kpe 490 quizzes 9-
Forms part of the cells' phospholipid plasma membrane Question 5 options: A) Choline B) Inosine C) Glycerol D) Glycine
Choline
What substance obtained in food as part of the lecithin molecule acts to either depress fat accumulation in the liver or increase the liver's fatty acids uptake? Question 26 options: A) Choline B) Vanadium C) Glycerol D) Inosine
Choline
Potentiates insulin function Question 12 options: A) Sodium B) Cadmium C) Chromium D) Iron
Chromium
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Question 14 options: A) Classifies as a stimulating drug B) Composed of atoms of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen C) Least abused substance by adolescents, adults, athletes, nonathletes D) Classifies as a depressant drug
Classifies as a depressant drug
Produces significant muscle glycogen "packing" Question 6 options: A) Combining carbohydrate loading with physical activity B) Combining a high-fat diet with physical activity C) Combining anabolic steroids with physical activity D) Combining amino acid supplements with physical activity
Combining carbohydrate loading with physical activity
True regarding glutamine Question 9 options: A) Alters the normal hormonal milieu and training responsiveness in healthy men and women. B) An essential amino acid found primarily in cardiac tissue C) Counters the catabolic effects of cortisol. D) Depresses mood and emotion and should not be consumed.
Counters the catabolic effects of cortisol.
Popular hormone __________ supplemented by some in the hope of optimizing training and countering the effects of aging. Question 15 options: A) ADH B) TSH C) FSH D) DHEA
DHEA
Not a urine characteristic of well-hydrated individuals? Question 17 options: A) Deep yellow-orange in color B) Light in color C) Large volume D) Lacks a strong smell
Deep yellow-orange in color
Undesirable side effect of consuming 30 to 100 grams of pyruvate daily Question 27 options: A) Blunts insulin response B) Prevents facilitated glycogen loading C) Interfere with phenylalanine metabolism D) Diarrhea and some gastrointestinal gurgling and discomfort
Diarrhea and some gastrointestinal gurgling and discomfort
Not a benefit associated with hyperhydration to help protect the athlete against heat stress before exercising in a hot environment? Question 23 options: A) Inhibits the rise in core temperature B) Delays dehydration C) Increases sweating during physical activity D) Dilutes electrolytes in extracellular fluid
Dilutes electrolytes in extracellular fluid
Ergogenic benefit of preexercise bicarbonate loading. Question 22 options: A) Significantly reduces short-term maximal effort in dosages of at least 0.9 g kg-1 body mass B) Dosage influences the potential effects C) Increases heavy resistance training workouts D) Benefits low-intensity aerobic physical activity
Dosage influences the potential effects
Sweat gland classification. Question 19 options: A) Apocrine B) Endocrine C) Exocrine D) Eccrine
Eccrine
__________ refers to a substance which enhances physiologic capacity, exercise performance, or both. Question 14 options: A) Ergogenic B) Exergonic C) Exophthalmic D) Endergonic
Ergogenic
This term comprises those foods and their natural bioactive components for promoting optimal well-being, health, and body function and disease reduction. Question 19 options: A) Functional foods B) Alternative supplements C) Complimentary supplements D) Nutritional supplements
Functional foods
Beta-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Question 1 options: A) Generated from the breakdown of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) B) Generated from the breakdown of the essential branched-chain amino acid leucine C) Generated from the breakdown of the essential monoglyceride glucose D) Generated from the breakdown of the essential branched-chain amino acid alanine
Generated from the breakdown of the essential branched-chain amino acid leucine
__________ is the excessive male mammary gland development observed noted in steroid-using men. Question 9 options: A) Androgyny B) Gynecomastia C) Gynemammalia D) Gynepolymorphia
Gynecomastia
__________, a bioactive metabolite generated from the breakdown of leucine, may decrease protein loss during stress by inhibiting protein catabolism. Question 13 options: A) HGH B) DHEA C) HMB D) Androstenedione
HMB
__________ provide rich creatine sources, containing approximately 4 to 5 grams per kilogram food weight. Question 17 options: A) Avocados B) Cake with chocolate icing C) Carrots and lettuce D) Hamburger, chicken, salmon
Hamburger, chicken, salmon
Hunger-obesity paradox. Question 24 options: A) The obese are always hungry due to psychological factors. B) The obese is always hungry due to physiological factors. C) Hunger and obesity in the same person or group can be explained by the increased lipid content of food eaten when the person lacked adequate financial resources to purchase more healthful foods. D) Hunger and obesity are not related.
