lesson 14, lesson 12, lesson 11, lesson 8 unit 3 A, lesson 7 unit 3 A, lesson 2
The concentration of K+ within a cell is required to be than the external concentration.
higher
The chemical unit or building block of protein
amino acid
cleavage furrow plus centrioles in cell division:
animal cell
no cell wall, only plasma membrane:
animal cell
cellulose:
cell wall
colonial organisms:
cellular
An interconnected series of tubes in the cytoplasm is called the _____.
endoplasmic reticulum
a dog pulled on a wagon through a spring loaded door
facilitated diffusion
round structure within the cell
nucleus
Which lens is closest to the object that you are viewing?
objective lens
cell plate and no centrioles in cell division:
plant cell
Any molecule can pass through without hindrance
semipermeable membrane
allows some substances to pass through; excludes others:
semipermeable membrane
muscle, fat, bone:
tissue
What is one of the contributions made to the development of the microscope by Galileo?
used mathematics to improve the focus of the lens
Glucose is stored in within the cell.
vacuoles
a child eating a doughnut
phagocytosis
large hypertonic vacuole:
plant cell
The end product of glycolysis in the breakdown of glucose
pyruvic acid
When oxygen is lacking, animal cells change to .
pyruvic acid lactic acid
Makes up the structure of the ribosomes
r-RNA
channels for transporting molecules within the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
leukocyte
keeps the tissues involved free of disease
A group of biochemicals including DNA and RNA
nucleic acid
algae, frog, rabbit:
organism
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
Multiple organs which are engaged in a specific process form a(n) .
system
differentiation
the maturation of a cell for a specific function
A particular function performed by an arrangement of similar cells is characteristic of .
tissues
Causes the separation of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
The reproductive cells in sexual reproduction
gametes
Which of the following organelles acts as the cell's powerplant?
mitochondria
The Krebs Cycle:
needs oxygen produces more ATP than glycolysis produces carbon dioxide produces water
Ribosomal RNA is produced by:
nucleoli
hypertonic: the cell
out of
transports proteins, nucleic acids
pinocytosis
Packets within the cell cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes
lysosome
stable
stasis
hypotonic: the cell
into
Having slightly negative and positive charged ends
polar
The energy required for the mechanism of "active transport" comes from:
the product of ATP decomposition
tissue level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into tissues.
produce and package cell secretions
Golgi bodies
The simplest operational cell is still more complex than a computer.
True
The intercellular material that holds plant cells together
cell cement
A plasma membrane and a cell wall:
have different structures and different functions
The relative concentration of water in a hypotonic solution is:
high
store glucose as glycogen
lysosomes
The purpose of the Krebs cycle is to:
release energy for making ATP
respiratory, digestive:
system
Science has shown how information can only be gathered by the known laws of physics and chemisty.
False
Sodium and potassium need to be pumped and not just travel by passive or facilitated diffusion because the cell is concentrating sodium and ridding itself of potassium.
False
An "organism" is considered the highest level of organization of cells, yet it is also found at the lowest level of cellular organization.
True
Some organisms consist of just one cell.
True
no chlorophyll or chloroplasts:
animal cell
A molecule which serves to make reactions work
enzyme
Lysosomes are able to help digest the food material in the vacuole because they contain that they spill into the vacuole.
enzymes
A higher salt concentration than inside the cell
hypertonic
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Robert Hooke?
identifying the first cell
The same salt concentration as inside the cell
isotonic
The substance produced by body cells when there is not enough oxygen
lactic acid
Active transport requires energy because it moves molecules from a to a concentration against diffusion.
lower higher
Not having a charge or partial charge
nonpolar
Subunits within the cells that perform specific functions are called .
organelles
The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane is called .
osmosis
allows all substances to pass through:
permeable membrane
system
A group of organs working together for a common purpose.
organ
A group of tissues working together as a unit for a particular purpose in the body.
The plasma membrane has a of with dispersed throughout.
bilayer phospholipids proteins
A "flea glass" is another name for a .
magnifying glass
The process involving the division of the nucleus in a reproductive cell
meiosis
supply the cell with energy (ATP)
mitochondria
Substances produced by the Golgi bodies
secretion
The primary function of the cell's membrane is to:
selectively permit or restrict substances from entering or leaving the cell
A membrane which limits the type of molecules which will pass through it is called .
semipermeable
Which statements describe organisms referred to as "colonial"?
similar bacteria or protozoa which group together
Multicellular organisms exhibit a division of labor among cells known as .
specialization
The fibers which direct the even distribution of chromosomes
spindle
cell stays the same:
isotonic solution
specialization
The limiting of the function of a cell to a specific function.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a internal environment by the body.
constant
The relative concentration of water in a hypertonic solution is:
low
presence of cell wall:
plant cell
The cell wall of a plant is like a laminated two layer structure.
True
play a role in the formation of the spindle during cell division
centrioles
The source of stored energy in the form of food for all animals and humans ultimately comes from:
plants
The cell mechanism of "active transport" involves the transport of insoluble chemicals across the membrane with protein acting as the carrier.
False
The cell wall of a plant is made from phospholipids and cellulose.
