Level 3 Issues in Nursing (Fundamentals of Nursing)

A nursing student is listing examples of unintentional torts. Which examples mentioned by the student are correct? Multiple selection question Assault Negligence Malpractice Invasion of privacy Defamation of character

-Negligence -Malpractice An unintentional tort refers to any conduct that falls below the expected standards of care. Assault is an example of an intentional tort because it is a willful act that violates the rights of another individual. Invasion of privacy and defamation of character are examples of quasi-intentional torts. These are characterized by a lack of intent to do harm but volitional action and direct causation occur. Negligence and malpractice are examples of unintentional torts.

Which are examples of high-reliability organizations? Multiple selection question Aviation Air traffic control Cancer hospitals Nuclear power plants State transport agencies

-Aviation -Air traffic control -Nuclear power plants Aviation, air traffic control, and nuclear power plants are examples of high-reliability organizations because they have to operate in hazardous conditions yet have very few adverse events. Cancer hospitals and state transport agencies are not high-reliability organizations because they do not operate under hazardous conditions.

The nurse recalls that which disease in patients includes the short period of evident decline disease trajectory? Multiple choice question Heart failure Renal cancer Disabling stroke Alzheimer disease

Renal cancer Patients with cancer follow the short period of evident decline disease trajectory. Patients with organ failure do not follow this trajectory; instead, these patients follow the long-term limitations with intermittent serious episodes trajectory. The prolonged dwindling disease trajectory is generally seen in patients with disabling stroke, Alzheimer disease, and frailty disease.

A nurse is caring for an obese client with diabetes mellitus. Which nursing actions satisfy the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency called teamwork and collaboration? Select all that apply.

Engaging the physical therapist in managing the client's condition Explaining the client's medication routine to the next shift nurse Consulting with the dietician to help manage the client's condition

A nursing student is listing points that make nursing a profession and not just a job. Which points have been correctly stated? Multiple selection question "Nursing provides a specific service." "Nursing requires a basic liberal foundation and an advanced education." "Nursing has a theoretical body of knowledge leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms." "Members of a profession do not have any autonomy in decision-making and practice." "The profession as a whole lacks a code of ethics for practice and simply follows the state rules and regulations."

-"Nursing provides a specific service." -"Nursing requires a basic liberal foundation and an advanced education." -"Nursing has a theoretical body of knowledge leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms." Nursing is considered a profession because it provides a specific service. Nursing has a basic liberal foundation and requires advanced education. Nursing has a theoretical body of knowledge used to define skills, abilities, and norms of practice. Members of the nursing profession have autonomy in decision-making and practice. The profession of nursing follows a code of ethics for practice and abides by the rules and regulations of the state.

A child with hip dysplasia has undergone a closed reduction surgery. The nurse assesses the child 2 days after the surgery and feels that the treatment and care provided for the child were not effective. The nurse made this conclusion based on what findings? Multiple choice question The child has a staggering gait. The child is unable to walk independently. The child has impaired muscle tone and flexibility. The child's femoral head did not return to the hip socket. Eugene off target

The child's femoral head did not return to the hip socket. The nurse and health care professionals set realistic outcomes and evaluate them regularly to determine the quality and effectiveness of the treatment. During closed reduction surgery, the surgeon fits the femoral head into the hip socket. If the laboratory reports indicate that the femoral head did not return to the hip socket, it implies that the surgery was ineffective and useless. The child may have a staggering gait for a few weeks after the surgery; this does not indicate that the surgery was ineffective. The child may experience pain after the surgery and may require support to walk. The child will be in a spica cast for 6 months after the surgery and, because of this, the child may temporarily lose muscle tone and flexibility. Therefore these outcomes do not indicate that the treatment was ineffective or useless.

The registered nurse observes a new graduate nurse caring for patients on a geriatric unit and concludes that the new graduate is providing patient-centered care. Which action by the new graduate led to the registered nurse's conclusion? Multiple choice question The new graduate maintains eye contact with the patients. The new graduate spends more time with patients who have few visitors. The new graduate provides food according to the patients' preferences. The new graduate avoids holding the patients' hands while interacting with them.

The new graduate provides food according to the patients' preferences. The nurse should consider the patient's preferences, needs, and values to provide patient-centered care. Therefore when the student nurse provides food according to the patient's preference, it indicates that the nurse is providing patient-centered care. The nurse should treat the patient with respect and dignity to provide patient-centered care. The elderly patients may feel disrespected if the nurse maintains eye contact with them. The nurse should spend the same amount of time with all the patients to provide equitable care. If the nurse spends more time with the patients who have few visitors, the nurse has less time to spend and interact with the other patients. To provide therapeutic touch to the patient to reduce anxiety and to comfort the patient, it is appropriate for the nurse to hold the patient's hand during interactions.

What is the role of cognitive science in health informatics? Multiple choice question To use computer application for creating, describing, and transforming health information To understand how culture and social changes in an organization affect information technology To provide a structure for analysis of complex human performance in technology-based settings To use statistics and mathematical applications for storing and retrieving health care information

To provide a structure for analysis of complex human performance in technology-based settings Cognitive science involves the study of how people understand, synthesize, and respond to health care information and knowledge. It provides a framework for analysis of complex human performance in technology-based settings. Organizational science involves the study of how culture, behavior, and social changes in an organization affect health information technology. Information science involves the use of statistics and mathematical applications for storing and retrieving health care information. Computer science is a part of health informatics, which uses computer applications for creating, describing, and transforming health information.

A nursing student notes that a nurse is required to integrate best current research with clinical expertise and client preferences and values in order to provide quality healthcare. Which Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency does this comply with? Multiple choice question Safety Quality improvement Patient-centered care Evidence-based practice

Evidence-based practice The QSEN competency evidence-based practice states that a nurse should integrate best current research with clinical expertise and client's preferences and values in order to provide quality healthcare. Safety involves nursing actions aimed at minimizing the risk of harm to clients and healthcare workers by ensuring system effectiveness and improving individual performance. Quality improvement involves the use of data to monitor outcomes of processes and implementation of methods to improve the healthcare delivery system. Patient-centered care states that the client is the source of control in providing healthcare.

The nurse is reviewing the website www.nursing.uiowa.edu/cncto gather information about standardized terminology. The website would provide the nurse with which standardized nursing terminologies? Multiple selection question Clinical Care Classification Perioperative Nursing Data Set Nursing Outcomes Classification Nursing Interventions Classification International Classification of Nursing Practice

-Nursing Outcomes Classification -Nursing Interventions Classification The website www.nursing.uiowa.edu/cnc provides information regarding Nursing Outcomes Classification and Nursing Interventions Classification terminology. The nurse should check www.sabacare.com/ for information about Clinical Care Classification terminology. The nurse should refer to www.aorn.org/PracticeResources/PNDSAndStandardizedPerioperativeRecord/PNDS Resources/ to gather information about Perioperative Nursing Data Set terminology. The nurse can gather information about International Classification of Nursing Practice from www.icn.ch/icnp.htm.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the different levels of prevention with different scenarios. Which scenario is an example of tertiary prevention? Multiple choice question A nurse educates a community about the proper use of environmental sanitation. A nurse educates a family about how to protect themselves from carcinogens. A nurse provides education to a family regarding the need to pay attention to personality development. A nurse educates a community about the need to integrate individuals' limb amputations into the professional sphere.

A nurse educates a community about the need to integrate individuals' limb amputations into the professional sphere. Educating the public about the use of rehabilitated individuals to their fullest extent is a tertiary prevention. Educating a community about the proper use of environmental sanitation is an example of primary prevention. Educating a family about methods of protecting themselves from carcinogens is an example of primary prevention. Providing education about the need to pay attention to personality development is also an example of primary prevention.

A client dies during surgery, and the family members ask that the hospital not conduct autopsy examinations. Which religion might the nurse expect this family to practice? Multiple choice question Islam Hinduism Buddhism Christianity

Islam This family is likely to be Muslim; Islam does not allow autopsies. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity allow such postmortem examinations when required.

A nurse needs to obtain consent for the medical treatment of a child whose parent is a minor. What appropriate step should the nurse take to obtain consent? Multiple choice question The nurse should ask the minor to give consent. The nurse should wait for the consent of the court. The nurse should ask any adult siblings of the minor to give consent. The nurse should ask a legal guardian of the minor to give consent.

The nurse should ask the minor to give consent. The nurse obtains the consent from the minor whose child needs medical treatment. In case an unemancipated minor needs to give consent for an abortion, the nurse should wait for the consent of the court. The nurse should not ask adult siblings or the legal guardian of the minor to give consent if the minor's child requires medical treatment.

A registered nurse is explaining the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies to a nursing student. What information should the nurse provide about the competency teamwork and collaboration? Multiple choice question "A nurse should be able to use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate errors, and support decision-making." "A nurse should be able to understand that the client is the source of control and full partner when providing compassionate and coordinated care." "A nurse should be able to implement improvement methods to design and test changes in order to improve the quality and safety of the healthcare system." "A nurse should be able to work effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams by promoting open communication and shared decision-making to provide client care."

"A nurse should be able to work effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams by promoting open communication and shared decision-making to provide client care." According to the QSEN competency called teamwork and collaboration, a nurse should be able to work effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, promoting open communication and shared decision-making to provide quality client care. According to the QSEN competency called informatics, a nurse should be able to use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate errors, and support decision-making. This helps to deliver optimal healthcare. As per the QSEN competency called patient-centered care, a nurse should be able to understand that the client is the source of control and full partner when the healthcare team provides compassionate and coordinated care. According to the QSEN competency called quality improvement, a nurse should be able to implement improvement methods to design and test changes in order to improve the quality and safety of the healthcare system.

A registered nurse is educating a client about the three levels of prevention through different scenarios. Which scenario mentioned by the nurse is an example of secondary prevention? Multiple choice question "A nurse educates a young couple regarding sex and sexually transmitted infections." "A nurse collaborates with a dietician to help prepare a healthy nutritional plan for a client." "A nurse arranges for a client's rehabilitation to help in gaining maximum limb function after amputation." "A nurse takes charge of screening every client upon suspecting a chicken pox outbreak in the healthcare facility."

"A nurse takes charge of screening every client upon suspecting a chicken pox outbreak in the healthcare facility." Secondary level of prevention includes mass screening activities. Screening all the clients within the healthcare facility for chicken pox is an example of secondary prevention. Promoting health by providing education regarding sex and sexually transmitted infections is an example primary level prevention. Helping the client to follow healthy standards of nutrition is also an example of primary level of prevention. Rehabilitating a client to ensure maximum use of remaining capacity is an example of tertiary level of intervention.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about risk management methods to ensure that appropriate nursing care is provided to a client by identifying and eliminating potential hazards. What information should the registered nurse provide? . Multiple selection question "If an incident occurs, document in the client's medical record that an occurrence report has been filed." "Ensure that the three principles of The Joint Commission's Universal Protocol are adhered to before starting a surgery on a client." "Refrain from depending on the use of electronic monitoring devices completely because they are not always reliable." "File an occurrence report in case of an error in technique when administering medication intravenously (IV)." "Document that the healthcare provider was contacted, the information that was conveyed, and the response in the occurrence report."

"Ensure that the three principles of The Joint Commission's Universal Protocol are adhered to before starting a surgery on a client." "Refrain from depending on the use of electronic monitoring devices completely because they are not always reliable." "File an occurrence report in case of an error in technique when administering medication intravenously (IV)." The nurse should ensure that the three principles of the protocol are adhered to before starting surgery. This is done to prevent an incorrect surgery. The nurse should not rely on electronic monitoring devices completely because they are not always reliable. Constant assessment of a client is essential to help document the accuracy of electronic monitoring. The nurse should file an occurrence report in case of an error in technique when administering medication intravenously (IV) to the client. This is done to prevent recurrence of the error and to alert hospital authorities about the situation. The nurse should never document in the client's medical record that an occurrence report has been filed, because this report is confidential and is kept separated from other medical records. The nurse should document that the healthcare provider was contacted, what information was conveyed and the healthcare provider's response. This helps to defend against a lawsuit. However, this information should not be documented in the occurrence report.

A registered nurse is explaining Benner's five levels of proficiency that a nurse needs to go through to acquire and develop generalist or specialized nursing skills. Which statement should the registered nurse include in the teaching plan regarding the proficient stage? Multiple choice question "He or she should be in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years." "He or she should have had some level of experience with the situation." "He or she should be able to zero in on the problem and focus on managing care." "He or she should have more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position."

"He or she should have more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position." The nurse should have more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position in the proficient stage. In the competent stage, the nurse should be in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. In the advanced beginner stage, the nurse should have had some level of experience with the situation. In the expert level, the nurse should be able to zero in on the problem and focus on managing care.

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS). Which point mentioned by the student post-teaching needs correction? Multiple choice question "Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) is relied upon by health plans throughout the United States as a quality measure." "Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) is the database of choice for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)." "Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) conducts surveys via a randomly selected sample of adults who were discharged from a hospital between 48 hours and 6 weeks ago." "Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) was created by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) to collect data to measure the quality of care and services provided by different health plans."

"Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) conducts surveys via a randomly selected sample of adults who were discharged from a hospital between 48 hours and 6 weeks ago." The Hospital Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a survey that is conducted by randomly selecting samples of adults who were discharged from a hospital between 48 hours and six weeks ago. Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) is relied upon by health plans throughout the United States as a quality measure. HEDIS is the database of choice for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). HEDIS was created by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) to collect data to measure the quality of care and services provided by different health plans.

A nurse caring for a pregnant client prioritizes nursing actions on the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which statement of the client does the nurse consider to be a self-esteem need? Multiple choice question "I cannot contact my family as I eloped from home in order to get married." "If I don't comply with my husband's demands, I might not have anywhere to live." "My husband hurts me sometimes when I'm not able to live up to his expectations." "I deserve ill treatment from my husband as I'm incapable of doing even simple things perfectly."

"I deserve ill treatment from my husband as I'm incapable of doing even simple things perfectly." The client feels that she is incapable of performing simple tasks perfectly. This shows a lack of self-esteem. The nurse will consider this statement to be a self-esteem need. The client conveys to the nurse that she is not in touch with her family members. The nurse will consider this statement to be a love and belonging need as the client displays impaired social interaction. The client informs the nurse that she is in danger of losing her shelter. The nurse understands this statement to be an indication of a physiological need. The nurse notes that the client is in physical and psychological danger due to the husband's actions. The client displays the lack of safety and security need.

A nurse caring for a client prioritizes nursing actions on the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which statement of the client would meet the self-esteem need? Multiple choice question "I fear that my partner will leave me because of my illness." "I want to stay fit because my aim is to be a successful entrepreneur." "I do not have anyone in my life, as my family has disowned me." "I tend to get worried about every little thing because I cannot do anything successfully."

"I tend to get worried about every little thing because I cannot do anything successfully." According to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs model, certain human needs are more basic than others. When a client says that he or she tends to worry about every little thing because he or she cannot do anything successfully, this is an example of self-esteem needs. When a client says that he or she fears that his or her partner will leave him or her because of his or her illness, this statement is an example of safety and security needs. When a client says that he or she wants to stay fit to become a successful entrepreneur, this statement is an example of self-actualization needs. When a client says that he or she does not have anyone in his or her life because of being disowned by his or her family, this statement is an example of love and belonging needs.

A nurse listens to the statements made by a client during assessments to individualize care provided. Which statement made by the client would the nurse consider to be an external variable influencing the client's beliefs? Multiple choice question "I suffer from long bouts of depression whenever I fall ill." "Please teach me how to administer insulin; I am 16, which is old enough to do it on my own." "I have read in a book that human beings should drink at least eight glasses of water every day." "Please do not include chicken in my diet plan because my religion forbids me to consume meat."

