Lecture quiz peripheral nervous system

Which of the following occurs first if we are to become aware of a mosquito on our arm? Select one: a. A graded potential in the central nervous system b. A graded potential in the peripheral nervous system c. An action potential in the central nervous system d. An action potential in the peripheral nervous system

A graded potential in the peripheral nervous system

When we begin to contract our hamstrings, what happens to the rate of action potential generation in neurons innervating the quadriceps? Select one: a. Action potential generation slows b. Action potential generation speeds up c. Action potential generation would not be affected

Action potential generation slows

Many choice: Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system? Select one or more: a. Autonomic ganglia b. The spinal cord c. Spinal nerves d. Cranial nerves e. The brain

Autonomic ganglia Spinal nerves Cranial nerves

A spinal reflex causing contraction of skeletal muscle involves neurons in the Select one: a. Central nervous system only b. Peripheral nervous system only c. Both central and peripheral nervous systems

Both central and peripheral nervous systems

The stomach is innervated by ____________ neurons Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic d. Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic

Cell bodies of lower motor neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS

Central nervous system

Cell bodies of second-order sensory neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS

Central nervous system

Cell bodies of third-order sensory neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS

Central nervous system

Cell bodies of upper motor neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS

Central nervous system

Many choice: Which of the following could cause a graded membrane potential in a peripheral nerve? Select one or more: a. Chemicals b. Light c. Vibration d. Change in temperature e. Mechanical stretch

Chemicals Light Vibration Change in temperature Mechanical stretch

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in cold-sensing neurons? Select one: a. Cold-sensing neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials. b. Cold-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow. c. Cold-sensing neurons would remain hyperpolarized and never fire action potentials. d. Cold-sensing neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.

Cold-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow.

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ___________ in blood vessel smooth muscle Select one: a. Contraction b. Relaxation

Contraction

Many choice: Axons of parasympathetic nerves travel in Select one: a. Cranial nerves b. Cervical nerves c. Thoracic nerves d. Lumbar nerves e. Sacral nerves

Cranial nerves

Acetylcholine release at the heart would ___________ heart rate Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease

Decrease

Acetylcholine release in parasympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease

Decrease

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Affect only skeletal muscle

Decrease heart rate

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in airway smooth muscle Select one: a. Increased b. Decreased

Decreased

If acetylcholine release increases in parasympathetic ganglia, it probably __________ in sympathetic ganglia. Select one: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Would not change. ACh is not involved in sympathetic signaling.

Decreases

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, cold sensing neurons would initially Select one: a. Depolarize quickly b. Hyperpolarize quickly c. Not change their membrane potential

Depolarize quickly

All long autonomic reflexes involve synapses in the hypothalamus. Select one: a. True b. False

False

All motor neurons have cell bodies in the central nervous system. Select one: a. True b. False

False

All reflexes must involve the central nervous system. Select one: a. True b. False

False

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, warm sensing neurons would initially Select one: a. Depolarize rapidly b. Hyperpolarize rapidly c. Not change their membrane potential

Hyperpolarize rapidly

The master regulator of autonomic activity is located in the Select one: a. Cerebrum b. Hypothalamus c. Thalamus d. Cerebellum e. Brainstem

Hypothalamus

Acetylcholine release in sympathetic ganglia would ___________ heart rate Select one: a. Increase b. Decrease

Increase

An injury that affects spinal nerves T1 and T2 could decrease our ability to Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Both increase and decrease heart rate

Increase heart rate

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors Select one: a. Increase heart rate b. Decrease heart rate c. Affect only skeletal muscle

Increase heart rate

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause ____________ calcium release in blood vessel smooth muscle Select one: a. Increased b. Decreased

Increased

Many choice: Spinal nerves may be Select one or more: a. Sensory only b. Motor only c. Mixed

Mixed

If a patient exhibits no muscle tone and an inability to contract skeletal muscle, you would suspect a problem with Select one: a. Upper motor neurons b. Lower motor neurons c. First order sensory neurons d. Second order sensory neurons e. Third order sensory neurons

