lesson 14, lesson 12, lesson 11, lesson 8 unit 3 A, lesson 7 unit 3 A, lesson 2

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The concentration of K+ within a cell is required to be than the external concentration.

higher

The chemical unit or building block of protein

amino acid

cleavage furrow plus centrioles in cell division:

animal cell

no cell wall, only plasma membrane:

animal cell

cellulose:

cell wall

colonial organisms:

cellular

An interconnected series of tubes in the cytoplasm is called the _____.

endoplasmic reticulum

a dog pulled on a wagon through a spring loaded door

facilitated diffusion

round structure within the cell

nucleus

Which lens is closest to the object that you are viewing?

objective lens

cell plate and no centrioles in cell division:

plant cell

Any molecule can pass through without hindrance

semipermeable membrane

allows some substances to pass through; excludes others:

semipermeable membrane

muscle, fat, bone:

tissue

What is one of the contributions made to the development of the microscope by Galileo?

used mathematics to improve the focus of the lens

Glucose is stored in within the cell.

vacuoles

a child eating a doughnut

phagocytosis

large hypertonic vacuole:

plant cell

The end product of glycolysis in the breakdown of glucose

pyruvic acid

When oxygen is lacking, animal cells change to .

pyruvic acid lactic acid

Makes up the structure of the ribosomes

r-RNA

channels for transporting molecules within the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

leukocyte

keeps the tissues involved free of disease

A group of biochemicals including DNA and RNA

nucleic acid

algae, frog, rabbit:

organism

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

osmosis

Multiple organs which are engaged in a specific process form a(n) .

system

differentiation

the maturation of a cell for a specific function

A particular function performed by an arrangement of similar cells is characteristic of .

tissues

Causes the separation of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

The reproductive cells in sexual reproduction

gametes

Which of the following organelles acts as the cell's powerplant?

mitochondria

The Krebs Cycle:

needs oxygen produces more ATP than glycolysis produces carbon dioxide produces water

Ribosomal RNA is produced by:

nucleoli

hypertonic: the cell

out of

transports proteins, nucleic acids

pinocytosis

Packets within the cell cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes

lysosome

stable

stasis

hypotonic: the cell

into

Having slightly negative and positive charged ends

polar

The energy required for the mechanism of "active transport" comes from:

the product of ATP decomposition

tissue level

A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into tissues.

produce and package cell secretions

Golgi bodies

The simplest operational cell is still more complex than a computer.

True

The intercellular material that holds plant cells together

cell cement

A plasma membrane and a cell wall:

have different structures and different functions

The relative concentration of water in a hypotonic solution is:

high

store glucose as glycogen

lysosomes

The purpose of the Krebs cycle is to:

release energy for making ATP

respiratory, digestive:

system

Science has shown how information can only be gathered by the known laws of physics and chemisty.

False

Sodium and potassium need to be pumped and not just travel by passive or facilitated diffusion because the cell is concentrating sodium and ridding itself of potassium.

False

An "organism" is considered the highest level of organization of cells, yet it is also found at the lowest level of cellular organization.

True

Some organisms consist of just one cell.

True

no chlorophyll or chloroplasts:

animal cell

A molecule which serves to make reactions work

enzyme

Lysosomes are able to help digest the food material in the vacuole because they contain that they spill into the vacuole.

enzymes

A higher salt concentration than inside the cell

hypertonic

What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Robert Hooke?

identifying the first cell

The same salt concentration as inside the cell

isotonic

The substance produced by body cells when there is not enough oxygen

lactic acid

Active transport requires energy because it moves molecules from a to a concentration against diffusion.

lower higher

Not having a charge or partial charge

nonpolar

Subunits within the cells that perform specific functions are called .

organelles

The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane is called .

osmosis

allows all substances to pass through:

permeable membrane

system

A group of organs working together for a common purpose.

organ

A group of tissues working together as a unit for a particular purpose in the body.

The plasma membrane has a of with dispersed throughout.

bilayer phospholipids proteins

A "flea glass" is another name for a .

magnifying glass

The process involving the division of the nucleus in a reproductive cell

meiosis

supply the cell with energy (ATP)

mitochondria

Substances produced by the Golgi bodies

secretion

The primary function of the cell's membrane is to:

selectively permit or restrict substances from entering or leaving the cell

A membrane which limits the type of molecules which will pass through it is called .

semipermeable

Which statements describe organisms referred to as "colonial"?

similar bacteria or protozoa which group together

Multicellular organisms exhibit a division of labor among cells known as .

specialization

The fibers which direct the even distribution of chromosomes

spindle

cell stays the same:

isotonic solution

specialization

The limiting of the function of a cell to a specific function.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a internal environment by the body.

constant

The relative concentration of water in a hypertonic solution is:

low

presence of cell wall:

plant cell

The cell wall of a plant is like a laminated two layer structure.

True

play a role in the formation of the spindle during cell division

centrioles

The source of stored energy in the form of food for all animals and humans ultimately comes from:

plants

The cell mechanism of "active transport" involves the transport of insoluble chemicals across the membrane with protein acting as the carrier.