"Please do not include chicken in my diet plan because my religion forbids me to consume meat." When a client conveys to the nurse that his or her religion forbids the consumption of meat, the nurse understands that the client's cultural background is influencing his or her health beliefs and practices. To individualize care, the nurse should take this external variable into consideration. A client who gets depressed due to illness is emotionally ill-equipped to deal with such conditions. The nurse considers this an internal variable to individualize care. When caring for a client, the nurse should take the client's developmental stage into consideration. The age of the client also influences the way in which the client perceives health beliefs and practices. Another internal variable to be considered by the nurse is the client's intellectual background. The client's correct or incorrect knowledge regarding the human body systems also influences health beliefs and practices.

A student nurse requests the registered nurse explain the characteristics of the primary nursing care delivery model. What explanation should the registered nurse provide? Multiple choice question "There is lateral communication from nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver." "Team members provide direct client care under the supervision of the registered nurse (RN). "The team leader develops client care plans, coordinates care among team members, and provides care requiring complex nursing skills." "There is hierarchical communication from charge nurse to charge nurse, charge nurse to team leader, and team leader to team members."

"There is lateral communication from nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver." The primary nursing care delivery model involves lateral communication from nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver. According to the team nursing care delivery model, team members provide direct client care under supervision of the registered nurse (RN). The team leader develops client care plans, coordinates care among team members, and provides care requiring complex nursing skills. Hierarchical communication from charge nurse to charge nurse, charge nurse to team leader, and team leader to team members is a characteristic of the team nursing care delivery model.

A nursing student is listing the steps that need to be considered when preparing discharge planning for a client. Which steps listed by the nursing student are accurate? Multiple selection question "Plan the client's discharge at the time of leaving the hospital." "Teach the client the safe and effective use of medications and medical equipment." "Remember that discharge planning is a centralized, coordinated, interdisciplinary process." "Coordinate with the primary healthcare provider only when preparing discharge planning. " "Develop a care plan that moves the client from the hospital to another level of healthcare."

- "Teach the client the safe and effective use of medications and medical equipment." -"Remember that discharge planning is a centralized, coordinated, interdisciplinary process." -"Develop a care plan that moves the client from the hospital to another level of healthcare." The nurse should teach the client the safe and effective use of medications and medical equipment before he or she leaves the health care facilities. The nurse should remember that discharge planning is a centralized, coordinated, interdisciplinary process that ensures that the client has a plan for continuing care after leaving a healthcare facility. The nurse should develop a care plan that moves the client from the hospital to another level of healthcare such as the client's home or a nursing home. The nurse should start discharge planning the moment a client is admitted to a healthcare facility. The nurse should coordinate with all members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team in order to identify and anticipate the client's need when preparing discharge planning.

A nursing student is citing examples of situations that constitute invasion of privacy. Which examples are accurate? Multiple selection question "A nurse states in a press conference that a famous singer is suffering from throat cancer." "A nurse informs a woman's husband that she has had a miscarriage without consulting with the client." "A nurse tells the parents of a 19-year-old that their child is addicted to drugs without waiting for consent." "A nurse informs the primary healthcare provider that the client has cancer without waiting for consent." "A nurse falsely enters in a client's electronic health record that he or she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI)."

-"A nurse states in a press conference that a famous singer is suffering from throat cancer." -"A nurse informs a woman's husband that she has had a miscarriage without consulting with the client." -"A nurse tells the parents of a 19-year-old that their child is addicted to drugs without waiting for consent." All medical information of clients is confidential and should not be revealed to unauthorized personnel; a violation of this confidentiality is considered to be an invasion of privacy. Revealing information about a client's illness to media personnel is considered to be invasion of privacy. The nurse should not inform the client's husband about the miscarriage without consulting with the client. In addition, divulging information about an adult client's drug abuse to his or her parents without consent is an invasion of privacy. Informing the primary healthcare provider about the client's illness without waiting for the client's consent is not considered to be an invasion of privacy, because the information is being shared for the purpose of medical treatment. Entering false information in the client's electronic health recording may damage the reputation of the client. This is considered to be libel.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the importance of nursing documentation for performing risk management. What information should the nurse give? Multiple selection question "A nurse's documentation is the evidence of care that a client receives." "Nurses' notes should not be given to attorneys in the event of a lawsuit." "The nurse should note down assessments and significant changes in the client's health." "In case an occurrence report is filed, nurses should enter the information the client's charts." "Nurses should always document the primary healthcare providers' responses whenever they are contacted."

-"A nurse's documentation is the evidence of care that a client receives." -"The nurse should note down assessments and significant changes in the client's health." -"Nurses should always document the primary healthcare providers' responses whenever they are contacted." To perform risk management, nurses should always complete documentation in the appropriate manner. A nurse's documentation is considered to be an evidence of care received by a client. Documenting assessments and significant changes in the client's health are essential because this information helps to defend nurses in lawsuits. Nurses should document that the primary healthcare provider was contacted and document the provider's response to the situation at hand. Attorneys often review nurses' notes first if a lawsuit is filed. Nurses should never document that an occurrence report has been completed in a client's chart.

What information should the registered nurse provide when teaching a nursing student about defamation of character? Multiple selection question "It is an example of an intentional tort." "Speaking falsely about another person is slander." "Written defamation of character is also called libel." "It is the publication of false statements that may damage a person's reputation." "Defamation of character may occur if nursing care falls below the standards of care."

-"Speaking falsely about another person is slander." -"Written defamation of character is also called libel." -"It is the publication of false statements that may damage a person's reputation." Slander is a type of defamation of character. It involves speaking falsely about another person. Libel occurs when written defamation of character takes place. The publication of false statements that may cause damage to a person's reputation is called defamation of character. Defamation of character is a quasi-intentional tort. Malpractice may occur if nursing care falls below the standards of care.

The advanced practice registered nurse is the most independently functioning nurse. What are the specific functions of the nurse practitioner as an advanced practice registered nurse in a healthcare setting? Multiple selection question A nurse practitioner focuses on teaching clients and family members to self-manage illnesses or disabilities. A nurse practitioner is usually a certified diabetes educator or an ostomy care nurse and sees only a specific population of clients. A nurse practitioner has the knowledge and skills necessary to detect and manage self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions. A nurse practitioner provides comprehensive care by directly managing the medical care of clients who are healthy or who have chronic conditions. A nurse practitioner may establish a collaborative provider-client relationship, working with a specific group of clients or with clients of all ages and healthcare needs. Eugene on target

-A nurse practitioner has the knowledge and skills necessary to detect and manage self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions. -A nurse practitioner provides comprehensive care by directly managing the medical care of clients who are healthy or who have chronic conditions. -A nurse practitioner may establish a collaborative provider-client relationship, working with a specific group of clients or with clients of all ages and healthcare needs. Eugene on target. A nurse practitioner is an advanced practice registered nurse who has the knowledge and skills necessary to detect and manage self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions. A nurse practitioner provides comprehensive care by directly managing the medical care of clients who are healthy or who have chronic conditions. A nurse practitioner may establish a collaborative provider-client relationship, working with a specific group of clients or with clients of all ages and healthcare needs. A nurse educator focuses on the teachings of clients and their family members so that they can self-manage illnesses or disabilities. A nurse educator is usually a certified diabetes educator or an ostomy care nurse and sees only a specific population of clients.

A victim of an automobile crash is brought to the hospital. The nurse notes that the client is in need of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). What factors should the nurse remember before performing CPR? Multiple selection question Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency treatment that is provided without a client's consent. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not performed on adult clients who have already consented to a do not resuscitate order either verbally or in writing. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not to be performed by a primary healthcare provider in violation of a do not resuscitate order under any circumstances. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed on appropriate clients unless a do not resuscitate order has been signed and made part of the client's record. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is generally performed on any client who requires resuscitation in an emergency, but the client's consent is required.

-Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency treatment that is provided without a client's consent. -Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not performed on adult clients who have already consented to a do not resuscitate order either verbally or in writing. -Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed on appropriate clients unless a do not resuscitate order has been signed and made part of the client's record. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency treatment provided to clients without a formal consent. CPR should not be performed on an adult client who has already consented to a do not resuscitate order, either verbally or in writing. CPR is performed on appropriate clients unless a do not resuscitate order has been placed in the client's list. The primary healthcare provider is required to review clients' DNR orders in case there is a need for change because of the client's condition.

A nurse is caring for a community-dwelling older adult with dementia. What interventions should the nurse take to ensure the client's well-being? Multiple selection question Obtain the client's drug history and educate the older adult about safe medication storage Foster human dignity and maintain the best possible functioning, protection, and safety Teach the client to be cautious of false advertisements that promise a cure for the disease Show the caregiver techniques to dress, feed, and toilet the older adult Protect the client's rights and provide support to maintain the physical and mental health of family members

-Foster human dignity and maintain the best possible functioning, protection, and safety -Show the caregiver techniques to dress, feed, and toilet the older adult -Protect the client's rights and provide support to maintain the physical and mental health of family members When caring for a community-dwelling older adult with dementia, the nurse should maintain the best possible functioning, protection, and safety in addition to fostering human dignity. The nurse should demonstrate to the caregiver techniques to dress, feed, and toilet the client, and protect the client's rights and provide support to maintain the physical and mental health of the family members. When a community-dwelling older adult has medication use and abuse issues, the nurse should obtain the client's drug history. Educating an older adult with dementia about safe medication storage is not appropriate because he or she may not understand the process. If a community-dwelling older adult has arthritis, the nurse should teach the adult to be cautious of false advertisements that promise a cure for the disease.

A group of nurses are assessing the quality of health care provided in a women's health hospital. What should the nurses consider when performing this assessment? Multiple selection question The number of employees working in the hospital The number of patients admitted in the hospital per day The satisfaction of the patient with regard to the treatment provided The safety measures taken while using the equipment in the hospital The implementation of recent evidence-based treatment approaches in the hospital

-The satisfaction of the patient with regard to the treatment provided -The safety measures taken while using the equipment in the hospital -The implementation of recent evidence-based treatment approaches in the hospital The main role of the hospital is to provide good-quality health care to patients. Various factors determine the quality of the health care organization. Patient satisfaction is one of the important factors that determine health care quality. The better the treatment facilities, the greater the patient satisfaction. The safe use of equipment in the hospitals is very important. The failure to ensure the safety of the patient may result in health complications in the patient, and this indicates poor health quality. Treatment strategies that are based on evidence ensure the good prognosis of the patient. Therefore the implementation of recent evidence-based treatment approaches in the hospital is also an important factor for determining quality. The number of employees does not determine the quality of the care provided. The skills of the employees affect the quality of health care. The number of patients admitted per day is also dependent on many factors. It does not determine the quality of health care.

What does the nurse understand by the word felony? Multiple choice question A felony is a less serious crime that has a penalty of a fine or imprisonment for less than one year. A felony is the publication of false statements that occurs when one speaks falsely about another. A felony is the publication of false statements that occurs when false entries are made in a medical record. A felony is a crime of a serious nature that has a penalty of imprisonment for longer than one year or even death.

A felony is a crime of a serious nature that has a penalty of imprisonment for longer than one year or even death A felony is a crime of a serious nature that has a penalty of imprisonment for longer than 1 year or even death. A misdemeanor is a less serious crime that has a penalty of a fine or imprisonment for less than 1 year. Slander is the publication of false statements that occurs when one speaks falsely about another. Libel is the publication of false statements that occurs when false entries are made in the medical record.

A hospitalized client experiences a fall after climbing over the bed's side rails. Upon reviewing the client's medical record, the nurse discovers that restraints had been prescribed but were not in place at the time of the fall. What information should the nurse include in the follow-up incident report? Multiple choice question A statement that the nursing staff was not at fault because the client initiated the accident A listing of facts related to the incident as witnessed by the nurse The name of the nurse who was responsible for implementing the restraints The potential reasons why the restraints were not in place at the time of the fall

A listing of facts related to the incident as witnessed by the nurse The nurse filling out an incident or variance report needs to state only the objective facts surrounding the incident, no opinion or speculation. In an incident report, fault or blame is subjective and should not be implied. It is not necessary to include names except for those of witnesses. Speculations or opinions as to the reason why the ordered restraints were not on the client are subjective and not appropriate to include in an incident or variance report.

The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies that are required to improve the quality of client care. Which scenario is representative of the teamwork and collaboration competency? Multiple choice question A nurse uses the intake and output (I & O) form to ensure that the client has accurate fluid intake. A nurse discusses the development of a special diet chart with a dietician for a diabetic client. A nurse educates the caregiver on the basic steps for caring for a client with a central venous access device (CVAD) at home. A nurse ensures that clients and other healthcare team members are shifted to a safe place in case of a fire in the hospital setting.

A nurse discusses the development of a special diet chart with a dietician for a diabetic client. A nurse collaborating with a dietician to prepare a special diet chart is an example of the teamwork and collaboration competency. The quality improvement competency involves the use of intake and output (I & O) forms to improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems. In the case of the client-centered care competency, the nurse involves family and friends to provide care to the client. In the case of safety competency, the nurse minimizes the risk of harm to clients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.

Nurses are held responsible for the commission of a tort. What is the definition of a tort? Multiple choice question The application of force to the body of another by a reasonable individual An illegality committed by one person against the property or person of another Doing something that a reasonable person under ordinary circumstances would not do An illegality committed against the public and punishable by the law through the courts

An illegality committed by one person against the property or person of another An individual is held legally responsible for actions committed against another individual or an individual's property. The application of force to the body of another is battery, which involves physical harm. Doing something that a reasonable person under ordinary circumstances would not do is the definition of negligence. An illegality committed against the public and punishable by the law through the courts is the definition of a crime.

A nurse is preparing a lecture for a group of nursing students related to ethics and legal principles. Which statement would be appropriate to include? Multiple choice question Beneficence emphasizes the importance of preventing harm and ensuring the client's well-being. After the nurse has delegated a task or activity, the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is accountable for the task or activity. Social justice is an obligation to protect a client as an advocate when a client is not capable of self-determination. There is a universal list that all states use that describes tasks that can be safely delegated and assigned to nursing team members.

Beneficence emphasizes the importance of preventing harm and ensuring the client's well-being. Beneficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of preventing harm and ensuring the client's well-being. The nurse is always accountable for the task or activity that is delegated. Social justice refers to equality; that is, all clients should be treated equally and fairly. Each state designates which tasks may be safely delegated and assigned to nursing team members.

What are the four core roles for the advanced practice registered nurse (RN)? Multiple selection question Ostomy care nurse Clinical nurse specialist Certified nurse midwife Certified RN anesthetist Certified diabetes educator Certified nurse practitioner

Clinical nurse specialist Certified nurse midwife Certified RN anesthetist Certified nurse practitioner Clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified nurse midwife (CNM), certified RN anesthetist (CRNA) and certified nurse practitioner (CNP) are the four core roles for the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN). Ostomy care nurse and certified diabetes educator (CDE) are not core roles for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). They are specialized nurse educators.

