Meniscus tears are best left to repair themselves
What is the point of origin of the peroneus brevis muscle?
Mid to lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
Characterized by pronation and internal rotation of the foot and leg, respectively
Midstance
Which bone is found at the peak of the medial arch of the foot?
Navicular
Lateral flexion of the head:
Obliquues capitis superior
Rotation of the atlas:
Obliquus capitis inferior
The tibialis anterior may be stretched by ____.
Passively taking the foot into extreme eversion and plantar flexion
The peroneus tertius may be stretched by ___.
Passively taking the foot into extreme inversion and plantar flexion
The extensor digitorum longus may be stretched by ____.
Passively taking the four lesser toes into full flexion while the foot is inverted and plantarflexed
The biceps femoris short head is supplied by the ___ nerve
Peroneal
The ___ muscle passes posteroinferiorly to the lateral malleolus to pull on the base of the fifth metatarsal
Peroneus brevis
Which of the following muscles has its origin on the distal third of the anterior fibula?
Peroneus tertius
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all join together distally to form a tendinosus expansion known as the __ _______.
Pes anserinus
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all join together distally to form a tendinous expansion known as the __ _____.
Pes anserinus
There are three individual bones in each toe, except for the great toe, which has only two. Each of these bones is known as an ___.
Phalanx
Which of the following are the bones that make up the ankle and foot joints?
Phalanx, Talus, Calcaneus, Tarsals
Movement of the ankle and foot away from the tibia
Plantar flexion
Identify an action performed by the Soleus muscle
Plantar flexion of the ankle
Identify an action performed the tibialis posterior muscle:
Plantar flexion of the ankle
A ___ is an anatomical variant among some individuals that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee.
Plica
Which muscle is responsible for "unlocking" the knee?
Popletius
The ___ muscle can be palpated deep to the gastrocnemius medially on the posterior proximal tibia and proceed superolaterally toward lateral epicondyle of tibia just deep to fibular collateral ligament.
Popliteus
The only uniarticular knee flexor is the ___.
Popliteus
A ligament that runs from the axis to the sacrum and attaches on the posterior vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal ligament
A person with tight hamstrings will likely adopt which of the following compensatory postures?
Posterior tilt of pelvis and flattened lumbar curve
What is the point of insertion of the semimembranosus muscle?
Posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle
Both the gluteus minimus and the gluteus medius are used in the:
Powerfully maintaining proper hip abduction while running
Which foot motion occurs at mid-stance during gait which involves eversion of the foot and ankle?
Pronation
The angle formed by the intersection of the central line of pull for the entire quadriceps and the line of pull of the patellar tendon that runs from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tuberosity is referred to as the __ __.
Q angle
The angle formed by the intersection of the central line of pull for the entire quadriceps and the line of pull of the patellar tendon that runs from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tuberosity is referred to as the ___ _____.
Q angle
Pulling from the anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium, the ___ ___ muscle has a tendency to anteriorly rotate the pelvis
Rectus femoris
Identify the muscles in the quadriceps group:
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis
Identify the muscles in the quadriceps muscles:
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis
Return movement from lateral flexion to neutral in the frontal plane
Reduction
The tibial division of the __ nerve innervates the gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus.
Sciatic
Which of the following are the nerves arising from the sacral plexus that innervate the muscles of the hip?
Sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve, and superior gluteal nerve
The adductor longus muscle can be strengthened by using the ____.
Scissors exercise
Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?
Semimembranosus
The upper anteromedial surface of the tibia just below the medial condyle serves as the insertion for the sartorius, gracilis, and _____.
Semitendinosus
The upper anteromedial surface of the tibia just below the medial condyle serves as the insertion for the sartorius, gracilis, and ________.
Semitendinosus
___ ___ is a slang term frequently used to describe an often chronic condition in which the tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles are inflamed.
Shin splints
Where can the gluteus medius muscle be palpated?
Slightly in frontal of and a few inches above the greater trochanter
Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion?
Soleus
The __ __ are horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis at three or more locations
Tendinosus inscriptions
Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except:
Tensor fascia latae
Identify accurate statements about the muscles at the hip joint:
The action of a particular muscle has on the hip may vary depending on the position of the femur in relation to the pelvis
The muscles actually involved in hip and pelvic girdle motions depend largely on:
The direction of the movement and the position of the body in relation to the earth and its gravitational forces
Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle?
The lateral abdominis
Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?
The lumbar spine extends 20 to 30 degrees
Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit-ups?
The quadratus lumborum
Which of the following muscles is best stretched in a side-lying position by having a partner take the knee into full flexion and simultaneously take the hip into extension?
The rectus femoris muscle
Which of the following muscles contracts concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?
The right sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following muscles is a two-joint muscle, effective as a hip flexor or as a knee flexor, and is sometimes referred to as the tailor's muscle?
The sartorius muscle
Which of the following muscles is important in providing dynamic medial stability to the knee joint because of the manner in which it crosses the joint and is also responsible for internal rotation of the knee?
The semimembranosus muscle
Identify an accurate statement about the skeletal foundation of the thorax
The skeletal foundation of the thorax is formed by twelve pairs of ribs
In the context of walking, identify the phase that occurs when the foot leaves the ground and the leg moves forward to another point of contact
The swing phase
The trunk is composed of the ___.
Thoracic spine, rib cage, pelvic girdle
The ___ is the first muscle to the lateral side of the anterior tibial border, particularly palpable with fully active ankle dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
The "Tom, Dick and Harry" phrase refers to the ___ respectively.
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Movement of the toes away from the plantar surface of the foot
Toe extension
Movement of the toes toward the plantar surface of the foot
Toe flexion
Characterized by the foot returning to supination and the leg returning to external rotation
Toe-off
Abduction/Adduction of the ankle occur in what plane?
Transverse
A substantial number of low back problems are caused by improper use of back over time
True
All the three vasti muscles of the quadriceps originate on the proximal femur and insert on the patellar superior pole.
True
Dorsiflexion is the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia
True
Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally
True
For the pelvis to rotate in any direction, movement must occur in either the right hip, the left hip, the lumbar spine, or a combination of these locations
True
Heel-strike normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation
True
Motions of the metatarsophalangeal joints of toes include: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
True
Pronation of the foot while walking/running is normal.
True
The medial meniscus is larger than the lateral meniscus
True
The pelvic girdle consists of a right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by the sacrum
True
The vertebral column has 24 articulating vertebrae
True
When the knees are bent, the gastrocnemius muscle becomes an ineffective plantar flexor
True
Which of the following is a monoarticular muscle?
Vastus lateralis
Which of the following motions does NOT normally occur in the tibiofemoral joint?
Abduction
Which of the following is not an action of the pectineus muscle?
Abduction of the hip
The origin of the rectus femoris muscle is the anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and the groove above the ___.
Acetabulum
The ___ ___ muscle has its point of insertion in the whole length of the linea aspera, the inner condyloid ridge, and the adductor tubercle
Adductor magnus
Return from flexion; posterior movement of the spine in the sagittal plane
Spinal extension
Anterior movement of the spine in the sagittal plane; in the cervical region
Spinal flexion
Rotary movement of the spine in the transverse plane; the chin rotates from neutral toward the shoulder
Spinal rotation
Identify an exercise that strengthens the quadriceps muscles:
Step-ups
The __ muscle is primarily responsible for flexion and rotation of the head and neck.
Sternocleidomastoid
Where can the Rectus femoris muscle be palpated?
Straight down anterior thigh from anterior inferior iliac spine to patella
What compartment contains the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris?
Superficial posterior compartment