lesson 1.2 elements, compounds, and Mixtures
Separation of Mixtures
- Physical changes and processes can be used to separate mixtures. -Physical properties of pure substances are used to determine how to separate a mixture -Sorting, filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography, and magnetism are common methods used to separate mixtures.
Examples of Mixtures
- Salt water -Soil -Tea -Steel -Air
Examples of Compounds Examples
- water(H2) -salt (NaCl) -Emerald (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) -Rust (Fe2O3)
Pure Substances
-Matter can be divided into pure substances and mixtures. -Pure substances are either elements or compounds. -Elements are made up of only one type of atom. -Compounds are made up of elements that are chemically combined.
Mixtures
-Mixtures are made up of pure substances that are not chemically combined. -Components of a mixture are not present in a fixed ratio. -Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. - Most materials are mixtures.
example of elements
-sodium (Na) -Chlorine (Cl) -Iron(Fe) -Oxygen (O2)
Examples of pure substances
-water (H2O) -salt (NaCl)
Formation of Compounds: Nitrogen (element) N and Hydrogen (element)H3
1 nitrogen : 3 hydrogen Ammonia (compound)
Formation of Compounds: Sodium 'Element" NA and Chlorine "Element" Cl
1 sodium : 1 chlorine Sodium chloride (compound)
A compound
A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more different kinds of atom
Example of Chromatography
Separation of colors in pigment
Example of Distillation is:
Separation of gasoline from other oil components
mixture
a combination of pure substances that are not chemically combined
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture whose components can be distinguished
homogeneous mixture
a mixture whose components cannot be distinguished and that appears as a single phase
Distillation
a process in which a mixture is separated using differences in boiling point between the different components of the mixture
element
a pure substance made up of only one type of atom
Compound
a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined
pure substance
a type of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler components without undergoing a chemical change
A homogeneous mixture
appears as a single phase -example: saltwater
a heterogeneous mixture
appears to consist of two or more components that are distinguishable. -example: soil
mixture dose have fixed ratios
between components
which of these are examples of chemical changes? -burning a candle -boiling alcohol -frying an egg -melting ice cream -making coffee
burning a candle frying an egg
physical property
color
physical property
density
Atoms are bonded together chemically in a
fixed ratio
chemical property
flammability
which of these are examples of physical changes? -burning wood -freezing water -cutting paper -iron rush -mixing water and acetone
freezing water, cutting paper, mixing water and acetone
choose the correct description for each of the properties below:
go to next flash card
Types of Mixtures
homogeneous and heterogeneous
identify the terms in the list below that examples of matter -idea -iron -sugar -sound -glass -neon gas
iron, sugar, glass, neon gas
mixture
is a combination of two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined
Chromatography
is a process in which a mixture is separated using differences in the ability of the components of the mixture to pass through a substrate.
Distillation
is a process in which a mixture is separated using the differences in points of the different components of the mixture.
Element
is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.
pure substance
is a type of matter that cannot be broken own into simpler components without undergoing a chemical change.
physical property
melting point
chromatography
method of separating solutions in which the solute is separated by the density or size of particles
physical property
odar
A mixture can be separated by
physical means
Atoms cannot be separated through
physical processes.
Classification of Matter
pure substances and mixtures
chemical property
reactivity with water
physical property
solubility in water
separation of mixtures use physical methods only
sorting and filtration
Separation methods
take advantage of the physical properties of the materials. -Solubility -Boiling point -size