The nurse is caring for a client with breast cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which action performed by the nurse is in accordance with the rules of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)? Multiple choice question Checks the prescription before administering medications to the client Refers the client to support systems and provides financial assistance Teaches safety measures to the client in order to prevent the risk of infection Enters symptoms and treatment provided to the client in the electronic health record (EHR)

Enters symptoms and treatment provided to the client in the electronic health record (EHR) The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) specify how health care professionals should use electronic health records (EHRs) to receive Medicare and Medicaid payment incentives. The nurse should enter symptoms, treatments, and outcomes in the EHR because doing so helps to claim insurance. The CMS does not provide guidelines to prevent medication errors. The Joint Commission's National Client Safety Rules provides guidelines to prevent medication errors. Therefore checking the prescription before administering the medication is not in accordance with the rules of CMS. The CMS does not direct the nurse to refer the client to support systems or to provide financial assistance. The hospital's social worker provides information about support systems and financial assistance. The CMS does not provide guidelines to prevent infection in clients. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) provides guidelines to prevent client infections. Therefore teaching safety measures to the client in order to prevent infection is not in accordance with the CMS.

The nurse is presenting information about hyperthermia to a group of nursing students. Which activities put a client at risk for this condition? Multiple choice question Snowmobiling Skiing in the winter Hiking Alaskan mountains Performing strenuous activity in high humidity

Performing strenuous activity in high humidity When a client performs strenuous activity in high humidity, it reduces heat loss from the body and results in hyperthermia. Activities such as snowmobiling, skiing, and hiking in cold weather may cause hypothermia because they occur in cold temperatures and may lower the body temperature.

What is the professional nurse's legal responsibility regarding child abuse? Multiple choice question Honor the request of the parents not to report the suspected abuse. Report any suspected abuse to local law enforcement authorities. Return the child to the legal parent even if he or she is suspected of abuse. Provide the parents with a copy of the child's medical record.

Report any suspected abuse to local law enforcement authorities. Nurses and primary healthcare providers are legally responsible for reporting suspected or actual abuse. Child protective services may obtain a court order to grant temporary guardianship if it is found that the child is in immediate danger. The other answer options do not fulfil the nurse's duty to report suspected child abuse.

What are external barriers that can prevent a nursing professional from making morally correct actions? Multiple selection question Inadequate staffing Lack of assertiveness Perception of powerlessness Lack of organizational support Poor relationships with colleagues

-Inadequate staffing -Lack of organizational support -Poor relationships with colleagues When faced with dilemmas, external and internal barriers may prevent a professional from acting in a morally correct way. This may cause moral distress. External barriers include inadequate staffing, lack of organizational support, and poor relationships with colleagues. These factors are present in the organizational environment and can lead a person to act in a particular manner. Internal barriers are factors within a person that prevent one from acting in a morally correct way. These include lack of assertiveness and perception of powerlessness.

Litigation resulting from improper restraint use is a common nursing legal issue. A nursing student is listing points related to the use of restraints. Which factor needs correction? Multiple choice question Restraints can be used when less restrictive interventions are not successful. Restraints can be used when all other alternatives have been tried and exhausted. Restraints can be used only to ensure the physical safety of the resident or other residents. Restraints can be used anytime without a written order from the healthcare provider.

Restraints can be used anytime without a written order from the healthcare provider. Restraints can be used only on the written order of a healthcare provider. Restraints can be used when less restrictive interventions are not successful. Restraints may be used after all available alternatives have been tried and exhausted. Restraints can be used only to ensure the physical safety of the resident or other residents.

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the nurse's professional roles and responsibilities. When does the nurse play the role of an educator? Multiple choice question "A client requests the nurse to pray with him or her for quick recovery and the nurse complies with the request." "A client is unable to sleep due to back pain. The nurse provides a back massage, which helps the client to fall asleep." "A client with dementia refuses to take baths and loudly protests. The nurse consoles the client and provides the bath later." "A client is being discharged from the hospital setting with an implanted port. The nurse describes the routine care activities to prevent any complications."

"A client is being discharged from the hospital setting with an implanted port. The nurse describes the routine care activities to prevent any complications." As an educator, the nurse explains, instructs, or describes about health to the client. In the given scenario, the nurse describes the routine care activities to a client who is being discharged with an implanted port, and therefore is playing the role of an educator. As a caregiver, the nurse meets all health care needs of the client such as emotional, spiritual, and social well-being. The nurse adheres to the principle of autonomy by initiating independent nursing interventions without medical orders to assist the client. As a communicator, the nurse regularly communicates with clients, family members, and other health care providers to manage and coordinate client care.

A nurse caring for a client prioritizes nursing actions on the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which statement made by the client meets the self-actualization need? Multiple choice question "I need help because I am having trouble breathing properly." "I cannot afford health care because I am homeless." "People always tend to criticize me, even if I do something good." "I want to live because I want to be a good parent to my kids."

"I want to live because I want to be a good parent to my kids." According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest expression of one's individual potential. When a client says that he or she wants to live because his or she wants to be a good parent to his or her kids, this statement indicates a need for self-actualization. When a client says that he or she is having trouble breathing, this statement indicates that the client has physiological needs. When a client says that he or she cannot afford health care because of homelessness, this statement indicates a deficiency in physiological needs. When a client says that people always tend to criticize him or her even if he or she does something good, this statement is an example of self-esteem needs.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student on the various classifications of torts. What acts are classified as intentional torts in nursing practice? Multiple selection question Battery Assault Negligence Malpractice False Imprisonment

-Battery -Assault -False Imprisonment Intentional torts include battery, assault, and false imprisonment. Unintentional torts include negligence and malpractice.

What are common negligent acts of nurses found in the hospital setting? Multiple selection question Failure to notify the healthcare provider of problems Failure to follow the six rights of medication administration Failure to ensure the safety of a client with disequilibrium problems Failure to notify a family member about the client's current status Failure to administer medication during an emergency without consulting with the nursing manager

-Failure to notify the healthcare provider of problems -Failure to follow the six rights of medication administration -Failure to ensure the safety of a client with disequilibrium problems Common negligent acts of nurses include failure to notify the healthcare provider of problems, failure to follow the six rights of medication administration, and failure to ensure the safety of a client with disequilibrium problems. Failure to notify the family member about the client's current status is not a common negligent act. The nurse does not have the authority to administer medications without a primary healthcare provider's order. Therefore, this action is also not a common negligent act.

What activities would the nurse state are involved in providing a secondary level of preventive care? Multiple selection question Using specific immunizations Preventing the spread of communicable disease Providing facilities to limit disability and prevent death Providing adequate treatment to arrest the disease process Educating the public and industry to use rehabilitated individuals to the fullest possible extent

-Preventing the spread of communicable disease -Providing facilities to limit disability and prevent death -Providing adequate treatment to arrest the disease process When providing secondary level of preventive care, the nurse would explain that preventing the spread of communicable diseases, providing facilities to limit disability and prevent death, and also providing adequate treatment to arrest disease process are key components. Specific immunizations are used when providing a primary level of preventive care. When providing a tertiary level of preventive care, the public and industry should be educated to use rehabilitated persons to the fullest possible extent.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the similarities and differences between the deontological and utilitarianism systems of ethics. What information should the nurse provide? Multiple selection question The difference between utilitarianism and deontology is the focus on outcomes. Utilitarianism takes into consideration the usefulness of an action; deontology does not look into consequences. Utilitarianism measures the effect that an act will have; deontology looks to the presence of principles regardless of the outcome. Utilitarianism and deontology are closely related to the ethics of care because both ideologies promote a philosophy that focuses on understanding relationships. Both utilitarianism and deontology look into the nature of relationships and propose that the natural urge to be influenced by relationships is a positive value.

-The difference between utilitarianism and deontology is the focus on outcomes. -Utilitarianism takes into consideration the usefulness of an action; deontology does not look into consequences. -Utilitarianism measures the effect that an act will have; deontology looks to the presence of principles regardless of the outcome. The difference between utilitarianism and deontology is the focus on outcomes of the effects. Utilitarianism takes into consideration the usefulness of an action; deontology does not look into consequences. Utilitarianism measures the effect that an act will have; deontology looks to the presence of principles regardless of the outcome. Ethics of care and feminist ethics are closely related because both promote a philosophy that focuses on understanding relationships, especially personal narratives. Feminist ethics look into the nature of relationships and propose that the natural urge to be influenced by relationships is a positive value.

A nursing student is listing the professional responsibilities and roles of the nurse. Who is the most independently functioning nurse? Multiple choice question Nurse educator Nurse researcher Nurse administrator Advanced practice registered nurse

Advanced practice registered nurse The advanced practice registered nurse is the most independently functioning nurse. The nurse educator, nurse researcher, and nurse administrator all must be associated with an organization to pursue their professional prospects.

A nursing student is recalling the definitions of acts that are classified as torts in nursing practice. Which tort involves intentional touching without the client's consent? Multiple choice question Battery Invasion of privacy False imprisonment Defamation of character

Battery Battery is defined as intentional touching without the client's consent; this action may cause an injury or may be offensive to the client's personal dignity. Invasion of privacy is the announcement of a client's medical information to an unauthorized person. False imprisonment occurs when the nurse places the client in restraints without the approval of the primary healthcare provider. Defamation of character is the publication of false statements that result in damage to a person's reputation.

What purpose does a community health center serve in preventive and primary care services? Multiple choice question Community health centers are outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a specific population. Community health centers aim to increase worker productivity, decrease absenteeism, and reduce the use of costly medical care. Community health centers emphasize program management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and community health principles. Community health centers include a complete program designed for health promotion and accident or illness prevention in the workplace.

Community health centers are outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a specific population. Community health centers are outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a specific population, such as clients with young children or clients with diabetes. Occupational health services aim to increase worker productivity, decrease absenteeism, and reduce the use of costly medical care. School health services emphasize program management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and community health principles. Occupational health services include a complete program designed for health promotion and accident or illness prevention in the workplace.

When being interviewed for a position as a registered professional nurse, the applicant is asked to identify an example of an intentional tort. What is the appropriate response? Multiple choice question Negligence Malpractice Breach of duty False imprisonment

False imprisonment False imprisonment is a wrong committed by one person against another in a willful, intentional way without just cause or excuse. Negligence is an unintentional tort. Malpractice, which is professional negligence, is classified as an unintentional tort. Breach of duty is an unintentional tort.

How does the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP) help nurses deliver effective care to clients? Multiple choice question It gives information about medications and their side effects. It provides information about various cultural practices and beliefs. It provides vocabulary to include nursing data in computerized information systems. It helps the nurse to conduct biosurveillance and gives information on various diseases.

It provides vocabulary to include nursing data in computerized information systems. The American Nurses Association recognizes the International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP) as standardized terminology for nursing. It provides vocabulary to include nursing data in computerized information systems, such as the electronic health record. ICNP is not a drug guide, so it does not provide information about medications and their side effects. ICNP does not give information on cultural practices and beliefs. Unlike public health informatics, ICNP does not help to develop new tools and methodologies for conducting biosurveillance.

A foreign language-speaking client needs to undergo chemotherapy; a signed consent form is required. What should the nurse do to explain the terms of the consent to the client? Multiple choice question Seek the help of an official interpreter. Seek the help of the primary healthcare provider to assist the client. Seek help from the client's family friend who speaks the client's language. Seek help from the client's caregiver who speaks the same language as the client.

Seek the help of an official interpreter. The nurse should seek the help of an official interpreter to explain the terms of consent to the client. The nurse should not ask for the primary healthcare provider's assistance because he or she might not know the language. The nurse should not seek help from the client's family friend who speaks the language because he or she is not authorized to interpret health information. The nurse should not seek help from the client's caregiver who speaks the same language because he or she should not interpret health information.

Which nursing action is legally required? Multiple choice question Providing health teaching regarding family planning Offering first aid at the scene of an automobile collision Reporting incidents of suspected child abuse to the appropriate authorities Administering resuscitative measures to an unconscious child pulled from a swimming pool

Reporting incidents of suspected child abuse to the appropriate authorities The reporting of possible child abuse is required by law, and the nurse's identity can remain confidential. The nurse is functioning in a professional capacity and therefore can be held accountable. Although the Good Samaritan Act protects health professionals, the nurse is still responsible for acting as any reasonably prudent nurse would in a similar situation.

The student nurse is reviewing the electronic health record for clients in a health care facility. Which action by the student nurse may inhibit clients from disclosing personal information? Multiple choice question Use of clients' data for nursing research Use of client data for Medicaid payment Discussing a client's illness with the client Sharing clients' data with family members

Sharing clients' data with family members Clients may not want their health information shared with others and may want to maintain their privacy. If the nurse retrieves client data from the electronic health records and shares it with family members, it may lead to clients not sharing information. The nurse can use client data for research without mentioning a client's personal details. The nurse can use client data for filing insurance to receive Medicaid payments. The nurse can discuss the client's illness with the client; doing so helps to understand the client's perspective and to provide effective care.

The waiting area of a health care facility displays a pink triangle. What does this signify? Multiple choice question The waiting area is for females. The waiting area is for pediatric patients. The health care facility welcomes transwomen. The health care facility welcomes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) patients.

The health care facility welcomes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) patients. A waiting room in a health care facility marked with a pink triangle indicates that the health care facility is in a safe place for LGBTQ patients, and they can expect respectful and knowledgeable quality care. Other symbols might be used to represent areas that are meant for female and pediatric patients. There are no widely used symbols to designate transwomen-specific health care facilities.

What was the underlying purpose of the national health information technology infrastructure that originated from the Executive Order Incentives for the Use of Health Information Technology issued by President George W. Bush in 2004? Multiple choice question To create a new subspecialty of nursing informatics To improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care To have a process for formulating pertinent nursing diagnoses To provide a set of tools in order to achieve quality client outcomes

To improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care President George Bush issued the Executive Order Incentives for the Use of Health Information Technology with the ultimate goal of improving the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care. This was to be achieved by mandating that most health care facilities implement an Electronic Health Record for client information. The underlying purpose of the Executive Order Incentives for the Use of Health Information Technology was not for creating a new nursing subspecialty. Nursing informatics happened as a result of the order. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) International organization is a classification system for developing nursing diagnoses. Clinical information systems offer a set of tools for the clinician to achieve quality client outcomes.

A nurse administrator needs to assess the quality of health care delivered in the hospital. What is the most important prerequisite for measuring health care quality? Multiple choice question To implement the root cause analysis tool To review all the incident reports documented To collect all the medical records of the hospital To prepare nurse performance evaluation forms

To collect all the medical records of the hospital The most important prerequisite for assessing the quality of health care delivery system is to collect the medical records of the patients admitted and discharged from the hospital. The process of care provided to the patients and the outcomes of care are the most important determiners of health care quality. The nurse performance evaluation forms should be prepared to assess the clinical skills and knowledge of the nurses working in the health care system. The incident reports document the adverse events that have occurred in a hospital due to medical errors. These alone do not predict the health care quality provided in a health care system. The root cause analysis tool only helps find the cause of sentinel events that have occurred in the hospital.

The Surgeon General used the data from the 2000 census classification system to identify disparities in mental health care along racial-ethnic lines. What is the secondary use of this data? Multiple choice question To provide culturally relevant care to the required ethnic group To identify all racial and ethnic groups in the United States To determine why there are disparities in the United States To determine when and how the health care needs of the ethnic populations are being met

To determine when and how the health care needs of the ethnic populations are being met The census classification system categorized individuals according to racial and ethnic descriptions. In addition to identifying health disparities, recording these classifications helps to determine when and how the health care needs of ethnic populations are being met. Nurses should practice culturally relevant nursing in order to meet the needs of culturally diverse patients of a specific ethnic group; the census has nothing to do with this. Because each racial group contains multiple ethnic cultures, the census does not succeed in identifying all of them in the United States, and it doesn't include them all as options. Although the census helps identify health disparities, it does not attempt to examine and determine why they exist.