NOT ANOT D NOT C NOT E

Can a lower motor neuron cause a graded hyperpolarization at the motor end plate? Select one: a. Yes b. No

No

Does acetylcholine always cause depolarization of its target cell? Select one: a. Yes b. No

No

Does epinephrine cause depolarization of all target tissue? Select one: a. Yes b. No

No

Must a reflex include an interneuron? Select one: a. Yes b. No

No

Pain-sensing neurons are slowly adapting. If we were exposed to a painful stimulus over time, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in nociceptive neurons? Select one: a. Nociceptive neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials. b. Nociceptive neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow. c. Nociceptive neurons would remain hyperpolarized and never fire action potentials. d. Nociceptive neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.

Nociceptive neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials.

The fastest reflex causing muscle contraction would involve Select one: a. One synapse b. Two synapses c. More than two synapses

One synapse

Cell bodies of first-order sensory neurons are located in the Select one: a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Either the PNS or CNS

Peripheral nervous system

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause ___________ in airway smooth muscle Select one: a. Contraction b. Relaxation

Relaxation

If we could not feel someone touch our lateral malleolus (fibula), you would suspect damage to axons that belong to spinal nerve Select one: a. L3 b. S2 c. S1 d. L4 e. Any spinal nerve with axons in the sacral plexus f. Any spinal nerve with axons in the lumbar plexus g. L5

S1

Many choice: Cranial nerves may be Select one or more: a. Sensory only b. Motor only c. Mixed

Sensory only Motor only Mixed

A postganglionic neuron with a long axon is probably Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Somatic

Sympathetic

Blood vessels in the arm are innervated by ___________ neurons Select one: a. Sympathetic b. Parasympathetic c. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic d. Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic

Sympathetic

If we tap the patellar tendon with a hammer, which of the following happens first? Select one: a. The quadriceps contracts b. We perceive the tap

The quadriceps contracts

When we begin to contract our hamstrings, what happens to the average voltage in dendrites of neurons innervating the quadriceps? Select one: a. The voltage drops b. The voltage increases c. The voltage would not change

The voltage drops

Many choice: Axons of sympathetic nerves travel in Select one or more: a. Cranial nerves b. Cervical nerves c. Thoracic nerves d. Lumbar nerves e. Sacral nerves

Thoracic nerves Lumbar nerves

The fastest reflex causing muscle relaxation would involve Select one: a. One synapse b. Two synapses c. More than two synapses

Two synapses

If a patient exhibits hyperreflexia and spastic paralysis, you would suspect a problem with Select one: a. Upper motor neurons b. Lower motor neurons c. First order sensory neurons d. Second order sensory neurons e. Third order sensory neurons

Upper motor neurons

Temperature sensing neurons are rapidly adapting. If we were to place our hand in cold water, what would happen to the rate of action potentials fired in warm-sensing neurons? Select one: a. Warm-sensing neurons would continuously fire rapid action potentials. b. Warm-sensing neurons would initially fire rapid action potentials, but the rate of action potentials would gradually slow. c. Warm-sensing neurons would remain hyperpolarized and never fire action potentials. d. Warm-sensing neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.

Warm-sensing neurons would initially hyperpolarize and cease to fire action potentials, but they would gradually increase the rate of action potential generation.

Can autonomic activity be affected by conscious thought? Select one: a. Yes b. No

Yes

For reciprocal inhibition to occur, must an interneuron be involved? Select one: a. Yes b. No

Yes

If we cut only the left lateral corticospinal tract above T6, would the patellar reflex still be active in the left leg? Select one: a. No b. Yes

Yes

If we cut only the left lateral spinothalamic tract above T6, could we feel a hammer tap to our right patellar tendon? (Assume that "feeling" the tap would include receiving signals from any mechanoreceptor located in the area, including pain, touch, proprioception, etc...).

Yes

If we cut only the left lateral spinothalamic tract above T6, would the patellar reflex still be active in the left leg? Select one: a. No b. Yes

Yes