Kinesiology Midterm

Using Linda's occupational profile from the Keough text, an instrumental activity of daily living important to Linda, includes getting her grandchildren out of their car seats. Name 1 scapular motion and 1 glenohumeral motion necessary to complete this task.

scapular abduction; glenohumeral flexion

Linda fell and injured a rotator cuff muscle? Which muscle could it be? serratus anterior anterior deltoid posterior deltoid subscapularis

subscapularis

A main function of the C1 vertebra, also known as the atlas, is to: support the cranium allow rotation of the head align the vertebral column allow lateral bending of the trunk

support the cranium

The lumbar vertebrae are the largest moveable vertebrae as they need to be able to: support the weight of the body support the weight of the head move equally in all planes allow for a large ROM

support the weight of the body

What is the most commonly injured muscle of the rotator cuff group? Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

supraspinatus

What is the proper name for muscles that work together to either strengthen a movement or provide stability? antagonists force couple synergists

synergists

When working with a client, it is important to remember that a joint is most stable in: the loose-pack position an open kinematic chain the close-pack position the open-pack position

the close-pack position

The most stable aspect of the spine is the: cervical spine thoracic spine lumbar spine pelvis

thoracic spine

The trapezius muscle is an example of what type of muscle belly?

triangular

The vertebral column is considered to be which of the following types of joints? uniaxial biaxial triaxial multiaxial

triaxial

T/F Bony landmarks are the "trail markers" that will help you locate muscles and tendons.

true

The rectus abdominis muscle performs all of the following except: trunk flexion trunk rotation compression of the abdomen aid in respiration

trunk rotation

fascia

two types- superficial and deep

Joint compression occurs naturally in the lower extremity during which of the following activities? walking doing a push-up hanging upside down from a jungle gym sleeping

walking

T/F Circumduction is a commonly used term in shoulder rehabilitation which is a functional movement of the glenohumeral joint which occurs about midway between shoulder flexion and abduction.

False

T/F Dorsiflexion occurs when the client puts his foot into the pant leg during lower extremity (LE) dressing.

False

T/F Kinesiology can be used alone to solve a client's difficulties.

False

T/F OT practitioners usually provide the direct treatment for foot drop.

False

T/F Problems with winging scapula are due to supraspinatus weakness.

False

T/F Shoulder impingement is not a common cause of shoulder pain.

False

T/F Step length and stride length have the same meaning.

False

T/F Subluxation is a problem that only affects the scapula.

False

T/F The PT or PTA will always tell the OTA what transfer is needed.

False

T/F The sacroiliac joint is the most important articulation in the pelvic girdle.

False

T/F When transitioning from sitting to standing, the center of gravity remains the same.

False

T/F Your client had a CVA. This injury occurred in the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

False

More injuries occur when a joint is in the open-packed position. Correct!

True

T/F A force couple, as seen in upward and downward rotation, is a special type of muscle synergy.

True

T/F A sharp, shooting sensation felt locally or down the corresponding appendage during palpation may be caused by compression or impingement of the nerve.

True

T/F Adequate function of the trunk and neck structures is essential for purposeful activity and engagement in occupation.

True

T/F Adhesive capsulitis is also referred to as frozen shoulder.

True

T/F An open kinematic chain allows for free movement of the distal extremity.

True

T/F Both context and environment influence movement.

True

T/F Contracted unilaterally, the external obliques rotate to the opposite side.

True

T/F Erb's palsy is a result of a brachial plexus injury.

True

T/F Even though the transverse abdominus muscle does not cause trunk movement, it does play an important role in trunk and pelvic stability.

True

T/F GH joint horizontal adduction requires scapular protraction (abduction).

True

T/F GH joint hyperextension can be referred to as GH joint extension.

True

T/F In an anterior pelvic tilt, the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) moves downwards and forwards.

True

T/F It is important for OT practitioners to have an open line of communication with the PT or PTA regarding client's ability to complete transfers in morning routine.

True

T/F Kinesiology can be used in remedial and compensatory approaches.

True

T/F Kinesiology is a tool that OT practitioners use to address impairments.