A nurse is discussing various scenarios involving healthcare settings and services with other team members. Which scenario mentioned by the nurse is an example of continuing care? Multiple choice question Caring for a client with Parkinson's disease who requires day care service Explaining to the family member the risks and benefits of screening for cancer Teaching a couple about the proper use of contraceptives and promotion of sexual health Teaching a teenager about the importance of eating nutritious foods to prevent health issues

Caring for a client with Parkinson's disease who requires day care service Caring for an older client with Parkinson's disease who requires day care service qualifies as continuing care. Explaining to a family member about the risks and benefits of screening for cancer qualifies as preventive care. Teaching a couple about the proper use of contraceptives and methods of promoting sexual health is considered primary care. Teaching a teenager about the importance of eating nutritious foods to prevent health issues is also considered primary care.

An adult client with mobility problems wishes to become an organ donor. Which act allows the client to donate his or her organs? Multiple choice question Mental Health Parity Act Uniform Anatomical Gift Act National Organ Transplant Act Americans with Disabilities Act

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act gives the right to donate organs to any person who is at least 18 years old. The Mental Health Parity Act forbids health plans from placing lifetime or annual limits on mental health coverage that are less generous than those placed on medical or surgical benefits. The National Organ Transplant Act forbids the purchase or sale of organs. The Americans with Disabilities Act protects people with physical or mental disabilities against discrimination and ensures that they get fair opportunities and services in the social and professional spheres.

A registered nurse is educating a student nurse regarding the role of value clarification in the resolution of ethical dilemmas. What information should the nurse provide? Multiple choice question "Value clarification involves tolerating differences of opinions." "Value clarification involves reinforcing or challenging family values." "Value clarification involves accepting strong values by individuals as facts." "Value clarification involves relating values to facts when dealing with ethical issues."

"Value clarification involves tolerating differences of opinions."

The nurse is collecting case reports that can be analyzed using the failure mode effective analysis (FMEA) tool. Which case files should the nurse collect? Multiple selection question A patient is in a coma due to severe hemolytic transfusion reaction. A patient with depression committed suicide by falling off the terrace of the hospital. A patient had a retained foreign body left during surgery which was removed immediately. A patient who was in wheelchair was rescued from falling in the corridor of the hospital. A patient developed a urinary tract infection after 4 days of continuous catheterization.

-A patient had a retained foreign body left during surgery which was removed immediately. -A patient who was in wheelchair was rescued from falling in the corridor of the hospital. -A patient developed a urinary tract infection after 4 days of continuous catheterization. The failure mode effective analysis tool is used to analyze the cause of near-miss events and adverse events. A retained foreign body after surgery if removed immediately is a type of near-miss event. A patient developing a urinary tract infection after catheterization is a type of adverse event. A wheelchair-bound patient was rescued from falling in the hospital corridor is a type of near-miss event. The cause of these events can be analyzed using the FMEA tool. A patient in a coma due to severe hemolytic transfusion reaction and a depressed patient who committed suicide are types of sentinel events. The cause of these events can be assessed by using the root cause analysis tool.

A registered nurse is explaining the importance of capitation to a nursing student. What information should the nurse provide? Multiple selection question Capitation is used to review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care. Capitation influences the way healthcare providers deliver care in all types of settings. Capitation means that primary healthcare providers are paid a fixed amount per client of a health care plan. Capitation identifies and eliminates the overuse of diagnostic and treatment services ordered by primary healthcare providers for Medicare. Capitation aims to build a payment plan for select diagnoses or surgical procedures that consists of the best standards of care at the lowest cost.

-Capitation influences the way healthcare providers deliver care in all types of settings. -Capitation means that primary healthcare providers are paid a fixed amount per client of a health care plan. -Capitation aims to build a payment plan for select diagnoses or surgical procedures that consists of the best standards of care at the lowest cost. Capitation influences the way healthcare providers deliver care in all types of settings. Capitation means that health care providers are paid fixed amount per client enrolled in a health care plan. Capitation aims to build a payment plan for select diagnoses or surgical procedures that consists of the best standards of care at the lowest cost. The professional standards review organizations (PSROs) are responsible for reviewing the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care. The utilization review (UR) committee identifies and eliminates overuse of diagnostic and treatment services ordered by primary health care providers caring for clients on Medicare.

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes mellitus who is on insulin therapy. After the patient experiences a cardiac arrest, the patient is transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). Which nursing interventions are the major attributes that affect the quality of care provided to the patient? Multiple selection question Develop a diet plan according to the patient's food preference. Coordinate with the members of the ICU while transferring the patient. Provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation before transferring the patient. Encourage the patient's family members to visit the patient frequently. Administer digoxin (Cardoxin) to the patient according to the prescription.

-Coordinate with the members of the ICU while transferring the patient. -Provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation before transferring the patient. - Administer digoxin (Cardoxin) to the patient according to the prescription. The major attributes that affect the quality of care are coordinating with the members of different departments during transitions, providing most important services, and acting within the scope of practice. Therefore coordinating with the members of the ICU while transferring the patient, providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and administering digoxin (Cardoxin) are the major attributes. Considering the patient's preference is a minor attribute that affects the quality of care and helps provide patient-centered care. Thus developing a diet plan according to the patient's food preference is a minor attribute. The nurse should take measures to prevent the risk of infection. Therefore the nurse should not ask the family members to visit the patient frequently because it increases the risk of infection.

What are examples of public or population health informatics? Multiple selection question Dental informatics Medical informatics Consumer informatics Global health informatics Community health informatics

-Global health informatics -Community health informatics Global health informatics and community health informatics are examples of public health informatics that help in biosurveillance and determining outbreak response of a disease. Dental informatics, medical informatics, and consumer informatics are examples of clinical informatics.

Who are the members of the panel that identifies new National Patient Safety Goals? Multiple selection question Nurses Lawyers Pharmacists Risk managers Computer science specialists

-Nurses -Pharmacists -Risk managers An expert panel comprising nurses, pharmacists, risk managers, and physicians is appointed by The Joint Commission. This panel conducts systematic review of the literature available in the existing databases to identify the new National Patient Safety Goals. Lawyers and computer specialists are not part of this expert panel.

Identify factors associated with an increased incidence of abuse within a family. Multiple selection question Acute illness Pregnancy Drug abuse Chronic illness Sexual orientation

-Pregnancy -Drug abuse -Sexual orientation Pregnancy, drug abuse, and sexual orientation are associated with an increased incidence of abuse within a family. Acute and chronic illness may place stress on the family, but these factors are not specifically linked to a higher incidence of violence.

The nurse provides care for a patient that had a stroke. In addition to stroke, the nurse recalls that the other current leading causes of death in the United States are what? Multiple selection question Stroke Cancers Dementia Accidents Infections

-Stroke -Cancers -Dementia Researchers revealed that conditions such as stroke, cancers, and dementia are the leading causes of death in the United States. Accidents and infections are not current leading causes of the death in the United States; they were the leading causes of death a century ago.

The professional obligation of a nurse to assume responsibility for actions is referred to as what? Multiple choice question Accountability Individuality Responsibility Bioethics

Accountability Nurses have an obligation to uphold the highest standards of practice, assume full responsibility for actions, and maintain quality in the knowledge base and skill of the profession; this is referred to as accountability. Individuality and responsibility are positive characteristics of the nurse but are not necessarily professional obligations. Bioethics is a field of study concerned with the ethics and philosophical implications of certain biologic and medical procedures and treatments.

A nursing instructor provides teaching about the ethical principle of nonmaleficence to a group of nursing students. What is appropriate for the nurse to include in the education? Multiple choice question Treat all patients equitably and fairly. Act in ways to prevent harm to patients. Tell the patient the truth about their health. Help the patients to make informed choices.

Act in ways to prevent harm to patients. Nonmaleficence means to act in ways that prevent patient harm or even the risk of harm. Telling the truth to patients about their health refers to veracity. Helping patients make informed choices promotes autonomy. Justice involves treating all patients equitably and fairly.

A client has the habit of staying up and watching movies till 4 a.m. on weekends. The nurse educates the client about the risks of not following a proper sleep routine. The client responds by saying, "I understand your point, but I haven't had any major problems yet." Which stage of health behavior change does the nurse recognize? Multiple choice question Action Preparation Contemplation Precontemplation

Contemplation A client who accepts the information provided by the nurse but still shows some ambivalence is probably in the contemplation stage of behavior change. A client in the action stage of behavior change may have implemented changes but is likely to find that old habits get in the way of new actions. In the preparation stage, the client understands that the benefits of the change outweigh its disadvantages and therefore seeks assistance to plan the changes. In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to enact a change in health behavior in the next 6 months and may reject the nurse's instructions or even become defensive.

A nursing student is listing examples of active and passive health promotion strategies. Which strategy is an example of a passive health promotion strategy? Multiple choice question Weight-reduction program Smoking-cessation program Drug abuse prevention strategy Fluoridation of municipal drinking water

Fluoridation of municipal drinking water Passive strategies of health promotion help people benefit from the activities of others without direct involvement. The fluoridation of municipal drinking water is an example of a passive health promotion strategy. Active strategies of health promotion require clients to adopt specific programs for improving health. Weight-reduction programs, smoking-cessation programs, and drug abuse prevention strategies are examples of active health promotion activities.

Twenty-four hours after a cesarean birth, a client elects to sign herself and her baby out of the hospital. Staff members are unable to contact her primary healthcare provider. The client arrives at the nursery and asks that her infant be given to her to take home. What is the most appropriate nursing action? Multiple choice question Give the infant to the client and instruct her regarding the infant's care. Explain to the client that she can leave, but her infant must remain in the hospital. Emphasize to the client that the infant is a minor and legally must remain until prescriptions are received. Tell the client that hospital policy prevents the staff from releasing the infant until ready for discharge.

Give the infant to the client and instruct her regarding the infant's care. When a client signs herself and her infant out of the hospital, she is legally responsible for her infant. The infant is the responsibility of the mother and can leave with the mother when she signs them out.

A client who has been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tells the nurse, "I have taken this as a challenge, and I will be able to fight this tough battle." This is an example of which concept of spiritual health? Multiple choice question Hope Faith Religion Connectedness

Hope Hope is a multifaceted concept that provides comfort to an individual who is suffering; this client is exhibiting hope despite a serious diagnosis. Faith is a cultural or institutional religion, as well as a relationship with a higher power. Religion is a specific system of practices associated with specific values, groups, and methods of worship. Connectedness allows an individual to move away from the stressors of daily life and discover comfort, hope, faith, peace, and liberation through relationships with a spiritual community.

While visiting the hospital, the spouse of a client slips and falls on a recently washed floor in the hallway leading to the client's room. To meet the criteria of ethical practice, what action should the nurse who witnessed the occurrence take? Multiple choice question Initiate an agency incident report. Report the fall to the state (provincial) health department. Write a brief description of the incident to be kept by the nurse manager. Determine that no documentation is needed because the visitor is not a client in the hospital.

Initiate an agency incident report. Health care agencies document the occurrence of any event out of the ordinary that results in or has the potential to harm a client, employee, or visitor. Falls by visitors are not required to be reported to state (provincial) health departments. However, incident reports are required to be presented to accrediting agencies for review when an agency is in the process of being accredited. Writing a brief description of the incident to be kept by the nurse manager is not a requirement of ethical practice. However, a nurse who is involved in an incident or is a witness to an incident should write an accurate description of the event, along with the names of individuals involved. This documentation should be kept by the nurse at home. Lawsuits may take several years before they come to trial, and personal notes may help the nurse recall the event. The documentation must accurately contain the same elements included in the formal incident report. Taking no action is irresponsible. All events out of the ordinary that result in or have the potential to harm a visitor should be documented in an agency incident report.

How would the student nurse describe a quasi-intentional tort occurring during the practice of nursing? Multiple choice question It is a willful act violating a client's rights. It is a civil wrong made against a person or property. It is an act that lacks intent but involves volitional action. It is an unintentional act that includes negligence and malpractice.

It is an act that lacks intent but involves volitional action. A quasi-intentional tort lacks intent but involves volitional actions such as invasion of privacy and defamation of character. An intentional tort is a willful act that violates another's rights. This includes assault, battery, and false imprisonment. A tort is a civil wrong made against a person or property. An unintentional tort involves negligence and malpractice.

What is the subset of clinical health care informatics? Multiple choice question Clinical informatics Nursing informatics (NI) Public health informatics Clinical research informatics

Nursing informatics (NI) NI is the subset of clinical health care informatics. NI is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. Clinical health care informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics. Public health informatics is one of the major domains of informatics that uses computer science and technology to improve public health. Clinical research informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics.

A client with diabetes mellitus experiences a sudden fall in blood glucose levels while travelling by air. The client is not carrying any medications or a copy of a personal medical record. Which type of health information technology would be beneficial for this client? Multiple choice question Personal health record (PHR) Clinical health care informatics Electronic medical record (EMR) Regional health information organization (RHIO)

Personal health record (PHR) The PHR is an electronic health record which consists of health data and the treatment provided for the client. The client can enter the data and maintain these health records. It is easy to carry and helps healthcare providers provide treatment in emergency conditions. Health care facilities maintain an EMR for each client. The client does not have access to these records in the air. Clinical health care informatics seeks to transform client health by educating and training health care professionals. It does not help to provide emergency treatment to the client while traveling. RHIO oversees the exchange of client's information among the patient's healthcare providers and across geographic areas.

A student nurse is listing the different aspects of the healthcare services pyramid. Under which type of healthcare services should the student nurse include sports medicine? Multiple choice question Primary care Tertiary care Preventive care Restorative care

Restorative care The student nurse should include sports medicine under restorative care. It is not categorized as primary, tertiary, or preventive healthcare services.

A terminally ill patient has died in the hospital and it is time to inform the patient's family members. The nurse is unsure how to console the family members. Which member of the interprofessional team is appropriate for the nurse to ask for support in informing and consoling the family? Multiple choice question Primary health care provider Pharmacist Social worker Occupational therapist

Social worker The social worker on the interprofessional team helps the family members prepare for the patient's death and also during the grief and bereavement process. Therefore, the nurse involves the social worker in consoling the family members in this situation. The primary health care provider and pharmacist may not be involved in consoling the family members after the patient's death, nor may the occupational therapist be involved at this stage.

The nursing supervisor assigns a nurse to care for five clients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The nurse notes that all the clients in the ICU are at a risk of developing serious complications at any time. What course of action should the nurse take to handle the situation? Multiple choice question Refuse to accept the assignment Leave the ICU as a sign of protest Notify the primary healthcare provider Submit a written protest to the nursing administrator

Submit a written protest to the nursing administrator If a nurse is given an assignment that appears to be unreasonable, the nurse should submit a written protest to the nursing administrator. Even though this does not relieve the nurse of responsibility, if a client is harmed due to inattention, it shifts some of the responsibility to the institution. If the nurse refuses to take up the assignment, it may be viewed as insubordination. The nurse should not leave the ICU unattended even if there is staffing shortage as he/she may be charged with client abandonment. The primary healthcare provider is the not appropriate person to be alerted regarding shortage of staffing.

A nurse is teaching staff members about the legal terminology used in child abuse. What definition of battery should the nurse include in the teaching? Multiple choice question Maligning a person's character while threatening to do bodily harm A legal wrong committed by one person against property of another The application of force to another person without lawful justification Behaving in a way that a reasonable person with the same education would not

The application of force to another person without lawful justification Battery means touching in an offensive manner or actually injuring another person. Battery refers to actual bodily harm rather than threats of physical or psychological harm. Battery refers to harm against persons, not property. Behaving in a way that a reasonable person with the same education would not is the definition of negligence.