False
The phospholipid molecule has two ends, the nonpolar charged end and the polar uncharged end.
False
no large vacuole, only small ones:
animal cell
Cells in a person's body obtain glucose from the digestion of .
carbohydrates
produce the spindle fibers for cell division
endoplasmic reticulum
Involves the production of ethyl alcohol from glucose
fermentation
Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes
genes
The enormous complexity of cells supports the theory of .
intelligent design
DNA is located within the:
nucleus
selective membrane:
plasma membrane
What kind of microscope allows you to look through two eyepieces?
binocular
tiny structures which synthesize proteins
ribosomes
Describe why plant cells are rigid:
You can demonstrate the importance of water to a plant's rigidity by depriving a plant of water. The stem and leaves will wilt because the vacuoles are not filled. When you water the plant, it will become rigid once again provided it has not died from extended water loss.
Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy
glucose
erythrocyte
keeps tissues involved alive, provides oxygen for energy for motion
The concentration of Na+ within a cell is required to be than the external concentration.
lower
The Krebs cycle takes place within the :
mitochondria
Of the following types of transport, which two may the cell utilize if a large molecule or organism cannot pass through the membrane?
pinocytosis phagocytosis
The process involving the division of the nucleus of a body cell
mitosis
A functional plant or animal, existing through the cooperative organization of interrelated systems, is called a(n) _____.
organism
body systems working together for the good of the whole:
organism
Select the five variations of the light microscope.
the dark field microscope the phase contrast microscope the fluorescence microscope the polarizing light microscope the bright field microscope
Why will external fluid flow into a plant cell?
because the external water concentration is greater because the external salt concentration is less
Why do creation scientists believe that God created the "cell"?
because the known principles of chemistry do not support evolution because the proper organic chemicals found in cells cannot form spontaneously or remain in the presence of the earth's atmosphere because the complex organic chemicals of life can only be produced within and by the direction of a cell.
division of labor
The work being divided up into specialized tasks as in a cell or a society.
A gene is a subunit of information within a chromosome.
True
are the highest level of cellular organization.
Organisms
colonial
Organisms that live in a group called a colony.
What is the function of the energy released by the mitochondrion?
adds a phosphate to ADP changes ADP to ATP
Converted into ATP during glucose breakdown
adenosine diphosphate
A chemical substance coming from an organism
biochemical
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Charles A. Spencer?
built microscopes capable of magnification of up to 1250 x using regular light
gives strength to cell:
cell wall
organism level
The highest level of complexity of a living thing in which the systems work together for the good of the whole. Any living thing must be considered to have reached this level.
Chloroplasts contain , necessary for photosynthesis by green plants.
chlorophyll
Serves to trap the sun's energy for photosynthesis
chlorophyll
A packet of chlorophyll arranged in stacks within a plant cell
chloroplast
The natural tendency of molecules to move from higher to lower concentrations is:
diffusion
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Max Knott and Ernst Ruska?
discovered the electron microscope
The relative concentration of water in an isotonic solution is:
equal
molecules helped by protein, move insoluble molecules across plasma membrane
facilitated diffusion
transports glucose, amino acids
facilitated diffusion
If a particular biological amino acid, protein, or DNA could accidentally form by chance, it could wait around for millions of years (remain stable) while ALL the hundreds of other necessary cellular chemicals were also being formed by accident. because:
false biological chemicals are unstable
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Anton van Leeuwenhoek?
first to document careful observations of different cell types
Each physical trait of an organism is produced by the instruction of a particular _____.
gene
Chain molecule made of many glucose molecules linked together
glycogen
The first step in the chemical breakdown of glucose
glycolysis
The maintenance of a constant internal body environment
homeostasis
greater than, high
hyper
cell shrinks:
hypertonic solution
A lower salt concentration than inside the cell
hypotonic
cell bursts:
hypotonic solution
lower salt concentration than inside the cell:
hypotonic solution
same salt concentration as inside the cell:
isotonic solution
Which statements are correct concerning human DNA?
it contains 46 chromosomes each strand contains the chromosomes from one parent
Living creatures which can be seen only by using a microscope are called .
microorganisms
Structure within the cell responsible for the production of energy
mitochondria
a crowded roomful of people gradually standing up, wandering around, and leaving the room
passive diffusion
molecules move in and out freely from high to low concentration
passive diffusion
Some leukocytes absorb entire bacteria by the process of .
phagocytosis
cellular level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms in this level are either unicellular or colonial.
produce r-RNA to make ribosomes
centrioles
The new cells resulting from the division of the mother cell
daughter cell
Of the five transport mechanisms, which one will the cell utilize if the substance being transported is insoluble?
facilitated diffusion
The primary cell wall is the layer made of arranged cellulose fibers.
inner randomly
The outer layer of a cell which acts as a gatekeeper to the cell is called the .
plasma membrane
process of photosynthesis.
6CO 2 + 12H 2 O--------CHLOROPHYLL C 6 H 12 O 6+ 6O 2 + 6H 2 O
No cell is "simple."