True

T/F Lowering a wheelchair will increase its stability.

True

T/F Movements of the shoulder complex rely on the motion of all components.

True

T/F Normal curves in the vertebral column provide strength and support.

True

T/F Pelvic position dictates the positioning of the rest of the vertebral column.

True

T/F Scapulohumeral rhythm describes the movement relationship between the scapula in the shoulder girdle and the glenohumeral joint.

True

T/F Sitting balance involves the ability to reach without falling over.

True

T/F Structural scoliosis cannot be reversed with proper positioning.

True

T/F The GH joint moves more than the scapula in the first phase of scapulohumeral rhythm.

True

T/F The OTA can provide skilled instruction in standing balance and transfer training (in context of functional activities) to a client.

True

T/F The cervical spine allows for the greatest amount of motion.

True

T/F There are additional muscles that play a lesser role in functional movement of the shoulder complex. These include the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, subclavius, pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, and the sternocleidomastoid.

True

T/F Transitional movements refer to changes of body position.

True

The fluid force of buoyancy aids a client with arthritis to perform range of motion without pain.

True

The muscle that carries out an action is called the _________ , whereas the muscle that resists this action is the __________.

agonist; antagonist

The intercostals muscles of the rib cage primarily assist the ribs in their function of: protecting the heart and lungs providing support for the upper extremities aiding respiration flexing the thoracic spine

aiding respiration

Universal design is intended to enable use for: people with disabilities the elderly all people children

all people

The condition of insufficiency occurs because a muscle: is too weak to fully contract is not flexible enough to perform a task pulls in two directions at the same time crosses two or more joints

crosses two or more joints

Pressure over a small surface area can lead to: splinting joint distraction joint compression decubitus ulcers

decubitus ulcers

Which statement is true? Having a disease or diagnosis: -focuses purely on the medical aspect. -is the responsibility of the individual. -does not mean there is a disability. -leads to a decrease in function.

does not mean there is a disability

bone

easy to distinguish by its solid feel

The meaning of the term occupation is most closely related to: leisure and free time activities everyday activity activity you are paid to be involved in work-related activity

everyday activity

Brushing the hair on the back of your head requires what GH joint motion? internal rotation external rotation upward rotation extension

external rotation

Passive insufficiency of the long finger flexors can assist a person with weakness in doing which of the following? grasp something play the piano type make pottery

grasp something

What type of end feel is best described at the elbow joint (with elbow extension)? soft end feel hard end feel firm end feel abnormal end feel

hard end feel

Choose the best answer. A client uses her balance easily sitting at the edge of the mat. What can the client do to increase stability by increasing the base of support? have the client focus on a spot in the room have the client place her hands on the mat have the client sit on a pillow or cushion have the client lay on the mat

have the client place her hands on the mat

Which GH joint motion is able to functionally produce the greatest ROM? horizontal adduction extension horizontal abduction internal rotation

horizontal adduction

What is not a precaution or contraindication of MMT? humerus fracture 1 year ago inflammation Alzheimer's disease juvenile arthritis

humerus fracture 1 year ago

Anterior pelvic tilt creates which of the following conditions of the lumbar spine? hyperlordosis hyperkyphosis scoliosis flatback

hyperlordosis

If one side of the iliac crest is higher than the other, then the pelvis is considered to be : in an anterior tilt in a posterior tilt in an obliquity in a neutral position

in an obliquity

In general, the longer force arm gives the mechanical advantage of ______ ? increased balance decreased range of motion increased strength decreased speed

increased strength

What is the reference point on the scapula for upward and downward rotation? spine of the scapula inferior angle acromion process superior angle

inferior angle

What motion can prevent full shoulder flexion? scapular elevation external rotation scapular upward rotation internal rotation

internal rotation

The parts of the pelvic girdle that suport the weight of the body in a seated position are the: sacroiliac joints acetabulum symphysis pubis ischial tuberosities

ischial tuberosities

You observe that Susie has full AROM with shoulder flexion. What best describes the procedures you will perform next in MMT? gravity eliminated testing isometric testing observation PROM

isometric testing

skin

largest organ of the body

According to the WHO ICF, what is the level of dysfunction that occurs at the body level? Activity limitation Impairment Disability Participation restriction

Impairment

humeral propellers

Include the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and teres minor.