Which organization's 2010 publication did not include a call to improve health care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) patients? Multiple choice question U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Joint Commission World Professional Association for Transgender Health

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services published Healthy People 2010, which did not include any information related to the need to improve the health care for LGBTQ people. The Institute of Medicine's (IOM) report on LGBT health, The Joint Commission field guide for care of LGBT patients, and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health standards of care all included an emphasis on the need to improve health care for LGBTQ patients.

A geriatric patient with hypertension and diabetes mellitus is taking propranolol (Inderal) and insulin (Humulin N) therapy. Which interventions by health care professionals help prevent patient medication errors according to the Leapfrog Group? Multiple choice question Scheduling regular follow-up visits Prescribing low dosage of medication Using computer physician order entry Closely monitoring the patient for 24 hours

Using computer physician order entry The Leapfrog Group suggests using computer physician order entry (CPOE) to prevent medication errors. CPOE provides immediate information to the primary healthcare providers and nurses about the medications prescribed to the patients and helps prevent drug interactions and adverse effects. Scheduling regular follow-up visits helps prevent the side effects of the medication, but not medical errors. The Leapfrog Group does not suggest the dosage guidelines for geriatrics. Therefore the Leapfrog Group does not prescribe low dosage of medication. Closely monitoring the patient for just 24 hours will not help prevent medication errors, drug interactions, and other adverse effects.

A registered nurse is educating a student nurse on the eight dimensions of patient-centered care provided by the Picker Institute. What information should the nurse provide regarding the dimension of "transition and continuity"? Multiple selection question "Clients look to care providers to share their fears and concerns." "Clients expect privacy and to have their cultural values respected." "Clients and caregivers expect access to necessary healthcare resources on a continuing basis." "Clients expect to have their continuing healthcare needs met after discharge with well-coordinated services." "Clients require information about medications, physical limitations, follow-up plans regarding diet and treatment, and danger signals to look for after treatment."

"Clients and caregivers expect access to necessary healthcare resources on a continuing basis." "Clients expect to have their continuing healthcare needs met after discharge with well-coordinated services." "Clients require information about medications, physical limitations, follow-up plans regarding diet and treatment, and danger signals to look for after treatment." According to Picker Institute's dimensions of patient-centered care, the dimension of transition and continuity includes three factors. Clients and their caregivers expect to have access to all necessary healthcare resources on a continuing basis. The healthcare needs of the clients are expected to be fulfilled with well-coordinated services even after discharge from the healthcare facility. After treatment or hospitalization, clients require extensive information regarding medications, physical limitations, follow-up plans regarding diet and treatment, and danger signals to be monitored. According to the dimension of "emotional support and relief of fear and anxiety," clients often turn to care providers for sharing their fears and concerns. The dimension of "physical comfort" involves providing privacy and respecting the cultural values of clients.

A nurse understands that the effects of different variables on client's health beliefs and practices can help healthcare providers to plan and deliver individualized care. Which statement made by the client is a socioeconomic influence on the client's health beliefs? Multiple choice question "I am a vegetarian; I cannot eat meat because it is against my tradition." "I cannot afford expensive medications because I have to take care of my family." "My family members always pray before a meal because it is important to thank God." "I believe that giving vaccinations to infants is sinful."

"I cannot afford expensive medications because I have to take care of my family." When a client states that he or she cannot afford expensive medications because he/she has to take care of a big family, this statement is an example of a socioeconomic influence on health beliefs. When a client says that he or she is a vegetarian and cannot eat meat because of this tradition, this statement is an example of the influence of cultural background on health beliefs. When a client says that his or her family members always pray before a meal, this statement is an example of the influence of family practices. When a client says that he or she believes that infant vaccinations are sinful, this statement is an example of spiritual factors influencing health beliefs and practices.

During an assessment which client statement may indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing spiritual distress? Multiple choice question "I want to find out whether any divine force truly exists in this world." "I am sure that God is with me; otherwise I could have suffered a lot more." "I deserve a better life than this. I don't understand why God decided to make me ill." "I wish I didn't need help with daily activities, but I am grateful the universe gave me a strong support system."

"I deserve a better life than this. I don't understand why God decided to make me ill." Spiritual distress is a disturbance in a client's belief system which can cause a loss of faith and an inability to experience and integrate life's meaning and purpose. The client expressing anger at God for causing his or her illness is questioning his or her spirituality, which indicates he or she is in spiritual distress. The client searching for a divine existence, the client who expresses faith that God is with him or her, and the client who is grateful for his or her support system are showing signs of positive spiritual health.

A nurse caring for a client tries to prioritize nursing actions on the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which statement of the client would the nurse pay attention to last? Multiple choice question "I feel that I have failed to be a worthy child of my parents." "My aim is to be a famous writer, and I will do anything to achieve my dream." "I do not like to speak to the people in my neighborhood as they are all snobs." "My house is being reconstructed, and chunks of the ceiling are quite often falling off."

"My aim is to be a famous writer, and I will do anything to achieve my dream." According to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, higher level needs should be addressed after fulfilling all the basic level needs of the client. The client displays the need for self-actualization by conveying to the nurse that he/she intends to do anything in order to become a writer. Self-actualization is the highest level of need, therefore, it should be addressed last. Since the client feels worthless, he/she shows a lack of self-esteem. Self-esteem needs should be addressed before self-actualization needs. The client in the given situation shows a lack of social interaction. Love and belonging needs should be met before addressing higher level needs such as self-esteem need and self-actualization need. In the given situation, the client lacks physical safety as he/she may be hurt by the chunks of the ceiling falling off. Therefore, the need for safety and security should be addressed by the nurse first before turning to the other needs.

A nursing student is listing the steps to be followed when communicating with older adults with hearing problems. Which step listed by the nursing student indicates a need for additional training? Multiple choice question "Refrain from speaking extremely slowly." "Speak clearly by exaggerating his or her lip movements." "Allow the client to ask questions when necessary." "Ensure that the client knows that the nurse is talking."

"Speak clearly by exaggerating his or her lip movements." The nurse should not speak by exaggerating his or her lip movements when communicating with older adults with hearing problems. The nurse should speak clearly to facilitate understanding. The nurse should speak slowly but not extremely slowly. When communicating with the client, the nurse should allow the client to ask questions when necessary to facilitate better understanding. The nurse should ensure that the client knows that the nurse is speaking to facilitate good communication.

A nursing student is listing the steps that need to be followed to provide competent care for vulnerable populations. Which point listed by the nursing student is accurate? Multiple choice question "Refrain from giving priority to cultural practices and values of the vulnerable populations." "Provide financial and legal advice to the vulnerable people as this may be more important to them." "Evaluate client's beliefs and values about health in terms of the nurse's own culture, beliefs, and values." "Understand the client's cultural beliefs, values, and practices to determine their specific needs and interventions."

"Understand the client's cultural beliefs, values, and practices to determine their specific needs and interventions." The nurse should understand the client's cultural beliefs, values, and practices to determine their specific needs and interventions to provide competent care for vulnerable populations. The nurse should learn about the culture of the clients to understand cultural practices and values that influence their health care practices. The nurse should not provide financial and legal advice to the clients as clients should be connected with someone qualified to help them. The nurse should refrain from evaluating client's beliefs and values about health in terms of the nurse's own culture, beliefs, and values to provide competent care to vulnerable populations.

A nurse is informing a client about the benefits of rehabilitation. What information should the nurse provide? Multiple selection question "Specialized rehabilitation services help clients and caregivers to adjust to lifestyle changes." "Rehabilitation helps prevent complications associated with illness or injury at the initial stages." "Rehabilitation helps clients attain their fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic potential." "Rehabilitation programs are used solely to help clients become free from drug dependence." "Rehabilitation focuses on maximizing a client's functioning and level of independence at the initial stages."

-"Specialized rehabilitation services help clients and caregivers to adjust to lifestyle changes." -"Rehabilitation helps prevent complications associated with illness or injury at the initial stages." -"Rehabilitation helps clients attain their fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic potential." Specialized rehabilitation services, such as cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, and mental health rehabilitation programs, enable clients and their caregivers to adjust to lifestyle changes and help them function with the limitations of their illness. At the initial stages, rehabilitation aims to prevent complications associated with the illness or injury. Rehabilitation enables clients to reach their highest physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic potential possible. Drug rehabilitation is only one type of rehabilitation program. Clients may require rehabilitation after a physical or mental illness, injury, or chemical addiction. When the client's condition stabilizes, rehabilitation helps to maximize his or her functioning and level of independence.

A nurse is examining different scenarios related to defamation of character. Which scenarios are examples of slander? Multiple selection question A nurse gives detailed information about the progress of an illness to a client's employer. A nurse informs the primary healthcare provider falsely that a client shows signs of drug abuse. A nurse notes that a client has contracted syphilis even though the client does not have the infection. A nurse informs the client's caregivers that the client is aggressive, even though there is no evidence. A nurse warns a colleague that a client displays inappropriate sexual behavior when no such event happened.

-A nurse informs the primary healthcare provider falsely that a client shows signs of drug abuse. -A nurse informs the client's caregivers that the client is aggressive, even though there is no evidence. -A nurse warns a colleague that a client displays inappropriate sexual behavior when no such event happened. Defamation of character damages the reputation of a person through false information. Slander occurs if a person speaks falsely about another. If the nurse falsely states that a client is a drug abuser, this statement may damage the client's reputation, and the nurse in the situation may be held liable for slander. Falsely informing the caregivers that a client is aggressive may have a negative impact, and the nurse is liable for slander. A nurse who tells his or her colleague that a client is displaying sexually inappropriate behavior when this information is false is also liable for slander. The nurse should not divulge a client's medical information to unauthorized personnel because this action is an invasion of privacy. Written defamation of character is known as libel. A nurse who enters false information in the client's medical records is guilty of libel.

The nurse administrator is assessing the quality of health care provided by the nursing team in a health care center using the Donabedian model of care quality. What components should the nurse assess while evaluating the "process" of the health care delivery system? Multiple selection question Whether the nurses renew their licenses regularly Whether the nurses work in coordination with each other Whether the nurses are providing adequate patient education Whether the facilities are adequate to fulfill the patient's health care needs Whether the patients are satisfied with the care provided by the nurses

-Whether the nurses work in coordination with each other -Whether the nurses are providing adequate patient education The "process" of health care system according to the Donabedian model of health care quality includes the services offered by the health care system. It also includes the interpersonal relationships between the health care professionals and the adequacy of patient education. Therefore while assessing the process of the health care team, the nurse administrator should find out whether the nurses are working in coordination with one another. The administrator should also ensure that the nurses are able to impart adequate health information to the patients. The nurse should assess the licenses of the nurses while assessing the structure of the health care system. The administrator should assess the adequacy of the health care facilities while assessing the structure of the health care system. Patient satisfaction is assessed while assessing the outcomes of the health care system.

A nurse who promotes freedom of choice for clients in decision-making best supports which principle? Multiple choice question Justice Autonomy Beneficence Paternalism

Autonomy The principle of autonomy relates to the freedom of a person to form his or her own judgments and actions. The nurse promotes autonomy nonjudgmentally so as not to infringe on the decisions or actions of others. Justice means to be righteous, equitable, and to act or treat fairly. Beneficence relates to the state or act of doing good and being kind and charitable. It also includes promotion of well-being and abstaining from injuring others. Paternalism encompasses the practice of governing people in a fatherly manner, especially by providing for their needs without infringing on their rights or responsibilities.

The nurse needs to collect health care data for all employees at a multi-specialty hospital for research purposes. Which type of health information technology would the nurse access to obtain the needed information? Multiple choice question Electronic health record (EHR) Electronic medical record (EMR) Clinical information systems (CIS) Regional Health Information Organization health record (RHIO)

Electronic health record (EHR) Electronic health records are the official health records of an individual, which can be exchanged between facilities and health care agencies. Electronic medical records are primarily prepared and maintained within a healthcare provider's facility; they are not shared between facilities. Clinical information systems consist of the information technology that provides the best tools for achieving quality outcomes for clients. The RHIO health record is an individual health record which can be exchanged among providers across geographic areas.

A nurse fails to act in a reasonable, prudent manner. Which legal principle is most likely to be applied? Multiple choice question Malice Tort law Malpractice Case law

Malpractice Malpractice is the unskilled or faulty treatment by a professional that causes injury or harm to a client. It can result from a lack of professional knowledge or skill that can be expected in others in the profession, or from a failure to exercise reasonable care or judgment in the application of professional knowledge, experience, or skill. Malice is the desire or intent to inflict injury, harm, or suffering. Tort law is a wrongful act, not including a breach of contract of trust, that results in injury to another person and for which the injured person is entitled to compensation. Case law is law established by judicial decisions in particular cases instead of by legislative action.

A client with a mental illness in the emergency unit needs to undergo an emergency surgery. What would be the nurse's first course of action to prevent any legal complications? Multiple choice question Wait for a court order to intervene on the client's behalf. Obtain consent from a person legally authorized to give it on the client's behalf, if available. Obtain a court order to state that the client is incompetent to decide for himself or herself. Request that the primary healthcare provider start the procedure without the client's consent.

Obtain consent from a person legally authorized to give it on the client's behalf, if available. The nurse should ideally try to obtain consent from a person legally authorized to give it on the client's behalf in case of an emergency situation. Clients with mental illnesses have the right to refuse treatment until a court has legally determined that they are incompetent to decide for themselves. However, in case of emergency situations, healthcare providers should not wait for a court order. In case healthcare providers are unable to obtain consent, the primary healthcare provider can start with the procedure to save the client's life. In such circumstances the law accepts that the client would wish to be treated.

What is the role of a nurse administrator in a healthcare setting? Multiple choice question Providing surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist Preparing the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development Providing comprehensive care by directly managing the medical care of clients who are healthy or who have chronic conditions Providing knowledge about current nursing practices, trends, theories, and necessary skills in laboratories and clinical settings

Preparing the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development A nurse administrator's function is to prepare the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development. A certified registered nurse anesthetist provides surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist. The nurse practitioner provides comprehensive care and directly manages the medical care of clients who are healthy or have chronic conditions. Nurse educators provide knowledge about current nursing practices, trends, theories, and necessary skills in laboratories and clinical settings.

A nurse advises a client to refrain from adding salt to food as a way to prevent high blood pressure. What kind of health care service is this? Multiple choice question Tertiary care Primary care Preventive care Restorative care

Primary care When a nurse provides nutrition counseling to the client, it qualifies as primary care. In the given scenario, the nurse advises the client to refrain from adding salt in the diet in order to prevent high blood pressure. Tertiary care includes intensive care and subacute care. Preventive care includes blood pressure and cancer screenings, immunizations, mental health counseling and crisis prevention and community legislation. Restorative care includes cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation, sports medicine, spinal cord injury programs, and home care.

A nursing student is noting information about the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI). Which point noted by the nursing student needs correction? Multiple choice question The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) was developed by the American Nurses Association (ANA). The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) reports quarterly results on nursing outcomes at the nursing unit level. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) reports provide a database for individual hospitals to compare their performance against nursing performance internationally. The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) was developed to measure and evaluate nursing-sensitive outcomes with the purpose of improving client safety and quality care.

The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) reports provide a database for individual hospitals to compare their performance against nursing performance internationally. National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) reports provide a database for individual hospitals to compare their performance against nursing performance nationally. The American Nurses Association (ANA) developed NDNQI with the aim of bringing about quality improvement in client care. NDNQI reports quarterly results on nursing outcomes at the nursing unit level. NDNQI is used to measure and evaluate nursing-sensitive outcomes. This evaluation helps to improve client safety and quality care.

