Knee Joint

Biceps Femoris

Agonist of knee external rotation

Internal Rotation

Agonists of Knee _____ Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus

Vastus Intermedius

All qudricep muscles are superficial & palpable except _________ (under rectus femoris)

Infrapatellar fat pad

An anatomical variant that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee

Fibula

This bone does not articulate with femur or patella

Patella

This bone is embedded in quadriceps & patellar tendon

Fibula

This bone is not part of knee joint

Patellofemoral Joint

This is classified as arthrodialc

Synovial Cavity

This is known as the "capsule of the knee" it supplies knee with synovial fluid

Knee Joint

This is the largest joint in the body

Synovial Cavity

This lies under patella and between surfaces of tibia & femur

Trocho-Ginglymus Joint

This mean a joint acts as a pivotal and hinge joint

Rectus Femoris

This muscle aids in HIP FLEXION and KNEE EXTENSION

Popliteus

This muscle assist medial hamstrings in knee internal rotation

Sartorius Muscle

This muscle increases its total length & becomes a better flexor at knee when pelvis is rotated posteriorly & stabilized by abdominal muscles

Fibula

This serves as an attachment for knee joint structures?

Articular Cartilage

This type of cartilage surfaces on femur & tibia

Force

To a degree, muscles are able to exert greater ______ when lengthened than when shortened

Q Angle

Angle formed by the intersection of these two lines at the patella is the: Central line of pull for entire quadriceps runs from ASIS to the center of patella Line of pull of patella tendon runs from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity

Contracting Muscle

Biarticular muscles are most effective when either origin or insertion is stabilized to prevent movement in direction of the ________.

Friction

Bursae absorb shock or prevent ______

Eccentric

During deceleration actions the Quadriceps perform what type on contraction?

Internal Rotation

During initial flexion from full extension the knee "unlocks" by tibia performing _______ , to a degree, from its externally rotated position to achieve flexion

The Enlarge femoral consumes articulate on the _________.

Enlarged Tibula Condyles

Vastus Medialis

For people with above normal Q angles, it is particularly important to maintain high levels of strength & endurance in _______ so as to counteract lateral pull of vastus lateralis

squats

Functional weight bearing activities such as step-ups or ______ are particularly useful for strengthening & endurance

Wider Pelvis

Generally, females have higher Q angles due to a _______

Q Angles

Higher ______ generally predispose people in varying degrees to a variety of potential knee problems including: Lateral patellar dislocation, Patellar compression syndrome, Ligamentous injuries

The knee joint acts primarily aswhat type of joint

Hinge Joint

What two types of joints make up the knee joint?

Hinge Joint/ Pivot Joint

Hamstrings

In these muscles strains very common

Collision Sports

Injuries to the MCL occur commonly, particularly in contact or

Lateral

Is the fibula medial or lateral?

40

Knee Flexion occurs at _____ degrees

Fibular (lateral) Ligament

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) is also known as

O

Lateral meniscus is closed like the letter

MCL

Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted

ACL injury

Mechanism often involves noncontact rotary forces associated with planting & cutting, hyperextension, or by violent quadriceps contraction which pulls tibia forward on femur

Is the tibia medial or lateral?

Medial

Gastrocnemius

Medial & lateral __________ heads attach posteriorly on medial & lateral femoral condyles

Key bony landmarks

Medial & lateral femoral condyles Tibial tuberosity Head of fibula Gerdy's tubercle Upper anterior medial tibial surface Superior & inferior patellar poles

C

Medial meniscus is larger & more open like the letter C appearance

Bursae

More than 10 ______ are in & around knee and some are connected to the synovial cavity

Hamstrings

Named for cordlike attachments at knee

20

Normally, angle will be 15 degrees or less for males & ___ degrees or less in females

Quadriceps (RVVV)

Primary muscles for knee extension?

Dynamic Stability

Quadriceps & hamstrings contractions produce ______.

Agonist

The quadriceps are knee extension _______.

Quadriceps

These are generally desired to be 25% to 33% stronger than hamstring group

PCL LCL

These ligament are not often injured

Knee Flexion

These muscles are primarily used for ____: Gracilis Popliteus Gastrocnemius Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Sartorius

Quadriceps

These muscles are vital when jumping and when stopping the jump or landing

Sciatic Nerve

These nerves innervate the hamstrings

Ligaments

These provide static stability

Tibia

What bone of the knee joint bear most of the body weight?

Tibiofemoral Joint

What is the proper name of the Knee joint proper?

Internal Rotation

With knee flexed 30 degrees or > ________ occurs at 30 degrees

External Rotation

With knee flexed 30 degrees or > ________ occurs at 45 degrees

Menisci

______ form cushions between bones

Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments

cross within knee between tibia & femur

ACL Injury

one of most common serious injuries to knee

Flexion

The gastrocnemius assist with what type of knee motion?

Atrophy

Quads are particularly prone to _______ when injuries occur

Pes Anserinus

Sartorius, Gracilis & semiTendinosus join together distally to form __________

External Rotation

Screw Home: As knee approaches full extension tibia must undergo _____ approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of tibial & femoral condyle

Rotation

Screw Home: In full extension of the knee close congruency of articular surfaces no appreciable _____ of knee

Patellofemoral

Strength & endurance is essential for maintenance of _______ stability

Vertical Jump

Strength or power of quadriceps may be indicated by _____ test

Compression & Shear

Tears in Menisci often occur due significant forces during ________ rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running

10

The Knee can extend to 180 degrees (0 degrees of flexion) and can Hyperextension of greater than _____ more degress

Enhance stability

The Menisci: Attached to tibia Deepen tibial fossa ___________

Deepen tibial fossa

The Menisci: Attached to tibia ___________ Enhance stability

Attached to tibia

The Menisci: ___________ Deepen tibial fossa Enhance stability

Pulley

The Patella serves similar to a ______ in improving angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in knee extension

Extension

The Patella serves similar to a pulley in improving angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in ______

Gliding

The Patellofemoral Joint has a ______ nature of patella on femoral condyles

Ginglymus Joint

The Tibiofemoral Joint is classified as a

Flexion-Extension

The Tibofemoral Joint is sometimes referred to as trocho-ginglymus joint because internal & external rotation occur during