Hunger and obesity in the same person or group can be explained by the increased lipid content of food eaten when the person lacked adequate financial resources to purchase more healthful foods.
Occurs when body temperature increases by 5°C or more. Question 26 options: A) Hypothermia B) Hypernatremia C) Hyponatremia D) Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia
Negative effect of alcohol Question 24 options: A) Increases anxiety and tension. B) Increases water retention by increasing antidiuretic hormone release from the posterior pituitary gland. C) Stimulates the liver to synthesize glucose from noncarbohydrate sources via gluconeogenesis. D) Impairs cardiac function.
Impairs cardiac function.
Not associated with creating a distinct performance disadvantage for athletes who use diuretics to lose body water to rapidly "make weight"? Question 24 options: A) Decreased thermoregulatory capabilities B) Increased hematocrit C) Impaired cardiovascular function D) Disproportionate reduction in plasma volume
Increased hematocrit
This effect is not associated with human growth hormone. Question 17 options: A) Conserves glycogen reserves B) Stimulates amino acid uptake C) Inhibits lipid breakdown D) Stimulates muscle protein synthesis
Inhibits lipid breakdown
Represents the best clothing choice for participating in physical activity in hot temperatures? Question 30 options: A) Light-colored, cotton clothing B) Light-colored, moisture-wicking clothing C) Dark-colored, moisture-wicking clothing D) Dark-colored, cotton clothing
Light-colored, moisture-wicking clothing
__________ fabrics worn close to the skin provide optimal transfer of heat and moisture from the skin to the environment. Question 15 options: A) Cotton B) Moisture-wicking C) Nylon D) Polyester
Moisture-wicking
Umami. Question 27 options: A) Relates to a foods consistency B) One of the five basic taste categories C) Method of preparing meat D) Type of farming
One of the five basic taste categories
The use of a cycling helmet is __________ because __________. Question 4 options: A) not recommended, wearing a helmet causes perceived and actual heat strain in riders B) not recommended, wearing a helmet impairs performance and causes heat strain that outweigh any safety benefits C) not recommended, wearing a helmet causes actual heat strain in riders D) recommended, wearing a cycling helmet protects the head from injury and does not cause heat strain
recommended, wearing a cycling helmet protects the head from injury and does not cause heat strain
Increased ambient temperature __________ the effectiveness of heat loss by conduction, convection, and radiation. Question 2 options: A) increases B) supports C) has no effect on D) reduces
reduces
Anabolic steroid use, particularly orally active 17-alkylated androgens in healthy men and women, __________ in plasma lipoproteins. Question 18 options: A) increases the HDL-C-to-LDL-C ratio B) lowers total cholesterol C) reduces high-density lipoprotein cholesterol D) lowers high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
reduces high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
The mechanism for any HMB effect __________. Question 19 options: A) depends on HMB final concentration in vitro B) remains unknown C) depends on HMB final concentration in vivo D) depends on HMB initial concentration
remains unknown
RDIs have been established for the following nutrients except __________. Question 7 options: A) iron B) copper C) sulfur D) vitamin C
sulfur
The water liberated during glycogen breakdown aids in __________ to benefit physical activity in hot environments. Question 24 options: A) liver and pancreatic dynamics B) temperature regulation C) respiratory dynamics D) cardiovascular dynamics
temperature regulation
Anabolic steroids function similarly to the hormone __________. Question 10 options: A) epinephrine B) testosterone C) estrogen D) aldosterone
testosterone
This emerging field of __________ identifies ways to modify biochemical pathways by introducing genes having markedly different properties than the original host plant or animal. Question 11 options: A) immunopsychology B) supplemental pharmacology C) nutritional ecology D) transgenic nutraceuticals
transgenic nutraceuticals
True or false? A survey of 500 steroid users reported that nearly 80% were nonathletes who take these drugs for cosmetic purposes. The majority self-administer with intramuscular injections, with nearly 1 in 10 reporting hazardous injection techniques.
