Knee Joint
Biceps Femoris
Agonist of knee external rotation
Internal Rotation
Agonists of Knee _____ Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus
Vastus Intermedius
All qudricep muscles are superficial & palpable except _________ (under rectus femoris)
Infrapatellar fat pad
An anatomical variant that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee
Fibula
This bone does not articulate with femur or patella
Patella
This bone is embedded in quadriceps & patellar tendon
Fibula
This bone is not part of knee joint
Patellofemoral Joint
This is classified as arthrodialc
Synovial Cavity
This is known as the "capsule of the knee" it supplies knee with synovial fluid
Knee Joint
This is the largest joint in the body
Synovial Cavity
This lies under patella and between surfaces of tibia & femur
Trocho-Ginglymus Joint
This mean a joint acts as a pivotal and hinge joint
Rectus Femoris
This muscle aids in HIP FLEXION and KNEE EXTENSION
Popliteus
This muscle assist medial hamstrings in knee internal rotation
Sartorius Muscle
This muscle increases its total length & becomes a better flexor at knee when pelvis is rotated posteriorly & stabilized by abdominal muscles
Fibula
This serves as an attachment for knee joint structures?
Articular Cartilage
This type of cartilage surfaces on femur & tibia
Force
To a degree, muscles are able to exert greater ______ when lengthened than when shortened
Q Angle
Angle formed by the intersection of these two lines at the patella is the: Central line of pull for entire quadriceps runs from ASIS to the center of patella Line of pull of patella tendon runs from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity
Contracting Muscle
Biarticular muscles are most effective when either origin or insertion is stabilized to prevent movement in direction of the ________.
Friction
Bursae absorb shock or prevent ______
Eccentric
During deceleration actions the Quadriceps perform what type on contraction?
Internal Rotation
During initial flexion from full extension the knee "unlocks" by tibia performing _______ , to a degree, from its externally rotated position to achieve flexion
The Enlarge femoral consumes articulate on the _________.
Enlarged Tibula Condyles
Vastus Medialis
For people with above normal Q angles, it is particularly important to maintain high levels of strength & endurance in _______ so as to counteract lateral pull of vastus lateralis
squats
Functional weight bearing activities such as step-ups or ______ are particularly useful for strengthening & endurance
Wider Pelvis
Generally, females have higher Q angles due to a _______
Q Angles
Higher ______ generally predispose people in varying degrees to a variety of potential knee problems including: Lateral patellar dislocation, Patellar compression syndrome, Ligamentous injuries
The knee joint acts primarily aswhat type of joint
Hinge Joint
What two types of joints make up the knee joint?
Hinge Joint/ Pivot Joint
Hamstrings
In these muscles strains very common
Collision Sports
Injuries to the MCL occur commonly, particularly in contact or
Lateral
Is the fibula medial or lateral?
40
Knee Flexion occurs at _____ degrees
Fibular (lateral) Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) is also known as
O
Lateral meniscus is closed like the letter
MCL
Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted
ACL injury
Mechanism often involves noncontact rotary forces associated with planting & cutting, hyperextension, or by violent quadriceps contraction which pulls tibia forward on femur
Is the tibia medial or lateral?
Medial
Gastrocnemius
Medial & lateral __________ heads attach posteriorly on medial & lateral femoral condyles
Key bony landmarks
Medial & lateral femoral condyles Tibial tuberosity Head of fibula Gerdy's tubercle Upper anterior medial tibial surface Superior & inferior patellar poles
C
Medial meniscus is larger & more open like the letter C appearance
Bursae
More than 10 ______ are in & around knee and some are connected to the synovial cavity
Hamstrings
Named for cordlike attachments at knee
20
Normally, angle will be 15 degrees or less for males & ___ degrees or less in females
Quadriceps (RVVV)
Primary muscles for knee extension?
Dynamic Stability
Quadriceps & hamstrings contractions produce ______.
Agonist
The quadriceps are knee extension _______.
Quadriceps
These are generally desired to be 25% to 33% stronger than hamstring group
PCL LCL
These ligament are not often injured
Knee Flexion
These muscles are primarily used for ____: Gracilis Popliteus Gastrocnemius Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Sartorius
Quadriceps
These muscles are vital when jumping and when stopping the jump or landing
Sciatic Nerve
These nerves innervate the hamstrings
Ligaments
These provide static stability
Tibia
What bone of the knee joint bear most of the body weight?
Tibiofemoral Joint
What is the proper name of the Knee joint proper?
Internal Rotation
With knee flexed 30 degrees or > ________ occurs at 30 degrees
External Rotation
With knee flexed 30 degrees or > ________ occurs at 45 degrees
Menisci
______ form cushions between bones
Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments
cross within knee between tibia & femur
ACL Injury
one of most common serious injuries to knee
Flexion
The gastrocnemius assist with what type of knee motion?
Atrophy
Quads are particularly prone to _______ when injuries occur
Pes Anserinus
Sartorius, Gracilis & semiTendinosus join together distally to form __________
External Rotation
Screw Home: As knee approaches full extension tibia must undergo _____ approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of tibial & femoral condyle
Rotation
Screw Home: In full extension of the knee close congruency of articular surfaces no appreciable _____ of knee
Patellofemoral
Strength & endurance is essential for maintenance of _______ stability
Vertical Jump
Strength or power of quadriceps may be indicated by _____ test
Compression & Shear
Tears in Menisci often occur due significant forces during ________ rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running
10
The Knee can extend to 180 degrees (0 degrees of flexion) and can Hyperextension of greater than _____ more degress
Enhance stability
The Menisci: Attached to tibia Deepen tibial fossa ___________
Deepen tibial fossa
The Menisci: Attached to tibia ___________ Enhance stability
Attached to tibia
The Menisci: ___________ Deepen tibial fossa Enhance stability
Pulley
The Patella serves similar to a ______ in improving angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in knee extension
Extension
The Patella serves similar to a pulley in improving angle of pull, resulting in greater mechanical advantage in ______
Gliding
The Patellofemoral Joint has a ______ nature of patella on femoral condyles
Ginglymus Joint
The Tibiofemoral Joint is classified as a
Flexion-Extension
The Tibofemoral Joint is sometimes referred to as trocho-ginglymus joint because internal & external rotation occur during