A nursing student is listing the primary characteristics that establish nursing as a profession. Which statement made by the student needs correction? Multiple choice question "Nursing has a code of ethics for practice." "Nursing has a theoretical body of knowledge." "Nurses are simply required to perform specific tasks." "Nurses have autonomy in decision-making and practice."

"Nurses are simply required to perform specific tasks." Nurses are not merely required to perform specific tasks for which they have been trained. Nursing is a profession and, therefore nurses should provide quality client-centered care in a safe, conscientious, and knowledgeable manner. The profession as a whole is required to have a code of ethics for practice. Nursing, as a profession, has a theoretical body of knowledge that helps in developing defined skills, abilities, and norms. As the members of a profession, nurses are required to have autonomy in decision-making and practice.

A nurse is trying to bring about a change in the wellness behavior of an obese client. The nurse provides a chart depicting a proper diet and enumerates the benefits of good eating habits. What response might the nurse expect from the client if the client is in the preparation stage? Multiple choice question "I'm perfectly happy and confident about my body and my health." "I can't quit eating junk food twice a week, even with this diet plan." "Please tell me how to stay successful with this diet with my hectic career." A nurse is trying to bring about a change in the wellness behavior of an obese client. The nurse provides a chart depicting a proper diet and enumerates the benefits of good eating habits. What response might the nurse expect from the client if the client is in the preparation stage? Multiple choice question "I'm perfectly happy and confident about my body and my health." "I can't quit eating junk food twice a week, even with this diet plan." "Please tell me how to stay successful with this diet with my hectic career." "Please help me come up with a realistic strategy for sticking to this diet plan."

"Please help me come up with a realistic strategy for sticking to this diet plan." A client in the preparation stage of health behavior change believes that the benefits of behavior change should be taken into consideration. The client may require help in planning to bring about the desired change in health behavior. A client in the precontemplation stage will not show any interest in the information provided by the nurse and might even become defensive. A client in the action stage might find old habits a hindrance when trying to engage in new behaviors. A client who has reached the maintenance stage might require the nurse's assistance in integrating changes into the lifestyle.

A nursing student is listing the points that need to be remembered regarding the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) program. Which point listed by the nursing student is accurate? Multiple choice question "The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) has a contract with the federal government." "The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) protects the donor's estate from liability for injury or damage." "The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) gives priority to international clients who need organs on an urgent basis." "The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) provides civil and criminal immunity to the hospital and the primary healthcare provider."

"The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) has a contract with the federal government." The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) has a contract with the federal government. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 protects the donor's estate from liability for injury or damage. The United Network for Organ Sharing gives priority to clients in their geographical area who need organs on an urgent basis. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 provides civil and criminal immunity to the hospital and the healthcare provider.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about the stages of changes in a client's health behavior. Which statement describes the stage of contemplation? Multiple choice question "The client considers a change within the next 6 months." "The client does not intend to make changes within the next 6 months." "The client is actively engaged in strategies to change behavior; this lasts up to 6 months." "The client displays sustained change over time; this begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely."

"The client considers a change within the next 6 months." In the contemplation stage, the client considers a change within the next 6 months. In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to make changes within the next 6 months. In the action stage, the client is actively engaged in strategies to change behavior. This stage lasts up to 6 months. When sustained change is noticed over time and begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely, the client has reached the maintenance stage.

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the importance of values in nursing practice. Which information provided by the registered nurse is appropriate? Multiple selection question "People may consider strong values as opinions." "Evaluate a client's values and beliefs in terms of your own values." "Values vary among clients and develop and change over time." "The values that an individual holds reflect cultural and social influences." "To discuss differences in opinions and values, the nurse should be clear about his or her own values."

"Values vary among clients and develop and change over time." "The values that an individual holds reflect cultural and social influences." "To discuss differences in opinions and values, the nurse should be clear about his or her own values." The nurse should know that values vary among people and develop and change over time. The nurse should know that the values an individual hold reflect cultural and social influences. The nurse should know that it is important to be clear about one's own values before discussing the differences of opinions and values. People consider strong values as facts rather than opinions. The nurse should never evaluate the client's values and beliefs in terms of his or her own values and beliefs.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a poor understanding of weight reduction strategies. The nurse instructs the client to follow a healthy diet regularly because crash dieting can lead to serious health issues. Which of these reactions might the nurse expect if the client is in the precontemplation stage? Multiple selection question "Please tell me how to lose weight by eating a normal diet." "As far as I know, having a thin body means that I'm healthy." "Who says that I don't eat properly? I'm just skipping my breakfast." "I'm trying really hard to stick to the diet chart, but sometimes I skip breakfast." "I don't care about following the diet plan; I just want to lose weight as soon as possible."

- "As far as I know, having a thin body means that I'm healthy." "Who says that I don't eat properly? I'm just skipping my breakfast." -"I don't care about following the diet plan; I just want to lose weight as soon as possible." In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to make changes in the next 6 months and may become defensive when confronted with information on the benefits of changing habits. The client who believes that having a thin body indicates good health, saying that she skips breakfast to lose weight, and saying that she just wants to lose weight and is not concerned with following the diet chart indicate that the client is in the precontemplation stage. Saying that she wants to learn how to lose weight by eating a normal diet is a sign that the client is in the preparation stage. Saying that she tries to abide by the diet chart but sometimes skips breakfast is a sign that the client is in the action stage.

What does "access to care" include according to the Picker Institute's eight dimensions of patient-centered care? Multiple selection question "Clients often need help to complete activities of daily living (ADL)." "Clients expect privacy and to have their cultural values respected." "Clients want to be able to see a specialist when a referral is made." "Clients want to schedule appointments at convenient times without trouble." "Clients need to be able to find conveyance when travelling to different healthcare settings."

-"Clients want to be able to see a specialist when a referral is made." -"Clients want to schedule appointments at convenient times without trouble." -"Clients need to be able to find conveyance when travelling to different healthcare settings." According to the Picker Institute's eight dimensions of patient-centered care, " access to care" includes several features. Clients want to be able to see a professional when a referral is made. Clients want to schedule appointments at convenient times without trouble. Clients need to be able to find conveyance when travelling to different healthcare settings. According to the Picker Institute's eight dimensions of patient-centered care, "physical comfort" includes aspects such as clients requiring help to complete activities of daily living (ADL) and clients expecting privacy and respect towards their cultural values.

A nurse instructs a client who avoids bathing to take a bath or shower each day as a means of maintaining hygiene and preventing infection. Which of these reactions should the nurse expect if the client is in the action stage? Multiple selection question "I only take a bath once a week, but I don't see any infections on my skin." "I try to take a shower every day, but I skip it sometimes because of my tight work schedule." "I understand that bathing regularly is a good habit, but my bathroom is very cold in the mornings." "Please tell me how to get into the habit of taking a bath daily so I can keep myself clean and healthy." "I want to take a bath regularly, but I don't have time because I need to look after my kids and my parents."

-"I try to take a shower every day, but I skip it sometimes because of my tight work schedule." -"I understand that bathing regularly is a good habit, but my bathroom is very cold in the mornings." -"I want to take a bath regularly, but I don't have time because I need to look after my kids and my parents." In the action stage, the client notices that old habits are hindering him or her from engaging in new behaviors. In this scenario, the client says that he or she tries to take a daily shower but skips it sometimes because of a tight work schedule. In the second scenario, the client says that he or she understands the importance of taking baths but the bathroom is very cold. In another scenario, the client says that he or she wants to take baths but has to look after the family and doesn't have time. All these scenarios indicate that the client is in the action stage. Saying that he or she only takes one bath a week but doesn't see any skin infections indicates that the patient is in the precontemplation stage. Saying that he or she wants to know how to get into the habit of taking regular baths indicates that the client is in the preparation stage.

A registered nurse is informing a nursing student that nurses play an important role in helping hospitals to meet requirements for quality, efficiency, and client satisfaction. Which points mentioned by the registered nurse are accurate? Multiple selection question "Pay for performance programs promote quality, effectiveness, and safe client care." "Six Sigma is used to analyze the collected data and to identify unnecessary steps in the processes." "Balanced scorecards are used to report data on the key performance indicators and are published publicly." "Organizations are using outcomes like employees' satisfaction to redesign how they manage and deliver care in hopes of improving quality in the long term." "The Picker Institute focuses on improvement of processes to determine if current or recommended steps add value and reduce the health care organization's time, costs, and resources."

-"Pay for performance programs promote quality, effectiveness, and safe client care." -"Six Sigma is used to analyze the collected data and to identify unnecessary steps in the processes." -"Balanced scorecards are used to report data on the key performance indicators and are published publicly." Pay for performance programs promote quality, effectiveness, and safe client care. These programs are quality improvement strategies that reward excellence through financial incentives to motivate change to achieve measurable improvements. Strategies like Six Sigma are used to analyze the collected data and to identify the unnecessary steps in the process. This helps in eliminating unnecessary, nonvalue-added costly steps to reduce waste. Organizations are using outcomes like client satisfaction to redesign how they manage and deliver care in hopes of improving quality in the long term. Lean Six Sigma and value stream analysis focuses on improvement of processes to determine if the step adds value and reduces the health care organization's time, costs, and resources.

A nursing student is listing the characteristics of the maintenance stage of health behavior change. Which points mentioned by the nursing student are accurate? Multiple selection question "The client can sustain health behavior changes over time." "The client feels the need to integrate the changes into his or her lifestyle." "The client begins to develop a belief in the value of health behavior change." "Old habits pose difficulties for the client engaging in new behaviors to improve health." "The client reaches this stage 6 months after engaging in action and continues with the changes indefinitely."

-"The client can sustain health behavior changes over time." -"The client feels the need to integrate the changes into his or her lifestyle." -"The client reaches this stage 6 months after engaging in action and continues with the changes indefinitely." A client in the maintenance stage is able to sustain changes in health behavior. The client integrates changes in health behavior into his or her lifestyle. This stage begins 6 months after the client takes action and continues indefinitely. In the contemplation stage, the client begins to develop a belief in the value of health behavior change. In the action stage, the client finds that old habits get in the way of new health behaviors.

A nurse is evaluating different situations that constitute acts of assault and battery. Which situations would the nurse consider to be instances of battery? Multiple selection question A nurse threatens to restrain a client who refuses to consent to having a bath. A nurse force feeds a client who refuses to eat by opening his mouth. A nurse pats an aggressive client to calm him or her down without waiting for the client's consent. A nurse administers an intramuscular injection to a client before obtaining consent for the injection. A nurse locks a client in a private room to prevent him or her from going to the cafeteria without obtaining consent.

-A nurse force feeds a client who refuses to eat by opening his mouth. -A nurse pats an aggressive client to calm him or her down without waiting for the client's consent. -A nurse administers an intramuscular injection to a client before obtaining consent for the injection. Any action that involves intentional touching without consent is considered to be battery. Opening up the client's jaws to force feed him or her is battery. Patting the client to soothe him or her is also considered battery if the client does not consent to being touched by the nurse. If the nurse administers an intramuscular injection before obtaining consent, this action is also considered battery. Threatening to restrain a client who refuses to have a bath is an example of assault. Locking a client in a room without obtaining consent is an example of false imprisonment.

A nurse notes that a client with dementia refuses to eat. Instead of informing the primary healthcare provider, the nurse threatens to force-feed the client, and proceeds to apply restraints in order to do so. What legal charges may be brought up against the nurse? Multiple selection question Libel Assault Malpractice Invasion of privacy False imprisonment

-Assault -Malpractice -False imprisonment In the given situation, the nurse threatens to force-feed the client, which is an example of assault. If the nurse fails to inform the primary healthcare provider regarding the problem faced when feeding the client, the nurse may be charged with malpractice for this action. Applying restraints to a client without the orders of the primary healthcare provider is considered false imprisonment.

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis of the knee has undergone knee replacement surgery. What actions by the nurse and other members of the health care team help to provide efficient patient care? Multiple selection question Provide financial assistance to the patient. Follow interventions to reduce hospital stay. Encourage the patient to use herbal therapy. Provide cost-effective treatment to the patient. Help the patient in making health care decisions.

-Follow interventions to reduce hospital stay. -Provide cost-effective treatment to the patient. Health care professionals should measure and grade the quality of care and treatment that they provide to the patient. This helps improve their services and provide best care to the patient. If health care professionals follow interventions to reduce hospital stay and provide cost-effective treatment, they deliver efficient care to the patients. Health care professionals need not provide financial assistance to the patient; rather, they can try to provide cost-effective care. Health care professionals should not help the patient in making decisions because that reduces the patient's self-esteem and decision-making ability. Health care professionals should not encourage the patient to use herbal therapy because it is not clinically tested and may cause adverse effects in the patient.

What information should the registered nurse provide when educating a nursing student about living wills? Multiple selection question Health care workers should always follow the directions of a client's living will. Living wills provide clinically specific instructions that help in dealing with unforeseen circumstances. Clients use living wills to declare any medical procedures they want or do not want when terminally ill. Living wills are written documents that direct the client's treatments in the event of a terminal illness or condition. Living wills allow authorized individuals to make medical decisions on behalf of the client if he or she is unable to do so.

-Health care workers should always follow the directions of a client's living will. -Clients use living wills to declare any medical procedures they want or do not want when terminally ill. -Living wills are written documents that direct the client's treatments in the event of a terminal illness or condition. Health care workers should follow the directions delineated by living wills because doing so protects these workers from liability. Clients declare what medical procedures they want or do not want done when they are terminally ill or in a vegetative state through living wills. A living will is a written document that directs the treatment of clients in the event of a terminal illness or condition. The directions are given according to the wishes of the client. Living wills are difficult to interpret. They are not clinically specific about the method of dealing with unforeseen circumstances. A durable power of attorney authorizes individuals to make medical decisions on behalf of the client if he or she is unable to do so.

Which statements are appropriate for a nursing instructor to include when teaching a group of students about high-quality health care? Multiple selection question High-quality health care is expensive. High-quality health care is competent. High-quality health care meets the patient's needs. High-quality health care meets an established care standard. High-quality health care involves the minimal use of hospital resources.

-High-quality health care is competent. -High-quality health care meets the patient's needs. -High-quality health care meets an established care standard. High-quality health care has different perspective for different people on the health care team. High-quality health care is competent enough to reach the desired patient goals. The objective of high-quality health care is to meet the patient's goals and, in meeting them, to maintain an established standard of care. High-quality health care is not expensive; it is cost-effective and involves the optimal use of hospital resources.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is terminally ill with cancer. The health care team meets and agrees to provide the patient with information to help the patient make decisions regarding treatment. Which ethical principles are applied in this situation? Multiple selection question Justice Fidelity Veracity Autonomy Beneficence

-Justice -Fidelity -Veracity -Autonomy The nurse follows the principle of veracity by telling the truth to the patient regarding his or her health status. Telling the truth helps the patient in decision-making, which is in accordance with the principle of autonomy. Justice is an ethical principle that involves treating a patient fairly without discrimination. Fidelity involves being loyal to the patient. Beneficence involves acting in a way that causes the least harm to the patient, and this principle does not apply because the team is not providing any care or making any health care decisions at this point.

A nurse caring for a client prioritizes nursing actions on the basis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which activities should the nurse perform to meet the client's safety and security needs? Multiple selection question Providing a cold bath to reduce the client's body temperature Positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure to decrease the risk of falls Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents Collaborating with family members to provide emotional support for the client post-surgery

-Positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up -Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure to decrease the risk of falls -Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents As per Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to meet the safety and security needs of the client, the nurse should position the bed in a low position and keep the side rails up to provide physical safety for the client. Monitoring vital signs, including blood pressure to prevent risk for falls is an example of a nursing activity that meets the client's safety and security needs. Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents is an example of a nursing activity that meets the client's safety and security needs. Providing a cold bath to the client to reduce body temperature is an example of a nursing activity that meets the client's physiological needs. Collaborating with family members to provide emotional support to the client post-surgery is an example of a nursing activity that meets the client's love and belonging needs.