What is the principle of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement? Biomechanics Physiology Kinesiology Physics

Kinesiology

What is the normal ROM for internal rotation? 0 to 135 degrees 0 to 180 degrees 0 to 90 degrees 0 to 35 degrees

0 to 90 degrees

You are assessing GH joint internal rotation ROM with a goniometer. What ROM would you typically expect to find? 0 to 180 degrees 0 to 90 degrees 0 to 35 degrees 0 to 135 degrees

0 to 90 degrees

moves joint through less than half of available ROM with gravity eliminated

1+/5

Four common problems of the shoulder girdle and glenohumeral joint include:

1. primary adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2. shoulder hemiplegia 3. Erb's palsy 4. rotator cuff tendinitis

demonstrates no joint movement, but there is a slight observable or palpable muscle contraction

1/5

What class of lever is designed for balance? 1st class lever 2nd class lever 3rd class lever none are designed for this

1st class lever

moves joint through less than half of available ROM against gravity

2+/5

moves joint through greater than half ROM but less than full ROM, with gravity eliminated

2-/5

moves joint through full ROM with gravity eliminated

2/5

The second phase of scapulohumeral rhythm is represented by what ratio? 1:2 3:1 2:1 1:3

2:1

What class of lever is designed for power and strength? 1st class lever 2nd class lever 3rd class lever none are designed for this

2nd class lever

maintains testing position against gravity and minimal resistance

3+/5

moves joint through greater than half ROM but less than full ROM against gravity

3-/5

During upper body dressing, you observe that Johnny has full AROM with shoulder flexion. At a minimum, what MMT grade does Johnny display? 3+/5 3-/5 2+/5 3/5

3/5

Linda demonstrates 0 to 180 degrees of left shoulder flexion. At a minimum, what is her observed muscle grade? 3/5 4/5 2+/5 2/5

3/5

moves joint through full available ROM against gravity or maintains the testing position

3/5

What class of lever is designed for increased speed and range of motion? 1st class lever 2nd class lever 3rd class lever none are designed for this

3rd class lever

What class of lever is the most common in the human body? 1st class lever 2nd class lever 3rd class lever none of these is most common

3rd class lever

maintains testing position against gravity and less than moderate resistance

4-/5

maintains testing position against gravity and moderate resistance

4/5

What is the most recent model in OT incorporating kinesiology principles? Reconstruction model Kinetic model Orthotic model Biomechanical model

Biomechanical model

Muscles, bones, and nerves describe what part of client factors? Body functions Activity demands Performance skills Body structures

Body structures

An isotonic muscle contraction does not change the length of a muscle.

False

Decreased scapular ROM will not affect GH joint ROM.

False

T/F A client is performing shoulder abduction. This movement occurs in the sagittal plane around the the frontal axis.

False

T/F A posterior pelvic tilt is needed during sitting to enable the trunk to accomplish normal reaching.

False

T/F Active range of motion (AROM) and passive range of motion (PROM) evaluate the same quality of movement.

False

T/F All levers are designed to produce balance.

False

T/F Biomechanical model and kinesiology are the same things

False

T/F Cancer is not a precaution/contraindication for ROM.

False

What is another name for the shoulder joint? armpital joint GH joint sternoclavicular joint acromioclavicular joint

GH joint

scapular pivoters

Muscles that are involved with motion at the scapulothoracic joint.

humeral positioners

Muscles that position the humerus in space during or after actions of the scapular pivoters.

shoulder protectors

Muscles that work with the humeral positioners to keep the structures of the shoulder complex safe and include the rotator cuff group.

Name ways palpation can be made easier by "working smart"

Read the information Visualize what you are trying to access Verbalize to your partner what you feel Locate the structure first on yourself Read the text aloud Be patient

What is typically true of a muscle? Choose the best answer. The origin moves in relation to the insertion. The insertion moves in relation to the origin. The proximal attachment moves in relation to the origin. The proximal attachment moves in relation to the fulcrum.