False

The cell wall of a plant is made from phospholipids and cellulose.

False

The phospholipid molecule has two ends, the nonpolar charged end and the polar uncharged end.

False

no large vacuole, only small ones:

animal cell

Cells in a person's body obtain glucose from the digestion of .

carbohydrates

produce the spindle fibers for cell division

endoplasmic reticulum

Involves the production of ethyl alcohol from glucose

fermentation

Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes

genes

The enormous complexity of cells supports the theory of .

intelligent design

DNA is located within the:

nucleus

selective membrane:

plasma membrane

What kind of microscope allows you to look through two eyepieces?

binocular

tiny structures which synthesize proteins

ribosomes

Describe why plant cells are rigid:

You can demonstrate the importance of water to a plant's rigidity by depriving a plant of water. The stem and leaves will wilt because the vacuoles are not filled. When you water the plant, it will become rigid once again provided it has not died from extended water loss.

Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy

glucose

erythrocyte

keeps tissues involved alive, provides oxygen for energy for motion

The concentration of Na+ within a cell is required to be than the external concentration.

lower

The Krebs cycle takes place within the :

mitochondria

Of the following types of transport, which two may the cell utilize if a large molecule or organism cannot pass through the membrane?

pinocytosis phagocytosis

The process involving the division of the nucleus of a body cell

mitosis

A functional plant or animal, existing through the cooperative organization of interrelated systems, is called a(n) _____.

organism

body systems working together for the good of the whole:

organism

Select the five variations of the light microscope.

the dark field microscope the phase contrast microscope the fluorescence microscope the polarizing light microscope the bright field microscope

Why will external fluid flow into a plant cell?

because the external water concentration is greater because the external salt concentration is less

Why do creation scientists believe that God created the "cell"?

because the known principles of chemistry do not support evolution because the proper organic chemicals found in cells cannot form spontaneously or remain in the presence of the earth's atmosphere because the complex organic chemicals of life can only be produced within and by the direction of a cell.

division of labor

The work being divided up into specialized tasks as in a cell or a society.

A gene is a subunit of information within a chromosome.

True

are the highest level of cellular organization.

Organisms

colonial

Organisms that live in a group called a colony.

What is the function of the energy released by the mitochondrion?

adds a phosphate to ADP changes ADP to ATP

Converted into ATP during glucose breakdown

adenosine diphosphate

A chemical substance coming from an organism

biochemical

What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Charles A. Spencer?

built microscopes capable of magnification of up to 1250 x using regular light

gives strength to cell:

cell wall

organism level

The highest level of complexity of a living thing in which the systems work together for the good of the whole. Any living thing must be considered to have reached this level.

Chloroplasts contain , necessary for photosynthesis by green plants.

chlorophyll

Serves to trap the sun's energy for photosynthesis

chlorophyll

A packet of chlorophyll arranged in stacks within a plant cell

chloroplast

The natural tendency of molecules to move from higher to lower concentrations is:

diffusion

What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Max Knott and Ernst Ruska?

discovered the electron microscope

The relative concentration of water in an isotonic solution is:

equal

molecules helped by protein, move insoluble molecules across plasma membrane

facilitated diffusion

transports glucose, amino acids

facilitated diffusion

If a particular biological amino acid, protein, or DNA could accidentally form by chance, it could wait around for millions of years (remain stable) while ALL the hundreds of other necessary cellular chemicals were also being formed by accident. because:

false biological chemicals are unstable

What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

first to document careful observations of different cell types

Each physical trait of an organism is produced by the instruction of a particular _____.

gene

Chain molecule made of many glucose molecules linked together

glycogen

The first step in the chemical breakdown of glucose

glycolysis

The maintenance of a constant internal body environment

homeostasis

greater than, high

hyper

cell shrinks:

hypertonic solution

A lower salt concentration than inside the cell

hypotonic

cell bursts:

hypotonic solution

lower salt concentration than inside the cell:

hypotonic solution

same salt concentration as inside the cell:

isotonic solution

Which statements are correct concerning human DNA?

it contains 46 chromosomes each strand contains the chromosomes from one parent

Living creatures which can be seen only by using a microscope are called .

microorganisms

Structure within the cell responsible for the production of energy

mitochondria

a crowded roomful of people gradually standing up, wandering around, and leaving the room

passive diffusion

molecules move in and out freely from high to low concentration

passive diffusion

Some leukocytes absorb entire bacteria by the process of .

phagocytosis

cellular level

A degree of organism complexity. Organisms in this level are either unicellular or colonial.

produce r-RNA to make ribosomes

centrioles

The new cells resulting from the division of the mother cell

daughter cell

Of the five transport mechanisms, which one will the cell utilize if the substance being transported is insoluble?

facilitated diffusion

The primary cell wall is the layer made of arranged cellulose fibers.

inner randomly

The outer layer of a cell which acts as a gatekeeper to the cell is called the .

plasma membrane

process of photosynthesis.

6CO 2 + 12H 2 O--------CHLOROPHYLL C 6 H 12 O 6+ 6O 2 + 6H 2 O

No cell is "simple."