true
True or false? Adequate hydration provides the most effective defense against heat stress.
true
True or false? Advertising purposely attempts to create, shape, and alter perceptions about what we eat and how we engage in physical activity
true
True or false? Alcohol (more specifically ethyl alcohol or ethanol-a form of carbohydrate) classifies as a depressant drug and provides 7 kilocalories of energy per gram (mL) of pure substance (100% or 200% proof).
true
True or false? Amino acid infusion or ingestion has been used in clinically deficient patients to regulate anabolic hormones.
true
True or false? Caffeine enhances motoneuronal excitability and facilitates motor unit recruitment do not result from its direct action on the central nervous system, rather from indirectly stimulating the nervous system by blocking the chemical neuromodulator adenosine to calm brain and spinal cord neurons.
true
True or false? Children exposed to environmental heat stress should exercise at reduced intensity and receive more time to acclimatize than more mature competitors.
true
True or false? Consuming carbohydrate and/or protein supplements immediately following resistance exercise workouts offers a potential ergogenic effect by elevating insulin and growth hormone levels.
true
True or false? Cramping and diarrhea often accompany excess MCT intake.
true
True or false? Dehydration refers to an imbalance in fluid dynamics when fluid intake does not replenish water loss from either hyperhydrated or normally hydrated states.
true
True or false? Delivery systems for the food supplement androstenedione include capsules, percutaneous gels, transdermal patches, chewing gums, and steroid lozenges that dissolve under the tongue.
true
True or false? Drinkers who consume alcohol mixed with energy drinks are three times more likely to binge-drink than drinkers who do not report mixing alcohol with energy drinks.
true
True or false? Drinking 2.5 cups of regularly percolated coffee 1 hour before exercising significantly extends endurance in strenuous aerobic exercise.
true
True or false? Food labels must state whether a product contains allergens such as milk, eggs, peanuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and tree nuts.
true
True or false? For all its popularity among sports enthusiasts (young adult men and women athletes and nonathletes), no data support an ergogenic effect of exogenous DHEA.
true
True or false? Francis G. Benedict and Wilbur Olin Atwater conducted more than 500 experiments concerning rest, exercise, and diet using the Atwater-Rosa respiration calorimeter.
true
True or false? Heat acclimatization refers to the physiologic adaptations to improve heat tolerance.
true
True or false? Human growth hormone (hGH) competes with anabolic steroids in the illicit market of illeged tissue-building performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) without FDA approval.
true
True or false? In the mid-19th century in Europe, a tonic mixture of Bordeaux wine and natural cocaine extracted from cocoa leaves developed by French chemist Ange-François Mariani (1821-1873) was sold as a curative for medicinal and recreational purposes to "rev up" the body. Athletes would consume the drink to ward off fatigue, sometimes during the actual sport performance!
true
True or false? Inadequate water replenishment not only impairs physical activity capacity but also creates life-threatening disturbances in fluid balance and core temperature.
true
True or false? Inferential statistical analysis makes predictions and inferences about a particular population with sample data drawn randomly from the population.
true
True or false? Information on the amount per serving of saturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and other nutrients considered of major health concern to consumers must be included on a food label.
true
True or false? It is required for products labeled as dietary supplements to carry a "Supplement Facts" panel with information similar to the "Nutrition Facts" panel that appears on most processed foods.
true
True or false? Product imagery definitely affects consumer purchases.
true
True or false? Publications in such popular magazines as People, Glamour, Self, Men's Fitness, Muscle and Fitness, Flex, or quasi-professional journals such as Physician and Sports Medicine do not undergo the same degree of review rigor as a peer-reviewed article published in a mainstream sports science-related research journal.
true
True or false? Research remains inconclusive about the endurance-enhancing effect of medium-chain triacylglycerol supplementation.
true
True or false? Somatotropic hormone produced by the pituitary gland's adenohypophysis facilitates tissue-building processes and normal human growth.
true
True or false? Sport-governing bodies do not consider creatine an illegal chemical substance.
true
True or false? Strictly following an adequate water replacement schedule reduces the risk of dehydration and its consequences, particularly hyperthermia.
