Landscaping: Irrigation
What are the ideal depths of the mainline and of the lateral lines?
18 inch to 24 inch and 8 inch to 12 inch
Evidence of irrigation dates back as far as ---- B.C.
5400
What percentage of water is able to reach the crops due to higher application efficiency?
98%
Center pivot systems are which of the following?
All of the above
Soil provides ------- to plants.
All of the above
The sprinkler is the outlet that controls the release of water. T/F?
False
A preferred structure of soil which has ------ sized pore spaces which allow for some drainage, yet do not hold water too closely to the soil particles.
Medium
What material is usually used to repair breaks in pipe or fittings?
PVC
Which of the following is NOT used to glue PVC together?
PVC glue
What is the function of field control wires?
To carry an electrical current from the controller to the valve
Why is a back-flow prevention device installed on an irrigation system?
To prevent water in the system from flowing back into the domestic water supply
Micro irrigation is frequent, low volume, low pressure application of water on or beneath the soil surface.T /F?
True
Soil texture cannot be changed or destroyed. T/F?
True
Sprinkler irrigation systems mimic or replace rainfall during dry weather. T/F?
True
What is a hybrid controller?
Uses mechanical controls and solid state timing mechanism
In what areas of the country are hydraulic lines often used to control valves?
Where lightning is a problem
What component is always part of the point of connection?
a valve-usually gate or ball
Which controller setting should be checked?
all of the above
Which material may be used for irrigation?
all of the above
Which of the following is a possible source of water for an irrigation system?
all of the above
Which of the following factors affect the choice of sprinklers?
application of plantings
What does fertigation allow the producer to do?
apply fertilizer whenever necessary
What type of climate is irrigation mostly used in?
arid
Where do most breaks occur?
at or below the sprinkler head
Which of the following is a system which applies water in small fountain like streams on the soil surface?
basin bubblers
When using a multimeter to test the controller, what reading indicated the system is operating properly?
between 17 and 30 volts
How can you override the electrical control of the valve?
bleed valves
What are the components of the anti-siphon valve?
both A and B
What are some maintenance considerations of controllers?
both A and C
---- are used to water shrubs and ground cover areas.
bubblers
What is the process of delivering pesticides and herbicides to crops through an irrigation system?
chemigation
What is the main maintenance need of hydraulic systems?
clean the filters
What is the most important maintenance requirement of sprinklers?
cleaning debris form nozzle
What two specifically-designed fittings were described in the presentation?
compression and slip
------ is a form of controlled surface flooding in which there are no flow constraints along the length of the run and the water moves down the slope.
contour ditch irrigation
What activates the valves and irrigation zones of the system at timed intervals?
controller
What is the greatest problem with control wires?
corrosion
-------- and micro sprayers apply water directly to soil.
drip emitters
What are two types of heads used in shrub planting?
drip emitters and fixed head with spray
Which of the following is an example of localized irrigation?
drip irrigation
How is a valve activated electronically?
electrical control through hydraulic tubing
What is applied to crops and soil through fertigation?
fertilizer
As a rule of thumb, ---- textured soils have a lower water capacity than ------ textured soils.
finer; coarser
What is the function of a ground fault locator?
helps locate problems in field wiring
Which of the following is a factor which can influence evapotranspiration?
humidity
Where should the field control wires be located?
in the mainline trench, below the pipe
Why is expertise in irrigation operation NOT important for landscape managers?
individuals with more experience can purchase replacement parts at a lower cost
Of the worlds fresh water withdrawals, 60% is used for which of the following?
irrigation
What do producers use in order to provide adequate water to plants?
irrigation
Which of the following is a result of using irrigation technologies?
irrigation systems are more efficient
Why can a single pressure vacuum breaker serve a;; the downstream valves?
it is installed on the pressurized side of the valves
Which factor causes permanent wilting point to occur?
lack of water in the soil
The ------, is a combination of the other two systems, and it moves continuously throughout the field on towers like pivots.
linear system
What documentation is useful during the troubleshooting process?
manuals for valves and controllers and a schematic plan
What are two types of controllers?
mechanical and solid state
Which of the following is NOT applied to crops or soil through irrigation systems?
nutrients
What is another term for sprinkler irrigation?
overhead irrigation
Which of the following is a system in which point source emitters apply water at the soil surface in discrete or continuous drops, tiny streams or low volume fountain through small openings?
point source emitters
In most grass areas, ------ are used.
pop-up sprinklers
Which of the following is NOT a benefit in using an irrigation system to apply chemicals and fertilizer?
products are only applied at one time
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to control irrigation equipment?
remote
What is the most common maintenance requirement of valves?
repair of cleaning of diaphragm
Which of the following is NOT and advantage of an automatic irrigation system?
requires no maintenance
What is the most common example of a manual valve?
residential faucet
Which of the following is NOT a method of activating valves?
residentially
What crop was watered by the Chinese using flood irrigation?
rice
Which soil and plant condition indicates a need for irrigation?
rooting depth
---- rotate mechanically to distribute water.
rotor heads
What schedule pipe is commonly used for pressurized underground line?
schedule 40
What is the most important safety measure you must take before repairing or cleaning a valve?
shut off the main water supply
The ----- is best adapted for rectangular fields.
side roll sprinkler system.
What term describes the quantity of water contained in a soil?
soil moisture
If the valve cannot be operated electrically, but has a correct level of current at the solenoid, what might the problem lie?
solenoid
What electrical component of the valve do we test?
solenoid
Which of the following is a system which applies water at the soil surface by spraying droplets from small, low pressure sprinkler heads?
spray or mini sprinklers
Which of the following is a system which uses surface or buried tubing with evenly spaced emitters?
spray or mini sprinklers
Which irrigation method is becoming increasingly common in watering greenhouse crops?
subirrigation
Which of the following is a system in which the application of water is below the soil surface through emitters?
subsurface drip irrigation
------ is the application of water through surges to furrows, wills, or borders in a series of on and off periods of constant or variable time spans.
surge irrigation
Which irrigation method is very labor intensive and allows water to flow down steps cut into the land to irrigate plants?
terraced irrigation
The biggest advantage of irrigation id the crop yield can be up to ------- times that of dry land farming, resulting in an increase of crop diversification.
three
What is the function of the controller?
to activate the valves
Why is a union used to connect the back-flow prevention device?
to make it easy to remove
The -------- uses a large capacity nozzle and high pressure to through out water onto the crop.
travelling gun system
Which of the following is NOT a type of sub-irrigation systems?
trickle irrigation
Which of the following is NOT a precaution that must be exercised before servicing the irrigation system/
turn on pressurized water
--- is irrigating croplands without uniformity or efficiency.
uncontrolled flooding
Which of the following is NOT and environmental sign of a malfunctioning irrigation system?
uneven ground
what is irrigation?
untreated wastewater
Which of the following does NOT allow for higher efficient in irrigation systems?
using higher pressures through application devices
Which of the following is NOT a factor used to determine an area's need for irrigation?
water absorption rate
Which of the following CANNOT be controlled by irrigation control technology?
weather
What is the point of connection?
where incoming water is connected to the irrigation system
How should any break in the insulation be repaired?
with waterproof connectors