Lecture quiz peripheral nervous system
Which of the following occurs first if we are to become aware of a mosquito on our arm? Select one: a. A graded potential in the central nervous system b. A graded potential in the peripheral nervous system c. An action potential in the central nervous system d. An action potential in the peripheral nervous system
A graded potential in the peripheral nervous system
When we begin to contract our hamstrings, what happens to the rate of action potential generation in neurons innervating the quadriceps? Select one: a. Action potential generation slows b. Action potential generation speeds up c. Action potential generation would not be affected
Action potential generation slows
Many choice: Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system? Select one or more: a. Autonomic ganglia b. The spinal cord c. Spinal nerves d. Cranial nerves e. The brain
Autonomic ganglia Spinal nerves Cranial nerves
A spinal reflex causing contraction of skeletal muscle involves neurons in the Select one: a. Central nervous system only b. Peripheral nervous system only c. Both central and peripheral nervous systems
Both central and peripheral nervous systems
The stomach is innervated by ____________ neurons Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic d. Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic
Cell bodies of lower motor neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS
Central nervous system
Cell bodies of second-order sensory neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS
Central nervous system
Cell bodies of third-order sensory neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS
Central nervous system
Cell bodies of upper motor neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS
Central nervous system
Many choice: Which of the following could cause a graded membrane potential in a peripheral nerve? Select one or more: a. Chemicals b. Light c. Vibration d. Change in temperature e. Mechanical stretch
Chemicals Light Vibration Change in temperature Mechanical stretch
Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in cold-sensing neurons? Select one: a. Cold-sensing neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials. b. Cold-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow. c. Cold-sensing neurons would remain hyperpolarized and never fire action potentials. d. Cold-sensing neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.
Cold-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow.
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ___________ in blood vessel smooth muscle Select one: a. Contraction b. Relaxation
Contraction
Many choice: Axons of parasympathetic nerves travel in Select one: a. Cranial nerves b. Cervical nerves c. Thoracic nerves d. Lumbar nerves e. Sacral nerves
Cranial nerves
Acetylcholine release at the heart would ___________ heart rate Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease
Decrease
Acetylcholine release in parasympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease
Decrease
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Affect only skeletal muscle
Decrease heart rate
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in airway smooth muscle Select one: a. Increased b. Decreased
Decreased
If acetylcholine release increases in parasympathetic ganglia, it probably __________ in sympathetic ganglia. Select one: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Would not change. ACh is not involved in sympathetic signaling.
Decreases
Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, cold sensing neurons would initially Select one: a. Depolarize quickly b. Hyperpolarize quickly c. Not change their membrane potential
Depolarize quickly
All long autonomic reflexes involve synapses in the hypothalamus. Select one: a. True b. False
False
All motor neurons have cell bodies in the central nervous system. Select one: a. True b. False
False
All reflexes must involve the central nervous system. Select one: a. True b. False
False
Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, warm sensing neurons would initially Select one: a. Depolarize rapidly b. Hyperpolarize rapidly c. Not change their membrane potential
Hyperpolarize rapidly
The master regulator of autonomic activity is located in the Select one: a. Cerebrum b. Hypothalamus c. Thalamus d. Cerebellum e. Brainstem
Hypothalamus
Acetylcholine release in sympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease
Increase
An injury that affects spinal nerves T1 and T2 could decrease our ability to Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Both increase and decrease heart rate
Increase heart rate
Beta 1 adrenergic receptors Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Affect only skeletal muscle
Increase heart rate
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in blood vessel smooth muscle Select one: a. Increased b. Decreased
Increased
Many choice: Spinal nerves may be Select one or more: a. Sensory only b. Motor only c. Mixed
Mixed
If a patient exhibits no muscle tone and an inability to contract skeletal muscle, you would suspect a problem with Select one: a. Upper motor neurons b. Lower motor neurons c. First order sensory neurons d. Second order sensory neurons e. Third order sensory neurons
NOT ANOT D NOT C NOT E
Can a lower motor neuron cause a graded hyperpolarization at the motor end plate? Select one: a. Yes b. No
No
Does acetylcholine always cause depolarization of its target cell? Select one: a. Yes b. No
No
Does epinephrine cause depolarization of all target tissue? Select one: a. Yes b. No
No
Must a reflex include an interneuron? Select one: a. Yes b. No
No
Pain-sensing neurons are slowly adapting. If we were exposed to a painful stimulus over time, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in nociceptive neurons? Select one: a. Nociceptive neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials. b. Nociceptive neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow. c. Nociceptive neurons would remain hyperpolarized and never fire action potentials. d. Nociceptive neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.
Nociceptive neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials.
The fastest reflex causing muscle contraction would involve Select one: a. One synapse b. Two synapses c. More than two synapses
One synapse
Cell bodies of first-order sensory neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS
Peripheral nervous system
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause ___________ in airway smooth muscle Select one: a. Contraction b. Relaxation
Relaxation
If we could not feel someone touch our lateral malleolus (fibula), you would suspect damage to axons that belong to spinal nerve Select one: a. L3 b. S2 c. S1 d. L4 e. Any spinal nerve with axons in the sacral plexus f. Any spinal nerve with axons in the lumbar plexus g. L5
S1
Many choice: Cranial nerves may be Select one or more: a. Sensory only b. Motor only c. Mixed
Sensory only Motor only Mixed
A postganglionic neuron with a long axon is probably Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Somatic
Sympathetic
Blood vessels in the arm are innervated by ___________ neurons Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic d. Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic
Sympathetic
If we tap the patellar tendon with a hammer, which of the following happens first? Select one: a. The quadriceps contracts b. We perceive the tap
The quadriceps contracts
When we begin to contract our hamstrings, what happens to the average voltage in dendrites of neurons innervating the quadriceps? Select one: a. The voltage drops b. The voltage increases c. The voltage would not change
The voltage drops
Many choice: Axons of sympathetic nerves travel in Select one or more: a. Cranial nerves b. Cervical nerves c. Thoracic nerves d. Lumbar nerves e. Sacral nerves
Thoracic nerves Lumbar nerves
The fastest reflex causing muscle relaxation would involve Select one: a. One synapse b. Two synapses c. More than two synapses
Two synapses
If a patient exhibits hyperreflexia and spastic paralysis, you would suspect a problem with Select one: a. Upper motor neurons b. Lower motor neurons c. First order sensory neurons d. Second order sensory neurons e. Third order sensory neurons
Upper motor neurons
Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in warm-sensing neurons? Select one: a. Warm-sensing neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials. b. Warm-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow. c. Warm-sensing neurons would remain hyperpolarized and never fire action potentials. d. Warm-sensing neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.
Warm-sensing neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.
Can autonomic activity be affected by conscious thought? Select one: a. Yes b. No
Yes
For reciprocal inhibition to occur, must an interneuron be involved? Select one: a. Yes b. No
Yes
If we cut only the left lateral corticospinal tract above T6, would the patellar reflex still be active in the left leg? Select one: a. No b. Yes
Yes
If we cut only the left lateral spinothalamic tract above T6, could we feel a hammer tap to our right patellar tendon? (Assume that "feeling" the tap would include receiving signals from any mechanoreceptor located in the area, including pain, touch, proprioception, etc...).
Yes
If we cut only the left lateral spinothalamic tract above T6, would the patellar reflex still be active in the left leg? Select one: a. No b. Yes
Yes