true
True or false? Supplement manufacturers promote L-carnitine as a "metabolic stimulator" to enhance fat burning and spare glycogen.
true
True or false? Supplements are regulated differently than medications, and companies who sell such products are not required to seek FTC approval before marketing them.
true
True or false? Sweating rate increases directly with increases in ambient temperature.
true
True or false? Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG or "the Clear"), closely related to the banned anabolic steroids gestrinone and trenbolone, represents an anabolic steroid originally designed by an American organic chemist and developed by an American nutritional supplement company to escape detection by standard drug testing.
true
True or false? The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) has responsibilities dedicated to reducing violent crime, collecting revenue, and protecting the public.
true
True or false? The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) enforces the Federal Anti-Tampering Act.
true
True or false? The emerging field of transgenic nutraceuticals uses genes introduced into a host plant or animal to modify a biochemical pathway and thereby "create" a new, "genetically modified" substance with markedly different properties than the original plant or animal.
true
True or false? The ideal experiment to evaluate the performance-enhancing effects of an exogenous supplement requires that experimental and control subjects remain unaware or "unblinded" to the substance administered.
true
True or false? The motivators for making food choices normally lie outside our conscious awareness.
true
True or false? The rate of conductive heat loss depends on the temperature gradient between the skin and surrounding surfaces and their thermal qualities.
true
True or false? The term functional food, beyond meeting three basic nutrition needs for survival, hunger satisfaction, and preventing adverse effects, comprise those foods and their bioactive components (e.g., olive oil, soy products, omega-3 fatty acids, phytochemicals) to promote five major outcome functions and disease risk reduction.
true
True or false? Thermal receptors in the skin provide input from the periphery to modulate hypothalamic activity.
true
True or false? Two articles in the New York Times in August and September 2015 described Coca-Cola's support of academic researchers who founded the Global Energy Balance Network to promote physical activity as an effective method to prevent obesity. The article relied on e-mail evidence to document how Monsanto, the multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation, and the organic food industry recruited professors and researchers to lobby, write, and testify to Congress on their behalf.
true
True or false? Vigilance and mood improve with a carbohydrate beverage administered during a day of sustained aerobic activity interspersed with rest.
true
Lab testing of __________ samples provides the primary drug detection method. Question 30 options: A) urine B) blood C) salivary D) hair
urine
True about clenbuterol Question 6 options: A) Produce similar androgenic side effects in females as do anabolic steroids in males B) β2-Adrenergic agonist C) β2-Adrenergic protagonist D) Lessens fatigue during short-term, intense muscle actions
β2-Adrenergic agonist
Differences between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in terms of protein consumption. Question 1 options: A) Vegetarians always lower by a factor of 3 B) About the same C) Vegetarians always lower D) Vegetarians always higher
about the same
Bicarbonate loading: Question 12 options: A) increases mitochondrial "leakage" from muscle cells into red blood cells B) decreases extracellular NaH2CO3 C) decreases extracellular pH D) allows higher blood lactate accumulation during strenuous anaerobic exercise
allows higher blood lactate accumulation during strenuous anaerobic exercise
Human growth hormone (hGH) Question 20 options: A) decreases bone and cartilage growth and enhances fatty acid oxidation B) catabolic hormone C) produced endogenously by the hypothalamus D) also called somatotropin
also called somatotropin
The supplement __________ is believed to directly stimulate endogenous testosterone production or form androgen-like derivatives. Question 6 options: A) HGH B) androstenedione C) dihydrotestosterone D) 17-hydroxy-progesterone
androstenedione
The __________ aspect of the body's buffering system provides guards against increased intracellular H ion concentration. Question 3 options: A) carbon dioxide B) lactate C) intracellular phosphate D) bicarbonate
bicarbonate
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) require __________ for incorporation into chylomicrons for transport through lymph for deposit as fat. Question 15 options: A) bile salts for digestion B) thyroxine C) emulsification with short-chain fatty acids D) inosine
bile salts for digestion
The temperature of deep tissues is known as __________ temperature. Question 21 options: A) superficial B) muscle C) shell D) core
core
Creatine supplementation __________ high level aerobic energy transfer. Question 13 options: A) does not improve B) slightly improves C) decreases D) dramatically improves
does not improve
Pre-exercise hyperhydration __________ the need to continually replace fluid during physical activity. Question 1 options: A) does not replace B) dramatically reduces C) increases D) eliminates
does not replace
The ideal research methodology to evaluate performance-enhancing effects of an exogenous supplement requires that experimental and control subjects remain unaware of the substance administered in a design called __________. Question 7 options: A) baseline level research B) random assignment C) double-blind, placebo-controlled D) single-blind
double-blind, placebo-controlled
General side effects of amphetamines include all of the following except __________. Question 4 options: A) tremulousness B) drowsiness C) headache D) insomnia
drowsiness
True or false? The new genetic engineering technique of CRISPR (acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), discovered by UC Berkeley American biochemist Jennifer Doudna, has opened up a new era for the proper medical intervention into disease, and not for "gene doping" advocated by some to thwart illegal drug use in sports.