True
What limits the amount of magnification that can be produced using light?
the resolving power of the microscope
less than, low
hypo
a dog being dragged into a bathtub against its will
active transport
molecules "pumped" in or out from low to high concentration
active transport
transports sodium, potassium
active transport
Having two layers
bilayer
A small structure within the cell which serves specialized functions
organelle
oxygen, carbon dioxide
passive diffusion
A process in green plants which involves the use of the sun's energy
photosynthesis
a woman drinking tea
pinocytosis
cell engulfs molecules in cell "drinking"
pinocytosis
The level of magnification that produces the best images using an electron microscope is .
250,000 times
If you have two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, one having a 7 % concentration of salt in water and the other having a 12 % solution of salt in water, the water will flow from the side with the % solution to the side with the % salt solution.
7% 12%
organ level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into organs.
system level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into systems.
tissue
A group of cells working together to perform a particular task.
higher salt concentration than inside the cell:
hypertonic solution
A plant cell does not have a plasma membrane like animal cells.
False
Which of the following is a system operation in amoeba?
excretion
muscle fiber
A very long, contracting cell which makes up the muscles of our body.
Click on objects to label the chemical reaction which allows the cell to store chemical energy.
ADP + P + ENERGY --- ATP
The complete process which is needed to produce is called the Krebs cycle.
ATP
Click on the pieces of the chemical reaction to show what occurs within the mitochondrion.
C 6 H 12 O 6+ O 2 --- CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY
Which statement(s) corresponds to cellular respiration?
CO2 diffuses passively out of the cell O2 diffuses passively and then is converted to CO2
A plant cell will become soggy and limp when it is filled with water.
False
A unicellular alga is specialized.
False
Cell division of both plants and animals is an identical process.
False
Energy is always required to force molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
False
Hans and Zaccharias Janssen have made contributions to the development of microscopes through their work with mathematics.
False
It would appear logical that the first cell could have started to function from one organelle having formed by accident.
False
Ribosomal RNA is produced in the cytoplasm.
False
An example of homeostasis in the human body is the glucose, pH, CO2 concentration in the blood being kept constant.
True
The role of protein in facilitated diffusion is to move insoluble molecules across the plasma membrane; diffusion supplies the power.
True
It serves as an energy source for the cell
adenosine triphosphate
Which molecule has greater energy potential?
adenosine triphosphate
muscle fiber
causes the actual contraction of muscles to raise leg
A septum which forms to separate the two new plant cells
cell plate
amoeba, paramecium, euglena:
cellular
Material which makes up the structure of the cell wall
cellulose
Rod-shaped structure contains the genes
chromosome
the double strand is twisted and coiled
chromosome
contain genes with the information controlling cell
chromosomes
The pinching in of the animal cell during cell division
cleavage furrow
same
iso
What characteristic is completely unique about DNA?
it contains coded information
The cell that is about to undergo binary fission
mother cell
A functioning organism:
must possess interrelated systems can be unicellular can be plant or animal
Which lens is closest to your eye when looking through a microscope?
ocular lens
Two or more tissues which cooperate as a unit are considered a(n) .
organ
kidney, heart, stomach, liver:
organ
tissues arranged into units to perform a function:
organ
Allows some molecules to pass through but excludes others
permeable membrane
cell engulfs microorganisms in cell "eating"
phagocytosis
Makes up the plasma membrane together with protein
phospholipid
chloroplasts and plastids:
plant cell
Tiny sacs in the cell which may contain starch
plastid
contain starch and oil or plant pigments
plastids
A long chain molecule made up of amino acids
protein
Glucose will pass through a cell membrane with the aid of .
proteins
What part of a microscope rotates to change from the low power objective lens to the high power objective lens?
resolving nosepiece
The _____ are responsible for linking amino acids together.
ribosomes
Glucose is one of the simple sugars in the long chain polymer, and animal cells store it is as .
starch glycogen
In what form is coded information found in DNA?
the type and sequence of molecules along each strand
Why do O2 and CO2 pass through the plasma membrane?
they are nonpolar and soluble
When is facilitated diffusion necessary?
when the molecules are insoluble
When are you never supposed to use the coarse adjustment knob?
when using the high power objective
When the required direction of transport is opposed to concentration levels, a cell expend energy to force across its membrane.
will ions
If you were stranded on the ocean in a raft, what would happen if you kept drinking ocean water?
your blood would become hypertonic the concentration of water in your blood would decrease water would flow out of your body cells
groups of cells performing a common function:
tissue
Click on objects to label the chemical reaction which occurs within the cell when it needs energy.
ATP --- ADP + P + ENERGY
Since all muscle cells are specialized, they are necessarily identical.
False
Involved in producing and packaging secretions
Golgi bodies
phospholipid and protein:
plasma membrane
neuron
sends message from brain to move up
The ultimate source of energy for starting the food chain is:
solar
organs grouped to perform a common process:
system
The highest level of cellular organization requires the cooperation of multiple .
systems
How is all the information contained in the DNA molecule able to fit in the nucleus?
the double strand is twisted and coiled
From the following list, which is a limitation to using an electron microscope?
the high expense
digest foods
vacuoles
