lesson 1.2 elements, compounds, and Mixtures

Separation of Mixtures

- Physical changes and processes can be used to separate mixtures. -Physical properties of pure substances are used to determine how to separate a mixture -Sorting, filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, and magnetism are common methods used to separate mixtures.

Examples of Mixtures

- Salt water -Soil -Tea -Steel -Air

Examples of Compounds Examples

- water(H2) -salt (NaCl) -Emerald (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) -Rust (Fe2O3)

Pure Substances

-Matter can be divided into pure substances and mixtures. -Pure substances are either elements or compounds. -Elements are made up of only one type of atom. -Compounds are made up of elements that are chemically combined.

Mixtures

-Mixtures are made up of pure substances that are not chemically combined. -Components of a mixture are not present in a fixed ratio. -Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. - Most materials are mixtures.

example of elements

-sodium (Na) -Chlorine (Cl) -Iron(Fe) -Oxygen (O2)

Examples of pure substances

-water (H2O) -salt (NaCl)

Formation of Compounds: Nitrogen (element) N and Hydrogen (element)H3

1 nitrogen : 3 hydrogen Ammonia (compound)

Formation of Compounds: Sodium 'Element" NA and Chlorine "Element" Cl

1 sodium : 1 chlorine Sodium chloride (compound)

A compound

A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more different kinds of atom

Example of Chromatography

Separation of colors in pigment

Example of Distillation is:

Separation of gasoline from other oil components

mixture

a combination of pure substances that are not chemically combined

heterogeneous mixture

a mixture whose components can be distinguished

homogeneous mixture

a mixture whose components cannot be distinguished and that appears as a single phase

Distillation

a process in which a mixture is separated using differences in boiling point between the different components of the mixture

element

a pure substance made up of only one type of atom

Compound

a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined

pure substance

a type of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler components without undergoing a chemical change

A homogeneous mixture

appears as a single phase -example: saltwater

a heterogeneous mixture

appears to consist of two or more components that are distinguishable. -example: soil

mixture dose have fixed ratios

between components

which of these are examples of chemical changes? -burning a candle -boiling alcohol -frying an egg -melting ice cream -making coffee

burning a candle frying an egg

physical property

color

physical property

density

Atoms are bonded together chemically in a

fixed ratio

chemical property

flammability

which of these are examples of physical changes? -burning wood -freezing water -cutting paper -iron rush -mixing water and acetone

freezing water, cutting paper, mixing water and acetone

choose the correct description for each of the properties below:

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Types of Mixtures

homogeneous and heterogeneous

identify the terms in the list below that examples of matter -idea -iron -sugar -sound -glass -neon gas

iron, sugar, glass, neon gas

mixture

is a combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined

Chromatography

is a process in which a mixture is separated using differences in the ability of the components of the mixture to pass through a substrate.

Distillation

is a process in which a mixture is separated using the differences in points of the different components of the mixture.

Element

is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.

pure substance

is a type of matter that cannot be broken own into simpler components without undergoing a chemical change.

physical property

melting point

chromatography

method of separating solutions in which the solute is separated by the density or size of particles

physical property

odar

A mixture can be separated by

physical means

Atoms cannot be separated through

physical processes.

Classification of Matter

pure substances and mixtures

chemical property

reactivity with water

physical property

solubility in water

separation of mixtures use physical methods only

sorting and filtration

Separation methods

take advantage of the physical properties of the materials. -Solubility -Boiling point -size