True

What limits the amount of magnification that can be produced using light?

the resolving power of the microscope

less than, low

hypo

a dog being dragged into a bathtub against its will

active transport

molecules "pumped" in or out from low to high concentration

active transport

transports sodium, potassium

active transport

Having two layers

bilayer

A small structure within the cell which serves specialized functions

organelle

oxygen, carbon dioxide

passive diffusion

A process in green plants which involves the use of the sun's energy

photosynthesis

a woman drinking tea

pinocytosis

cell engulfs molecules in cell "drinking"

pinocytosis

The level of magnification that produces the best images using an electron microscope is .

250,000 times

If you have two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, one having a 7 % concentration of salt in water and the other having a 12 % solution of salt in water, the water will flow from the side with the % solution to the side with the % salt solution.

7% 12%

organ level

A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into organs.

system level

A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into systems.

tissue

A group of cells working together to perform a particular task.

higher salt concentration than inside the cell:

hypertonic solution

A plant cell does not have a plasma membrane like animal cells.

False

Which of the following is a system operation in amoeba?

excretion

muscle fiber

A very long, contracting cell which makes up the muscles of our body.

Click on objects to label the chemical reaction which allows the cell to store chemical energy.

ADP + P + ENERGY --- ATP

The complete process which is needed to produce is called the Krebs cycle.

ATP

Click on the pieces of the chemical reaction to show what occurs within the mitochondrion.

C 6 H 12 O 6+ O 2 --- CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY

Which statement(s) corresponds to cellular respiration?

CO2 diffuses passively out of the cell O2 diffuses passively and then is converted to CO2

A plant cell will become soggy and limp when it is filled with water.

False

A unicellular alga is specialized.

False

Cell division of both plants and animals is an identical process.

False

Energy is always required to force molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

False

Hans and Zaccharias Janssen have made contributions to the development of microscopes through their work with mathematics.

False

It would appear logical that the first cell could have started to function from one organelle having formed by accident.

False

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the cytoplasm.

False

An example of homeostasis in the human body is the glucose, pH, CO2 concentration in the blood being kept constant.

True

The role of protein in facilitated diffusion is to move insoluble molecules across the plasma membrane; diffusion supplies the power.

True

It serves as an energy source for the cell

adenosine triphosphate

Which molecule has greater energy potential?

adenosine triphosphate

muscle fiber

causes the actual contraction of muscles to raise leg

A septum which forms to separate the two new plant cells

cell plate

amoeba, paramecium, euglena:

cellular

Material which makes up the structure of the cell wall

cellulose

Rod-shaped structure contains the genes

chromosome

the double strand is twisted and coiled

chromosome

contain genes with the information controlling cell

chromosomes

The pinching in of the animal cell during cell division

cleavage furrow

same

iso

What characteristic is completely unique about DNA?

it contains coded information

The cell that is about to undergo binary fission

mother cell

A functioning organism:

must possess interrelated systems can be unicellular can be plant or animal

Which lens is closest to your eye when looking through a microscope?

ocular lens

Two or more tissues which cooperate as a unit are considered a(n) .

organ

kidney, heart, stomach, liver:

organ

tissues arranged into units to perform a function:

organ

Allows some molecules to pass through but excludes others

permeable membrane

cell engulfs microorganisms in cell "eating"

phagocytosis

Makes up the plasma membrane together with protein

phospholipid

chloroplasts and plastids:

plant cell

Tiny sacs in the cell which may contain starch

plastid

contain starch and oil or plant pigments

plastids

A long chain molecule made up of amino acids

protein

Glucose will pass through a cell membrane with the aid of .

proteins

What part of a microscope rotates to change from the low power objective lens to the high power objective lens?

resolving nosepiece

The _____ are responsible for linking amino acids together.

ribosomes

Glucose is one of the simple sugars in the long chain polymer, and animal cells store it is as .

starch glycogen

In what form is coded information found in DNA?

the type and sequence of molecules along each strand

Why do O2 and CO2 pass through the plasma membrane?

they are nonpolar and soluble

When is facilitated diffusion necessary?

when the molecules are insoluble

When are you never supposed to use the coarse adjustment knob?

when using the high power objective

When the required direction of transport is opposed to concentration levels, a cell expend energy to force across its membrane.

will ions

If you were stranded on the ocean in a raft, what would happen if you kept drinking ocean water?

your blood would become hypertonic the concentration of water in your blood would decrease water would flow out of your body cells

groups of cells performing a common function:

tissue

Click on objects to label the chemical reaction which occurs within the cell when it needs energy.

ATP --- ADP + P + ENERGY

Since all muscle cells are specialized, they are necessarily identical.

False

Involved in producing and packaging secretions

Golgi bodies

phospholipid and protein:

plasma membrane

neuron

sends message from brain to move up

The ultimate source of energy for starting the food chain is:

solar

organs grouped to perform a common process:

system

The highest level of cellular organization requires the cooperation of multiple .

systems

How is all the information contained in the DNA molecule able to fit in the nucleus?

the double strand is twisted and coiled

From the following list, which is a limitation to using an electron microscope?

the high expense

digest foods

vacuoles


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