LearnSmart #10

The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral

chloride

Which of the following is NOT a good source of magnesium?

refined grains

Which of the following are good sources of calcium?

-Bok choy -cheese -sardines canned in oil with bones

Enzymes that require manganese function in the following processes:

-antioxidant activities -bone formation -wound healing

Which of the following are good plant sources of iron?

-baked beans -pumpkin seeds -whole-grains total cereal

Which of the following are good sources of iron?

-beef liver -boiled soybeans

Which of the following are functions of calcium?

-bone building -bone clotting -muscle function

Persons at high risk of developing magnesium toxicity include

-elderly patients -patients with kidney failure

Rank where water is lost in the body in order from the greatest source of loss to the least.

1. urine 2. insensible perspiration and sweat 3. expired air 4. feces

The adequate intake for total water approximately ___ cups per day for young women

11

Dairy products such as milk and cheese, provide about 25% of the calcium in North American diets

False

The protein in muscle cells that controls oxygen uptake from red blood cells and contains iron is

Myoglobin

The passage of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a less concentrated region to a more concentrated region is called

Osmosis

Through what process does the body use water to regulate body temperature?

Perspiration

How are trace minerals different from major minerals?

Requirements for trace minerals are less than 100 mg/day, whereas requirements for major minerals are 100 mg/day or more

The primary function of iron is to

aid in oxygen transportation

An iron deficiency can lead to the development of impaired oxygen transport in the blood, a condition known as iron deficiency ___

anemia

Forming and maintaining __ are calcium's major roles in the body

bones

Name a mineral that is mostly stored in bones and teeth

calcium

The absorption of ____ is enhanced if taken with vitamin D, ingested with a meal, and by taking only 500 mg at one time

calcium

Coffee, tea, and energy drinks acts as a ___ increasing urine production.

diuretic

Consuming vitamin D with meals that contain iron is the best way to increase your absorption of iron

false

What is the main function of potassium?

fluid balance

The consumption of excess fluoride over a long time period can result in

fluorosis

persistently elevated blood pressure is called

hypertension

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

iodine

According to the World Health Organization, many cases of anemia are due to _______ deficiency.

iron

Zinc ___ widespread in the food chain

is

What is the main source of heme iron?

meat

The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil, and water is called __.

minerals

Obtaining adequate amounts of calcium from foods and performing weight-bearing exercises are good ways for a young person to prevent ____ later in life.

osteoporosis

The chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure is called ____.

osteoporosis

Milk is a ___ food source of iron

poor

Iron is an important component in:

red blood cells

The safely standards for bottled water are __ to those for tap water

similar

The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration is called ____ ______

simple diffusion

What does water move if a cell has fewer sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding

the water moves into the surrounding solution

Select the primary function of iodine

thyroid hormone synthesis

T:F If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result

true

Minerals are soluble in

water

Signs and symptoms of water intoxication include

-inability to coordinate movements -weight gain -drowsiness -nausea and vomiting

T:F Sodium ions are necessary for maintaining fluid balance in the body

True

The form of iron present in hemoglobin and myoglobin is called ___ ____

heme iron

The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and contains iron is

hemoglobin

Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving

mushrooms 1/2 cup

The mineral that is component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is

sulfur

The DASH diet used to help lower blood pressure is

-high in fruits -high in vegetables -low in cholesterol -low in sodium

In the body, copper is involved in

-immune function -collagen production -iron metabolism

Which of the following are vegetarian sources of iron?

-mushrooms -kidney beans -whole-grain total cereal

The Al of 1500 mg/day for sodium does not apply to the following:

-people who work in hot extremely hot conditions -marathon runners

What are the main sources of sodium in typical American diets?

-preparation of foods in restaurants -processed foods

Which of the following are major minerals?

-sodium -potassium -calcium

Possible causes of hypertension include

-sodium intake -advanced age -obesity

The roles for fluoride in the body involve the

-strengthening of teeth -strengthening of bones

The consumption of a diet high in which mineral is associated with an increased risk of hypertension?

sodium

A(n) __ is a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve

solvent

Select all of the dietary changes a person could make to increase iron absorption.

-choose a rich source of vitamin C, such as a glass of orange juice, when taking an iron supplement -consume nonheme sources of iron in combination with heme sources of iron

Examples of diuretics include

-coffee -tea -caffeine

Ways to lower your sodium intake include

-eating less processed foods -using less table salt -reading nutrition labels carefully choosing low-sodium foods

When the thyroid gland enlarges to absorb more iodide, this enlargement is termed a

goiter