false
True or false? The pituitary gland contains the central coordinating center for temperature regulation.
false
Androstenedione produced in the __________ serves as an intermediary step that eventually forms testosterone, estrone, and estradiol. Question 18 options: A) gonads and liver B) gonads and hypothalamus C) gonads and adrenal glands D) gonads and pituitary gland
gonads and adrenal glands
Androstenedione occurs naturally __________ and some plant extracts. Question 29 options: A) in the liver B) in meats C) in polyphenols D) in protein powders
in meats
Large-scale epidemiological studies have linked __________ to dietary practices. Question 29 options: A) many forms of cancer B) stress management techniques C) smoking D) daily exercise patterns
many forms of cancer
The areas of responsibility for the CFSAN do not include: Question 22 options: A) meat products B) cosmetics and colors C) plant and dairy foods and beverages D) food labeling
meat products
During digestion, __________ hydrolyze by lipase action in the mouth, stomach, and duodenum to glycerol and MCFAs. Question 8 options: A) medium-chain triacylglycerols B) fruits and vegetables C) grain products D) sirloin steak, baked chicken, and sea bass
medium-chain triacylglycerols
Many popular articles and advertisements tout inosine as an amino acid when, in fact, it is a __________ found naturally in brewer's yeast (e.g., used to make beer and bread) and various organ meats (e.g., kidney and liver). Question 10 options: A) polypeptide B) glycoprotein C) nucleic acid derivative D) dipeptide
nucleic acid derivative
The blood-boosting drug __________ is a genetically engineered copy of the kidney hormone erythropoietin. Question 21 options: A) recombinant epocyte B) renin C) recombinant epoetin D) recombinant erythro
recombinant epoetin
True or false? "Stacking" refers to using amphetamines every other week.
false
True or false? A daily intake of 1500 calories serves as the reference number of calories for determining the DRVs for the energy-producing nutrients.
false
True or false? According to an ACSM Position statement, anabolic-androgenic steroids with an adequate diet and training can contribute to decreases in body weight, often in the lean to fat mass compartment.
false
True or false? Aldosterone facilitates sodium absorption by the small intestine.
false
True or false? Chromium serves as a cofactor for potentiating glucagon function.
false
True or false? Creatine increases intermuscular creatine and phosphocreatine, enhances aerobic power output capacity, and facilitates recovery from two to four bouts of intense effort within 60-minutes.
false
True or false? Excessive water intake under certain physical activity conditions can produce potentially serious medical complications from the syndrome known as hyper-dehydration.
false
True or false? Five outcome strategies of functional food science include bioregulation, biodefense, and reduced muscle fatigue from overly strenuous physical activity.
false
True or false? Heat exhaustion is the most serious and complex heat-stress malady and requires immediate medical attention.
false
True or false? Less than 60 minutes of intense exercise requires extremely high levels of carbohydrate intake and glycogen reserves.
false
True about caffeine. Question 28 options: A) Consuming five to six cups of coffee over a 30-minute period decreases urinary caffeine levels B) Causes headache, insomnia, and nervous irritability and produces premature left ventricular contractions C) Potent antidiuretic. D) Depresses central nervous system function
Causes headache, insomnia, and nervous irritability and produces premature left ventricular contractions
True or false? Manufacturers are required to register their products with the FDA or obtain FDA approval before producing or selling dietary supplements.