The insertion moves in relation to the origin.

bursa

a small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between two structures

Muscles that act as synergists provide: a stronger force along the line of pull a stronger force outside the line of pull a weaker force along the line of pull a weaker force outside the line of pull

a stronger force along the line of pull

ligament

a structure connecting bones together at a joint

muscle

a voluntary contractile tissue that moves the skeleton

A client diagnosed with a CVA displays flaccid paralysis of his dominant upper extremity. He can no longer play golf which might best be described as: normal (enhanced) typical movement abnormal atypical movement normal typical movement normal atypical movement

abnormal atypical movement

What landmark is used to measure shoulder adduction? coracoid process glenoid fossa acromion process olecranon fossa

acromion process

What landmark is used to measure shoulder flexion? glenoid fossa coracoid process acromion process olecranon fossa

acromion process

When a movement is performed by your partner it is called _________ and when your partner relaxes and allows you to do the movement it is called __________.

active movement; passive movement

tendon

attaches muscle to bone

In ROM testing, where is the center of the goniometer placed? Select the BEST answer. over a bony landmark parallel to the joint being measured over the joint fulcrum axis of the joint being measured

axis of the joint being measured

In a closed kinematic chain, movement at one joint: has no effect at subsequent joints causes movement at subsequent joints causes non-weight bearing status at subsequent joints allows for free movement of distal extremity

causes movement at subsequent joints

The distance from the point of application of force to the axis of rotation is called the: force arm resistance arm leverage torque

force arm

External forces that contribute to shear force and may result in decubiti include: -compression, tension, forces perpendicular to skin's surface -forces at a right angle to skin's surface, pressure, gravity -contact force, friction, gravity -friction, pressure, forces parallel to skin's surface

friction, pressure, forces parallel to skin's surface

Unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle causes: lateral flexion of the neck and head rotation to the opposite side lateral flexion of the neck and head to the same side medial neck flexion only rotation only

lateral flexion of the neck and head rotation to the opposite side

You are using a nutcracker to try to open walnuts. You can't crack them open so you increase the mechanical advantage of the nutcracker by: shortening the handles lengthening the handles moving the walnut further from the axis driving over the walnut first

lengthening the handles

If the point of application of force is directly through the object's center of gravity, the motion produced will be: linear in equilibrium rotary a combination

linear

What is defined as the outcome of motor learning? motor development motor control motor behavior motor skills

motor control

The type of pelvic tilt that enables performance of functional activities while seated is: lateral posterior anterior neutral

neutral

Brushing your teeth with your nondominant upper extremity (UE) might best be described as: normal atypical movement normal (enhanced) typical movement abnormal atypical movement normal typical movement

normal atypical movement

What landmark is used to measure internal rotation? coracoid process acromion process olecranon fossa glenoid fossa

olecranon

Postural control is a skill that is: developed in infancy ongoing for infants present at birth mastered in late adult years

ongoing for infants

What is not a measure to increase standardization of ROM? utilizing the same type and size of goniometer selecting the client position that will not limit joint ROM performing MMT in the affected extremity first documenting any influential factors to ROM

performing MMT in the affected extremity first

Kyphosis refers to a curvature of the vertebral column that protrudes in what kinds of direction? lateral anterior posterior inferior

posterior

Which of the following muscles is responsible for tucking the chin and making slight head motions? scalene muscles sternocleidomastoid muscles erector spinae muscles prevertebral muscles

prevertebral muscles

One of the muscles that is often responsible for lower back pain is the: erector spinal muscle transverse spinal muscle quadratus lumborum lattisimus dorsi

quadratus lumborum

Elbow flexion is an example of what type of end feel? firm end feel abnormal end feel hard end feel soft end feel

soft end feel

When working with a client who is experiencing difficulty using the upper extremities from a wheelchair, it is important to observe or assess all of the following except: sitting posture pelvic tilt standing balance balance of trunk muscles

standing balance