Learning Curve: 6a How Do We Learn? and Classical Conditioning

Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) _____ comes after a(n) _____.

CS; US

Dr. Jones is known for his difficult pop quizzes. Immediately before he springs a pop quiz on his students, he typically goes to the classroom door and closes it, and his students begin to feel anxious and tense. Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz and feel anxious whenever Dr. Jones closes the classroom door. Closing the door has become a _____.

conditioned stimulus

In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the _____ was the unconditioned response (UR).

fear of a loud noise

DeMarcus drinks several cups of coffee a day. Often DeMarcus experiences an almost immediate sense of alertness when he smells a fresh cup of coffee, even though it takes about 20 minutes for the caffeine in the coffee to reach significant levels in the bloodstream. He decides, with the encouragement of his physician, to quit drinking coffee. At first he still experiences the alertness when he smells freshly brewed coffee but after about 10 days he no longer experiences the effect. The lack of alertness when he smells coffee is an example of:

extinction

Clive was mugged at gunpoint in a parking garage. His attacker was wearing strong cologne, and he now hates to go through the male fragrance department at the department store, will not be alone by himself with any man, and will not park in any garages. This reaction best illustrates _____.

generalization

Desean just started his vacation from work and scheduled a tee time with friends to play golf Monday morning. On Monday morning he started driving his car to work instead of the golf course. Driving his car to work instead of the golf course is an example of a _____ behavior.

habitual

John just started his vacation from work and scheduled a tee time with friends to play golf Monday morning. On Monday morning he started driving his car to work instead of the golf course. Driving his car to work instead of the golf course is an example of a(n):

habitual behavior

According to psychologists, learning:

is the process of acquiring, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors, through experience.

Pauline is learning how to play tennis. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Pauline patiently watches. Pauline then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. This is an example of _____ learning.

observational

Michael wanted to train his dog, Buddy, to come to him when called. Every time Michael called Buddy and he came, Michael would give him a treat and pet him. Soon Buddy would come every time he was called. Michael is using _____ conditioning to train Buddy.

operant

Macy gave her dog a treat each time she came to Macy when she called her by name. Soon the dog came every time Macy called the dog by name. This is an example of:

operant conditioning.

One of Pavlov's major contributions to the field of psychology was to show how:

the discipline of psychology could be based on objective laboratory methods.

Most learning involves the process of association. With classical conditioning, an organism comes to associate _____ stimuli.

two

In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the fear of a loud nose was the _____.

unconditioned response

Suzanne had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she underwent a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The nausea from the chemotherapy is the _____.

unconditioned response

Carla had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she underwent a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The nausea from the chemotherapy is the:

unconditioned response.