A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about the characteristics of various healthcare plans. Which statements about preferred provider organizations (PPOs) by the nursing student need correction? Multiple selection question Preferred provider organizations are focused on health maintenance. Preferred provider organizations reimburse nursing home payments. Preferred provider organizations cover children who are not poor enough for Medicaid. Preferred provider organizations have deductibles that clients must meet before the insurance pays. In a preferred provider organization, a contractual agreement exists between a set of providers and one or more purchasers.

-Preferred provider organizations reimburse nursing home payments. -Preferred provider organizations cover children who are not poor enough for Medicaid. -Preferred provider organizations have deductibles that clients must meet before the insurance pays. The Medicare healthcare plan reimburses nursing home funding. The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) covers children who are not poor enough for Medicaid. Private insurance may have deductibles that clients must meet before the insurance pays. A preferred provider organization is focused on health maintenance. Preferred provider organizations involve a contractual agreement between a set of providers and one or more purchasers.

A nurse notes that a client is in the precontemplation stage of wellness behavior change. What are the characteristics of this stage? Multiple selection question The client has no intention of making any changes in the next 6 months. The client will consider a change in health behavior in the next 6 months. The client does not show interest in information related to health behavior changes. The client understands that the advantages of health behavior change outweigh the disadvantages. The client becomes defensive when confronted with information regarding his or her current health behavior.

-The client has no intention of making any changes in the next 6 months. -The client does not show interest in information related to health behavior changes. -The client becomes defensive when confronted with information regarding his or her current health behavior.

What points should a nurse keep in mind when caring for a client who belongs to a different culture? Multiple selection question The nurse should be aware of his or her own cultural values and behavior patterns. The nurse should focus on understanding the client's traditions, values, and beliefs. The nurse should understand that unique cultural perceptions exist regarding health practices. The nurse should know that every client strictly adheres to his or her cultural beliefs and traditions. The nurse should know that a client's cultural background does not influence the nurse-client relationship.

-The nurse should be aware of his or her own cultural values and behavior patterns. -The nurse should focus on understanding the client's traditions, values, and beliefs. -The nurse should understand that unique cultural perceptions exist regarding health practices. Nurses should be aware of their own cultural values and behavior patterns. This awareness enables them to understand a client's values and beliefs. Nurses should focus on understanding the client's traditions, values, and beliefs and the manner in which these aspects influence his or her health, wellness, and illness. When educating clients about their health issues and treatment plans, nurses should understand that unique perceptions exist about the cause of an illness and its treatment. A nurse should never stereotype clients on the basis of their cultural background and assume that they strictly adhere to cultural traditions and practices. A nurse should understand that the cultural background of a client also influences the nurse-client relationship.

A group of nurses is preparing strategies to improve the quality of health care provided by the nursing team in the hospital. Which points should the nurse consider while preparing the strategies? Multiple selection question The nurse should determine the root causes of the adverse events. The nurses should focus chiefly on the process of the care delivery system. The nurses should ensure that all adverse events are well documented. The nurses should be prepared to deal with events that may cause harm to a patient. The nurses should use failure mode effective analysis to assess the root cause of a sentinel event.

-The nurse should determine the root causes of the adverse events. -The nurses should ensure that all adverse events are well documented. -The nurses should be prepared to deal with events that may cause harm to a patient. To improve the quality of care delivery, the nurses should be proactive and prepared to deal with any event before it occurs and harms the patient. For improving quality, the nurses should first find out the root cause of the adverse events to prevent them from recurring. Preventing the adverse events would only be possible if these events occurring in the hospital are identified. For this, it is very important that the adverse events are documented properly. To improve health care quality, the nurses should focus on both the process and outcome of the health care delivery system. The root cause analysis tool is used to assess the cause of sentinel events.

What important step should the community nurse take when dealing with older adults with a confusional states problem? Multiple selection question The nurse should provide a protective environment. The nurse should monitor blood pressure and weight. The nurse should recommend applicable community resources. The nurse should demonstrate proper hygiene to the primary caretaker. The nurse should educate about polypharmacy and drug-drug and drug-food interactions.

-The nurse should provide a protective environment. -The nurse should recommend applicable community resources. -The nurse should educate about polypharmacy and drug-drug and drug-food interactions. When dealing with older adults with a confusional states problem, the nurse should ideally provide a protective environment for the client. In addition, the nurse should recommend applicable community resources like adult day care, home care aides, and homemaker services. When dealing with community-dwelling older adults with a confusional states problem, the nurse should assist with adequate personal hygiene, nutrition, and hydration. When dealing with the community-dwelling older adults with a hypertension problem, the nurse should monitor blood pressure and weight. When dealing with the community-dwelling older adults with a medication use and abuse problem, the nurse should educate about polypharmacy and drug-drug and drug-food interactions.

A nurse prioritizes client care using Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which situation should the nurse address first according to Maslow's hierarchy? Multiple choice question A client has a history of getting injured due to sudden falls. A client complains of sleeplessness due to pain post-surgery. A client complains that he/she feels lonely and socially isolated from others. A client conveys to the nurse that he/she wants to become the manager of the company.

A client complains of sleeplessness due to pain post-surgery. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse should address the physiological needs of the client first. In the given scenarios, the nurse should ideally attend to the client who complains of sleeplessness due to pain post-surgery on priority basis. Then, the nurse should attend to the client who has a history of getting injured due to sudden falls as it comes under safety and security needs. After this, the nurse should attend to the client who complains that he/she feels lonely and socially isolated from others as this falls under self-esteem needs. When a client conveys to the nurse that he/she wants to become the manager of the company, the nurse understands this to be a self-actualization need. This is the highest level need and therefore should be addressed last.

A nurse is prioritizing client-care by using Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which situation should the nurse address to meet the self-actualization needs of the client? Multiple choice question A client says, "I want to be a world class athlete." A client says, "I do not want to go home because no one there cares." A client says, "I am not feeling good. Can you please check if I have fever?" A client says, "Whatever I do for my family or for my loved ones does not actually help them."

A client says, "I want to be a world class athlete." According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the desire to reach one's full potential. In the given scenario, the nurse should address the client who wants to be a world class athlete to address self-actualization needs. When a client says that he/she does not want to go back home as there is no one there that cares, this comes under love and belonging needs. When a client says that he/she is feeling feverish, this comes under physiological needs, which address the basic requirements of an individual. When a client says that whatever he/she does for his/her family and loved ones do not actually help them, it is an example of low self-esteem. Here, the nurse should address the self-esteem needs of the client.

A nursing student is evaluating different scenarios that are examples of following the basic health care principles. Which scenario is an example of following the principle of justice? Multiple choice question A nurse obtains written consent from a client to let the surgeon perform an open-heart surgery. A nurse manager encourages the nurses to discuss their mistakes in order to improve the quality of care. A nurse determines the pros and cons of providing a backrub to a client with a spine injury in order to relieve pain. A nurse observes that a client is in need of spiritual help and therefore requests the services of the hospital chaplain.

A nurse manager encourages the nurses to discuss their mistakes in order to improve the quality of care. Just culture is an aspect of the principle of justice. Encouraging discussion of mistakes or near mistakes without the fear of recrimination helps in fostering a just culture. The principle of autonomy refers to the commitment to include clients in the decision-making process. Obtaining the client's consent before performing a vital surgery shows a respect for the client's autonomy. The principle of nonmaleficence states that the nurse should do no harm. As such, the nurse should weigh the benefits of a treatment against its adverse effects, as when determining whether a backrub will be the best pain-relief measure for a client with a spine injury. The principle of fidelity requires the nurse to keep health care promises made to the client. Since the client is in spiritual distress, the nurse summons the hospital chaplain to provide spiritual help.

A registered nurse is explaining healthcare settings and services to a nursing student. Which scenario mentioned by the registered nurse is considered secondary acute care? Multiple choice question A nurse prepares a client who has suffered from repeated cerebral attacks for a CT scan. A nurse is performing physical examinations and monitoring fetal movement in a pregnant woman. A nurse is teaching family members about the importance of being vaccinated and the risks associated with a lack of vaccinations. A nurse is checking a client's heart rate and blood pressure before administering entacapone and isoproterenol concurrently.

A nurse prepares a client who has suffered from repeated cerebral attacks for a CT scan. Secondary acute care includes emergency care, acute medical-surgical care, and radiological procedures for acute problems. Preparing a client for a CT scan after repeated cerebral attacks qualifies as secondary acute care. Caring for a pregnant woman by performing physical examinations and monitoring fetal movement is considered primary care (health promotion). Teaching family members about the importance of being vaccinated and the risks of missing vaccinations are examples of preventive care. Checking the client's heart rate and blood pressure before administering medication is an example of preventive care.

The quality analysis team has implemented the root cause analysis (RCA) tool in the hospital. The nurse recognizes that the tool will be useful in which case? Multiple choice question A patient died after end-stage lung cancer. A patient died due to nosocomial infection. A patient was rescued while falling from the bed. A patient developed skin rashes after receiving medication.

A patient died due to nosocomial infection. The root cause analysis tool is used when a medical error resulted in death or serious harm to the patient. Nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections usually occur due to the failure to maintain asepsis while providing care to the patient. Therefore the RCA tool would be used to analyze the cause in this case. Death is an expected and normal consequence of end-stage lung cancer. This tool would not be used to assess the cause of death for this patient. The patient was rescued while falling off the bed. This is an instance of a near-miss event, which was not analyzed using the RCA tool. Skin rashes may be a normal side effect of a medication and is not caused by a medical error. Thus this case would not be analyzed using the RCA tool.

What should a nurse understand about healthcare proxies or a durable power of attorney for healthcare? Multiple choice question A proxy is a legal document that prohibits the purchase or sale of organs. A proxy is a legal document that ensures the client has the right to refuse medical treatment. A proxy is a legal document that designates a person or persons to make health care decisions on behalf of the client. A proxy is a legal document that directs treatment in accordance with the client's wishes in case of a terminal illness or condition.

A proxy is a legal document that designates a person or persons to make health care decisions on behalf of the client. Healthcare proxies enable another person or persons to make healthcare decisions on the client's behalf when the client is no longer able to make decisions on his or her own. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 prohibits the purchase or sale of organs. This act is not related to healthcare proxies. The ethical doctrine of autonomy ensures the client's right to refuse medical treatment. A living will is a written document that directs treatment in accordance with the client's wishes in case of a terminal illness or condition.

A nurse is caring for a client with renal failure. The client wants to go back home but the family members want the client to undergo a kidney transplant. The nurse gives details about the possible threats and benefits of the surgery to the family and informs them that the client wants to stay home. What role does the nurse play here? Multiple choice question Educator Manager Caregiver Advocate

Advocate The nurse in the given scenario plays the role of an advocate by protecting the client's human and legal rights and by providing assistance in asserting these rights. As an educator, the nurse explains concepts and facts about health and the reason for routine care activities, demonstrates procedures, and evaluates the client's progress in learning. As a caregiver, the nurse helps clients to maintain and regain health, manages diseases and symptoms, and attains a maximal level function and independence through the healing process. As a manager, the nurse coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has responsibility for personnel, policy, and budgetary issues for a specific nursing unit or agency.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to a healthcare facility for the treatment of sinus disorders. The nurse discovers that the client is a cocaine addict. What task followed by the nurse is the best way to deal with the situation? Multiple choice question Teach the client about safe medication storage and the danger of polypharmacy. Educate the client about his or her correct body mechanics and promote stress management. Assess the client's drug intake and ensure that the individual does not leave the healthcare facility. Assist with adequate personal hygiene, nutrition, and hydration and provide emotional support to the family.

Assess the client's drug intake and ensure that the individual does not leave the healthcare facility. When dealing with a client with substance abuse issues, the nurse should assess the client's drug intake in terms of the amount, frequency, and type of use to obtain useful information. Clients with substance abuse problems tend to avoid healthcare facilities for fear of judgmental attitudes and worries over being arrested by the police. In this case, the nurse should ensure that the client does not prematurely leave the facility. When dealing with a client with medication use and abuse issues, the nurse should provide proper education about safe medication storage and the danger of polypharmacy. When dealing with a client with arthritis, the nurse should educate the client about correct body mechanics and should also promote stress management. When dealing with clients in a confused state, the nurse should assist him or her with adequate personal hygiene, nutrition, and hydration and provide emotional support to the family.

A client with multiple fractures is admitted to the hospital. What is a nurse in the proficient stage expected to do in this situation? Multiple choice question Assess the client carefully for potential complications related to multiple fractures Ensure that the client is transferred to the orthopedic unit to undergo appropriate treatment Coordinate with all the appropriate members of the healthcare team when providing client care Identify the basic principles of providing orthopedic care and let a higher-level nurse perform client care

Coordinate with all the appropriate members of the healthcare team when providing client care A nurse who has reached the proficient stage is able to assess an entire situation and transfer knowledge gained from multiple past experiences. Because this nurse focuses on managing care, the nurse is expected to coordinate with all the appropriate members of a healthcare team to provide proper client care. An expert-level nurse is able to look at a situation intuitively; in this case, a nurse at this level is expected to assess the client for potential complications related to multiple fractures. A nurse at the competent stage is able to understand the organization and specific care required for the type of client in question; in this case, the nurse is expected to understand that the client requires orthopedic care and should be transferred to the orthopedic unit for proper treatment. A nurse at the advanced beginner level is expected to identify the basic principles of providing orthopedic care. However, a nurse of a higher level should provide client care.

A pregnant client states, "Abortion is banned in our community because it interferes with God's creative work." According to the nurse, which variable influences the client's health belief? Multiple choice question Emotional factors Cultural background Socioeconomic factors Perception of functioning

Cultural background In the given scenario, the pregnant client states that abortion is banned in her community because it interferes with God's creative work. This statement is an example of the influence of cultural background on health beliefs.

What should the nurse do initially when obtaining consent for surgery? Multiple choice question Describe the risks involved in the surgery. Explain that obtaining the signature is routine for any surgery. Witness the client's signature, which the nurse's signature will document. Determine whether the client's knowledge level is sufficient to give consent.

Determine whether the client's knowledge level is sufficient to give consent. Informed consent means the client must comprehend the surgery, the alternatives, and the consequences. Describing the risks involved in the surgery is not within nursing's domain. Although obtaining a signature is routine, explaining that obtaining the signature is routine for any surgery does not determine the client's ability to give informed consent. Although witnessing the client's signature will be done, the nurse first should assess the client's knowledge of the surgery.

The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) assigned to the 7:00 am shift has not been coming to work until 8:00 am. Nursing care is delayed, and assignments are started late. What is the most effective action by the charge nurse/team leader? Multiple choice question Discuss the issue with a friend from another unit. Remind the UAP of the expected start time. Report the problem to the Human Resources department. Document the information and discuss it with the UAP.

Document the information and discuss it with the UAP. Documentation is the best initial response; documentation should include both the missed time and the effect on client care. Discussing the issue with a friend from another unit is not a professional response to the problem. Reminding the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) of the expected start time may be helpful, but will not effectively address the issue if the problem continues. Reporting the event to the Human Resources department may be a later response to the problem.