false
True or false? Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are converted proteins, which enhance fat metabolism and conserve glycogen during endurance exercise due to their relatively slow rate of digestion, assimilation, and energy catabolism.
false
True or false? Research demonstrates that extreme physical activity in a hot environment increases the requirements for all fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
false
True or false? The Federal Trade Commission does not have the authority to remove a product from the marketplace if the product's claims lack verification.
false
True or false? The WADS (World Anti Doping Society) and USOCS (United States Office of Controlled Substances) do not include DHEA on their banned substance lists at zero-tolerance levels.
false
True or false? The clothing worn by the typical recreational physical activity thwarts the dissipation of heat generated during physical activity to a greater extent than the uniform of American football players.
false
What nongovernmental agency publishes information about a variety of food- and health-related topics, including analyses of menu items from different ethnic eateries? Question 2 options: A) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition B) Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) C) ConsumerLab D) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI)
The FDA regulates the __________ of biologicals such as insulin and vaccines. Question 17 options: A) proper doses B) purity and effectiveness C) expiration/shelf-life D) proper handling
purity and effectiveness
"High" on the new food label means the food contains __________ or more of the daily value. Question 3 options: A) 10% B) 5% C) 20% D) 15%
20%
"Low fat" on the new food label means fewer than __________ grams of fat per serving. Question 18 options: A) 2 B) 1 C) 3 D) 4
3
Organics as a percent of the overall food market purchases in the U.S. Question 16 options: A) 2 B) 4 C) 15 D) 10
4
Amount of body heat (kcal) lost for each liter of sweat evaporated from the body's surfaces. Question 6 options: A) 5 B) 580 C) 300 D) 3500
580
One cup of brewed coffee generally contains between __________ of caffeine. Question 26 options: A) 60 and 150 milligrams B) 60 and 150 micrograms C) 60 and 150 ounces D) 60 and 150 grams
60 and 150 milligrams
A moderate workout generally produces a __________ sweat loss over a 1-hour period. Question 29 options: A) 0.5- to 1.5-liter B) 0.5- to 1.5-milliliter C) 2- to 4-liter D) 2- to 4-milliliter
0.5- to 1.5-liter
In all cases, the new food label lists amounts per __________. Question 10 options: A) 1 kg body weight B) 1 serving C) package D) 1 gram
1 serving
Fluid loss as little as __________ of body mass increases rectal temperature compared to exercising in the heat without fluid loss. Question 18 options: A) 1% B) 7% C) 5% D) 3%
1%
Emissions from livestock can account for about __________ of global total GHGs. Question 6 options: A) 15% B) 10% C) 3% D) 5%
15%
Metabolically, inosine serves as an energy substrate for __________. Question 18 options: A) CP catabolism B) CP anabolism C) ATP resynthesis D) ATP synthesis
ATP resynthesis
__________ exerts a stimulating effect on central nervous system functions. Question 8 options: A) Pangamic acid B) Buffering agents C) TMJ adjustment D) Amphetamines
Amphetamines
Substances function similarly to testosterone. Question 1 options: A) Estrogens B) Growth hormones C) Amphetamines D) Anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids
__________, designed for therapeutic medical use, became prominent in the early 1950s to treat patients deficient in natural androgens or with muscle-wasting diseases. Question 5 options: A) HGH B) Creatine C) DHEA D) Anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids
Structural component of the internal layer of plasma membranes that surrounds all cells and may modify body's neuroendocrine stress response. Question 26 options: A) Androstenedione B) β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate C) Phosphatidylserine D) Aldosterone
Phosphatidylserine
What is the possible role of the brain's glycogen content in resisting fatigue when glucose supply from the blood becomes inadequate, a condition called hypoglycemia? Question 11 options: A) No change in fatiguing conditions. B) Automatically increases in fatiguing conditions. C) Preliminary findings with animals showed that decreases in brain glycogen content may link to central brain fatigue when physical activity exceeds 2 hours. D) Brain activity in the animals decreased substantially during 60 minutes of treadmill running.
Preliminary findings with animals showed that decreases in brain glycogen content may link to central brain fatigue when physical activity exceeds 2 hours.