A nursing team leader identifies that a nurse is coming to work after drinking alcohol. What is the most appropriate way for the team leader to approach this ethical situation? Multiple choice question Counsel the nurse about the problem. Ignore the problem until it happens again. Notify the nurse manager about the problem. Resolve the problem by sending the nurse home.

Notify the nurse manager about the problem. The assessment phase of problem solving consists of collecting data. The next step involves exploring options to address the problem; this is best accomplished in collaboration with the nurse manager. Counseling the nurse about the problem is not the role of a nurse; the nurse who has been drinking needs professional counseling. Ignoring the problem until it happens again is unsafe; clients may be placed in jeopardy. Resolving the problem by sending the nurse home delays addressing the problem.

Which is an appropriate action for the registered nurse regarding assisted suicide? Multiple choice question Nurses may have an open attitude toward the client's end of life. Nurses' participation in assisted suicide violates the code of ethics. Nurses may listen to the client's expressions of fear and to attempt to control the client's pain. Nurses can participate in assisted suicide only if the individual could make an oral and written request.

Nurses' participation in assisted suicide violates the code of ethics. According to the ANA, a nurse's participation in assisted suicide will violate their code of ethics. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the International Council of Nurses', the nurse may have an open attitude toward the client's end of life. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the International Council of Nurses', nurses may listen to the client's expressions of fear and to attempt to control the client's pain. According to the Oregon Death with Dignity Act (1994) the primary health care provider in the state of Oregon can participate in assisted suicide only if an individual with terminal disease makes an oral and written request to end his or her life in a humane and dignified manner.

An emancipated minor admitted to the healthcare setting states "I have not had proper meals since last week." Which needs should the nurse address using Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Multiple choice question Physiological Self-actualization Safety and security Love and belonging needs

Physiological According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the basic human needs are food, water, safety, and love. In the given scenario, the client has not been able to eat since last week so, the nurse should address the physiological need of the client first. Self-actualization deals with the need to achieve one's highest potential. Safety and security includes the physical and psychological safety of the client. Love and belonging needs includes the need to give and receive love and affection.

A pregnant woman is admitted with a tentative diagnosis of placenta previa. The nurse implements prescriptions to start an intravenous (IV) infusion, administer oxygen, and draw blood for laboratory tests. The client's apprehension is increasing, and she asks the nurse what is happening. The nurse tells her not to worry, that she is going to be alright, and that everything is under control. What is the best interpretation of the nurse's statement? Multiple choice question Adequate, because the preparations are routine and need no explanation Effective, because the client's anxieties would increase if she knew the danger involved Questionable, because the client has the right to know what treatment is being given and why Incorrect, because only the primary healthcare provider should offer assurances about management of care

Questionable, because the client has the right to know what treatment is being given and why The client's rights have been violated. All clients have the right to a complete and accurate explanation of treatment based on cognitive ability. All interventions should be explained, because they are not routine to the client. When administering treatment, the nurse is responsible for explaining what the treatment is and why it is being given. The Patient Care Partnership (Canada: The Patient's Bill of Rights) states that the client should be informed.

A nursing student is listing the guidelines to be followed to make the referral process successful. Which step listed by the nursing student needs correction? Multiple choice question Making the referral as soon as possible Including the referral discipline in the client's treatment plan Involving the client and family members in the referral process Refraining from giving the referral care provider information about the client in advance

Refraining from giving the referral care provider information about the client in advance The nurse should give the referral care provider information about the client in advance to help prevent duplication of efforts and omission of important information. The nurse should always make a referral as soon as possible. The nurse should include the referral discipline in the client's treatment plan. The nurse should involve the client and his or her family members in the referral process to make the process successful.

What does a nurse understand about the secondary level of prevention? Multiple choice question Secondary prevention is aimed at helping clients achieve the highest function possible. Secondary prevention is focused on minimizing effects of long-term disease or disability. Secondary prevention is focused on individuals who are in the early stage of their illnesses. Secondary prevention is aimed at attaining health promotion through wellness development activities.

Secondary prevention is focused on individuals who are in the early stage of their illnesses. The secondary level of prevention is focused on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses. Tertiary prevention is aimed at helping clients achieve the highest level of function possible. The tertiary level of prevention is focused on minimizing the effects of a long-term disease or disability. The primary level of prevention is aimed at attaining health promotion through wellness development activities.

A nurse is working in a hospital that receives most of its payment from Medicare and Medicaid services. In the annual assessment of The Joint Commission, the hospital had not met all the standards set forth in the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Which action does the nurse expect to be taken? Multiple choice question The Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services will stop paying the hospital. The hospital will lose its accreditation given by The Joint Commission. The Joint Commission would conduct an unannounced follow-up survey in the hospital. The Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services will conduct a follow-up survey in the hospital.

The Joint Commission would conduct an unannounced follow-up survey in the hospital. The hospital has failed to meet the standards of the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Therefore before any action is taken, an unannounced follow-up assessment is performed by The Joint Commission. The hospital accreditation may be lost if the hospital fails to meet the standards during the follow-up survey. The hospital may also stop receiving its payment from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services if the hospital does not follow the standards during the follow-up survey. The Centers of Medicaid and Medicare Services do not analyze the quality of care provided by hospitals.

A nurse and a nutritionist are discussing the needs of a client who practices the Russian Orthodox faith. What should the nurse and the nutritionist consider when planning meals for this client? Multiple choice question The client avoids pork and shellfish. The client avoids blood-containing food. The client follows a strict vegetarian diet. The client does not eat meat on Wednesdays and Fridays.

The client does not eat meat on Wednesdays and Fridays. A client who is Russian Orthodox may refrain from eating meat on Wednesdays and Fridays, and the nurse and the nutritionist should consider this when developing a nutrition plan for the client. A client who is Jewish might avoid pork and shellfish as part of a kosher diet. A client who practices the Jehovah's Witness faith might avoid blood-containing food. A client who is Hindu might follow a strict vegetarian diet.

In order to provide ideal therapeutic communication to patients, a health care facility provides interpreter services. Which statement regarding an interpreter is correct? Multiple choice question Interpreters can be relatives or friends of the patient as well. The interpreter should be able to make literal, word-for-word translations. The interpreter should be able to interpret not only the language but also the culture. The interpreter should be available as long as the health care provider is caring for the patient.

The interpreter should be able to interpret not only the language but also the culture. The health care facility should be able to provide interpreters to the patients who cannot speak English or do not speak English well enough to meet their communication needs. The interpreter should be able to interpret not only the language but also the culture. Health care facilities should not rely on relatives or friends of the patient for interpreting, because they may not be open as needed during the encounter. Literal translations are not necessary; words in one language can carry many different connotations in another language. The interpreter should be available at all points of contact but not when communication between the patient and the health care provider is not occurring.

A nursing student is evaluating statements regarding the five levels of proficiency set forth by Benner. Which statement indicates that a nurse is in the advanced beginner stage? Multiple choice question The nurse is learning about the profession through a specific set of rules and procedures. The nurse is able to identify the basic principles of nursing care through careful observation. The nurse is able to understand the organization and specific care required by certain clients. The nurse is able to assess the entire situation and transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences.

The nurse is able to identify the basic principles of nursing care through careful observation. According to the levels of proficiency set forth by Benner, a nurse in the advanced beginner stage is able to identify basic principles of nursing care through careful observation. A nurse in the novice stage learns about the profession through a specific set of rules and procedures. After reaching the competent stage, a nurse will be able to understand the organization and specific care required by certain clients. A nurse who has reached the proficient stage is able to assess an entire situation and transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences.

An elderly adult with Parkinson's disease falls while going to the bathroom and gets injured. The nurse taking care of the client informs the primary healthcare provider. What step should the nurse take to alert the risk management system? Multiple choice question The nurse should document the incident in the occurrence report tool. The nurse should provide information in the medical record about the occurrence. The nurse should document in the client's medical report that an occurrence report has been filed. The nurse should document in the client's medical report that the primary healthcare provider has been contacted.

The nurse should document the incident in the occurrence report tool. To alert the risk management system and to prevent the recurrence of such occurrences, the nurse should document the incident in the occurrence report tool. The nurse should provide information in the medical record about the occurrence; however, this will not alert the risk management system. The nurse should not document in the client's medical report that an occurrence report has been filed because this will alert all healthcare team members. The nurse should document in the client's medical report that the primary healthcare provider has been contacted because it might be useful in defending a lawsuit, but this action will not be a beneficial way to alert the risk management system.

An elderly adult suffered an injury after falling down in the washroom. The primary healthcare provider performed a surgical procedure on the client and orders a blood transfusion. A family member of the client mentions that blood transfusions are not permitted in their community. What should the nurse do in order to handle the situation? Multiple choice question The nurse should wait for the court's order to give blood to the client. The nurse should proceed with the transfusion in order to save the client's life. The nurse should inform the primary healthcare provider and not give blood to the client. The nurse should explain to the family member that the client needs this transfusion.

The nurse should inform the primary healthcare provider and not give blood to the client. The client or the client's family member has the right to refuse treatment and the nurse should value their beliefs and traditions. Therefore, the nurse should inform the primary healthcare provider and not perform the blood transfusion. The nurse should not wait for a court's order or explain or convince the family member to change his or her mind. The nurse should not proceed with the treatment because this may cause severe legal implications.

A health care worker is collecting data on the quality of health care provided in a health care center. The health care worker finds that too many nurses are attending to a single patient. What does the health care worker conclude from this? Multiple choice question The nursing team is not providing safe care. The nursing team is not providing efficient care. The nursing team is not providing effective care. The nursing team is not providing patient-centered care.

The nursing team is not providing efficient care. Too many nurses attending to a single patient indicates that the work that can be performed by a few nurses is being performed by many nurses. This indicates that the nursing team lacks efficiency. The inability of the nursing team to avoid injuries in the patient indicates that the nursing team is unable to perform safe care. The inability to address the problems of the vulnerable groups indicates that the nursing team is unable to provide effective care. The inability to address all the problems of the patient while providing care indicates that the nursing team is unable to provide patient-centered care.

What can be inferred when a professional is said to have ethical sensitivity? Multiple choice question The professional has the ability to recognize ethical dilemmas. The professional has the ability to take a morally correct action. The professional has the ability to justify a well-reasoned action. The professional has the ability to think critically to rank ethical obligations.

The professional has the ability to recognize ethical dilemmas. Ethical sensitivity helps to recognize if there is an ethical dilemma or issue. Ethical decision-making helps to take morally correct action through reasoning and justification. The ability to think critically to rank ethical obligations is called ethical reflection and analysis.

A client in need of a lung transplant tells the nurse, "I will not take the organ of any person belonging to a different religion." The nurse initiates the process for resolving the ethical dilemma by collaborating with other healthcare team members. What should the team do after agreeing to a statement of the problem? Multiple choice question The team should interview the family members of the client. The team should initiate negotiations for the appropriate course of action. The team should assess whether the client is satisfied with the course of action taken. The team should determine all the possible courses of action based on available information.

The team should determine all the possible courses of action based on available information. When resolving an ethical dilemma, the healthcare team should determine all possible courses of action after agreeing to a statement of the problem. At this stage the members of the team weigh all the possible options to address the situation. The team should interview the family members of the client to gather relevant information related to the situation. However, this step is performed immediately after deciding that the problem is an ethical dilemma. The team members may negotiate a plan after determining all the possible courses of action to address the ethical issue. After resolving an ethical dilemma, the last step is to evaluate the action and the level of success. The team members may assess whether the client is satisfied with the course of action taken, at this stage.

What represents a significant shift in U.S. health policy in recent years? Multiple choice question Palliative care is now being offered to children and adults. End-of-life care is no longer covered by insurance companies. Terminal patients now have standardized support for ending their lives. There is a focus on better managing patients with multiple chronic conditions.

There is a focus on better managing patients with multiple chronic conditions. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) has recently focused on strategies to improve the health status of patients living with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs), in order to better manage their long term care. Palliative care is offered to adults and children but this is not a recent change or an official change to health policy. End-of-life care is covered by many health care insurance policies. There is no standardized support for patients wishing to end their lives; this remains controversial in U.S. health care.

What was the goal of the Executive Order Incentives for the Use of Health Information Technology and Establishing the Position of the National Health Information Technology Coordinator? Multiple choice question To develop a nationwide health information technology system To ensure availability of paper health records for all Americans To provide insurance coverage for all of the citizens of America To promote privacy and confidentiality of client's information

To develop a nationwide health information technology system President George W. Bush enacted the Executive Order Incentives for the Use of Health Information Technology and Establishing the Position of the National Health Information Technology Coordinator in 2004. The objective of this order was to develop a nationwide health information technology system. It also aimed to ensure availability of electronic medical records for all Americans by 2014. The Executive Order did not aim to provide medical insurance to Americans; this was enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was enacted to promote the privacy and confidentiality of client information.

What is the goal of Healthy People 2020? Multiple choice question To ensure the well-being of patients cared for in a hospital setting To encourage the nurse to do good for the patient To have the nurse act as an advocate for patients who are not capable of self-determination To eliminate health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status

To eliminate health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The primary goal of Healthy People 2020 is to eliminate health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This helps to increase the quality of health care and help people live longer. Nonmaleficence is the ethical concept that emphasizes the importance of preventing harm and ensuring the patient's well-being. Beneficence is the ethical concept that encourages the nurse to do good for the patient. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2010), if the patient is not capable of self-determination, the nurse is ethically obligated to protect the patient as an advocate within the professional scope of nursing practice.

Which organization has a publication that includes the objective, "Aiming to develop a system to identify patients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ)?" Multiple choice question U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The Joint Commission (TJC) The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH)

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) Developing a system to identify patients who are LGBTQ is a goal stated in the USDHHS's Healthy People 2020. The CDC's publications have goals that differ from this one. The TJC field guide lists the recommendations for health care agencies in designing a safe environment for LGBT patient care. WPATH summarizes core principles that nurses and other health care providers should follow when caring for transgender patients.

According to Quality and Safety Education (QSEN), what is patient-centered care? Multiple choice question Understanding that the client is the source of control when providing care Functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams to deliver quality care Using data to evaluate outcomes of care processes and designing methods to improve health care Minimizing the risk of harm to clients and health care workers through improved professional performance

Understanding that the client is the source of control when providing care The Quality and Safety Education (QSEN) competency called patient-centered care requires the nurse to understand that the client is the source of control. The nurse should therefore respect the values, beliefs, and preferences of the client to provide quality care. The QSEN competency called teamwork and collaboration states that a nurse should function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams in order to provide quality care. Quality improvement involves using data to evaluate the outcomes of care processes and design methods to improve the health care delivery system. Safety focuses on minimizing the risk of harm to clients and health care workers through improved professional performance.

A group of nursing students can utilize which websites to find codes for nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes of endocrine diseases as a part of an assignment? Multiple selection question www.nanda.org www.sabacare.com www.icn.ch/icnp.htm www.nursing.uiowa.edu/cncce/nic www.nursing.uiowa.edu/cncce/noc

www.nanda.org www.sabacare.com www.icn.ch/icnp.htm The American Nurses Association has recognized a few terminologies that provide codes for nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes for various diseases. NANDA International (www.nanda.org) classifies and provides codes for nursing diagnoses. The Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system (www.sabacare.com) provides codes for nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. The International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP; www.icn.ch/icnp.htm) provides codes for nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes as well. Therefore the student would refer to these three websites to get the codes for diagnosis. The Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system at www.nursing.uiowa.edu/cncce/nic provides codes for interventions, and Codes for Nursing Outcomes Classification are available at www.nursing.uiowa.edu/cncce/noc. Therefore the student would not get codes for nursing diagnoses by using these websites.