Body heat loss that occurs via electromagnetic heat waves. Question 20 options: A) Convection B) Conduction C) Evaporation D) Radiation
Radiation
The ingredient list on a food label. Question 9 options: A) Represents each ingredient's listing in descending order of predominance by number of grams B) Represents each ingredient's listing in descending order of predominance by weight C) Represents each ingredient's listing in descending order of predominance by volume D) Can use abbreviations on the label
Represents each ingredient's listing in descending order of predominance by weight
What two organizations work together to help consumers choose more healthful diets and offer an incentive to food companies to improve the nutritional qualities of their products? Question 4 options: A) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) B) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) C) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) D) The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
Which of the following is the mission of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)? Question 20 options: A) To enforce a variety of federal antitrust and consumer protection laws B) To ensure that the food supply remains safe, nutritious, and wholesome C) To regulate the use and sales of tobacco, alcohol, and firearms D) All of the above
To ensure that the food supply remains safe, nutritious, and wholesome
Deals with farm and foreign agricultural services; food, nutrition, and consumer services; food safety; marketing and regulatory programs; natural resources; and environment. Question 11 options: A) USDA B) FDA C) FTC D) CFSAN
USDA
Men and women possess __________ to accumulate muscle glycogen when fed comparable amounts of carbohydrate relative to their lean body mass. Question 23 options: A) about the same capacity B) no capacity C) equal capacity D) unequal capacity
equal capacity
An amphetamine-like alkaloid compound, banned by the FDA, exhibits sympathomimetic physiologic effects: Question 25 options: A) erythropoietin B) ferritin C) thyroxine D) hemosiderin
erythropoietin (wrong because its ephedrine but not a ****ing answer? ok)
Vanadium Question 28 options: A) exhibits human insulin-like properties B) is commonly consumed by bodybuilders because there is no toxic effect if consumed in excess C) apples provide the best "natural" source of vanadium D) not involved in stimulating glycogen synthesis
exhibits human insulin-like properties
Consuming carbohydrate __________ creatine loading. Question 4 options: A) dramatically decreases B) facilitates C) does not improve D) slightly decreases
facilitates
L-carnitine: Question 3 options: A) small intestine stores about 95% of the body's total. B) facilitates long-chain fatty acid influx into the mitochondrial matrix to enter β-oxidation during energy metabolism C) protein-containing, vitamin-like compound found mostly in meat and vegetable products D) liver cells store about 95% of the body's total
facilitates long-chain fatty acid influx into the mitochondrial matrix to enter β-oxidation during energy metabolism
In the tissues, MCFAs move through the plasma membrane and diffuse across the inner mitochondrial membrane for __________. Question 2 options: A) semipermeable condensation B) hydrolysis C) oxidation D) reduction
oxidation
The critical review and evaluation of research by colleagues with expertise in the specific area of investigation is __________. Question 7 options: A) joint review B) research review C) peer review D) statistical analysis
peer review
A pathologic condition called __________ occurs from the effects of androgens on the liver, when multiple, randomly distributed blood-filled cavities of pathologic origin develop, raining in diameter from millimeters to several centimeters. Question 4 options: A) bacterial encephalitis B) cirrhosis C) peliosis hepatis D) viral hepatitis
peliosis hepatis
Additives include all of the following except __________. Question 12 options: A) emulsifiers B) pesticides C) bleaches D) flavoring agents
pesticides
PCr serves as the cells' "energy reservoir" to provide rapid __________ to resynthesize ATP in the reversible creatine kinase reaction. Question 19 options: A) phosphate-bond energy B) creatine as a nitrogen source C) intermuscular energy sources D) ATP bond energy
phosphate-bond energy
Glutamine exerts many regulatory functions. The main function that attracts many bodybuilders is that it __________. Question 10 options: A) provides a catabolic effect that augments protein synthesis B) provides an anticatabolic effect and augments protein synthesis C) provides a catabolic effect that inhibits protein synthesis D) reduces glycogen stores
provides an anticatabolic effect and augments protein synthesis
Appetite represents the desire to eat and is mainly associated with a __________. Question 21 options: A) response to the body's central and peripheral system B) craving for high-fat, high-sugar food C) the physiological drive to eat D) psychological urge for a particular food
psychological urge for a particular food