Lifespan Chapter 14

70. A second birth typically requires that fathers __________. A) revert to a more traditional gender role around the home B) spend more time outside the home as a wage earner C) take an even more active role in parenting D) tend to the older child less often

C) take an even more active role in parenting

78. Men with a high school diploma or less and highly educated women in prestigious careers are overrepresented among singles after age 30 because __________. A) they are the most likely to have married and divorced young B) women tend to "marry down" and men tend to "marry up" C) women tend to "marry up" and men tend to "marry down" D) they are the most likely to be closed to a long-term relationship

C) women tend to "marry up" and men tend to "marry down"

98. More than half of births to African-American mothers in their twenties are to __________. A) divorced, single women B) women in first marriages C) women without a partner D) women in second marriages

C) women without a partner

3. Barry, a 21-year-old college student, has spent a lot of time exploring the breadth of his career options and has not yet made a commitment to a major. Johanna, age 20, committed to an engineering major and has been exploring her decision in depth. Which statement is most likely true? A) Barry is less often anxious and depressed than Johanna. B) Barry is higher than Johanna in emotional and social adjustment. C) Johanna is more likely than Barry to engage in health-compromising behaviors. D) Johanna scores higher than Barry in emotional and social adjustment.

D) Johanna scores higher than Barry in emotional and social adjustment.

7. Which statement accurately reflects a criticism of the concept of emerging adulthood? A) The term emerging adulthood fails to describe the experience of most of the world's youths. B) In the past, adulthood in complex societies has been attained at a distinct moment. C) Emerging adulthood is likely to become prominent in developing countries with high poverty rates. D) The concept of emerging adulthood is spreading in developing nations that play major roles in the global economy.

A) The term emerging adulthood fails to describe the experience of most of the world's youths.

35. Which statement is true about same-sex friendships? A) Women generally evaluate same-sex friendships more positively than men do. B) Men are generally more disapproving than women if friends do not meet their expectations. C) Throughout life, men have more intimate same-sex friends than women. D) Gay and lesbian romantic relationships rarely develop out of close same-sex friendships.

A) Women generally evaluate same-sex friendships more positively than men do.

68. After the birth of a child, gender roles of husband and wife usually __________. A) become more traditional B) become more egalitarian C) are unaffected D) are reversed

A) become more traditional

31. College students of Asian heritage are more likely than their Western counterparts to endorse a view of love strongly based on __________. A) companionship B) physical attraction C) passion and romance D) deep emotion

A) companionship

4. Ryan is a typical emerging adult. Which of the following is he likely to say is the most essential for attaining adult status? A) constructing a worldview B) settling into a career C) finishing his education D) moving out of his parents' house

A) constructing a worldview

42. Emma left home to attend college and lived on her own until she got married. As her own children grew up and left home, Emma's parenting responsibilities declined. She eventually retired and her husband died. This series of phases that Emma has experienced is referred to as the __________. A) family life cycle B) dual-loss model C) social clock D) cultural structure

A) family life cycle

102. The economic recession of 2007 to 2009 __________. A) greatly increased the number of young people in jobs that did not match their educational preparation B) decreased the number of women with discontinuous career paths—ones that were interrupted by family needs C) increased young people's access to effective mentors who were invested in their career success D) greatly decreased the number of young people in gender non-stereotypical career paths

A) greatly increased the number of young people in jobs that did not match their educational preparation

108. Among large, nationally representative samples of U.S. working adults, employees with several time-flexible options __________. A) missed fewer days of work B) more often arrived at work late C) more often left work early D) felt less committed to their employer

A) missed fewer days of work

88. The recent decline in childlessness is largely due to __________. A) more educated, career-focused women eventually opting for parenthood B) a resurgence in more traditional gender-role attitudes among young adults C) a strengthened negative stereotype of childlessness as a sign of self-indulgence D) a strengthened negative stereotype of nonparenthood as a sign of irresponsibility

A) more educated, career-focused women eventually opting for parenthood

37. From the college years through career exploration and settling into work roles, __________. A) other-sex friendships increase B) same-sex friendships cease to be vital contexts for sharing C) same-sex friendships decrease in importance D) siblings become more frequent companions

A) other-sex friendships increase

22. Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love identifies __________ as three components that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop. A) passion, intimacy, and commitment B) passion, companionship, and caring C) intimacy, emotional maturity, and dependability D) mutual attraction, companionship, and commitment

A) passion, intimacy, and commitment

62. In partner abuse studies spanning many countries in which people are asked directly, __________. A) rates of assault experienced by men and women are similar B) men are twice as likely as women to experience psychological abuse C) women are twice as likely as men to experience physical abuse D) partner abuse is much higher in other-sex than in same-sex relationships

A) rates of assault experienced by men and women are similar

45. In the United States today, the average age of leaving home __________. A) resembles the departure age at the beginning of the twentieth century B) is lower than it is in Scandinavian countries C) is lower than the departure age in the 1960s D) is higher than it is in Mediterranean countries

A) resembles the departure age at the beginning of the twentieth century

91. Most divorces occur __________ marriage. A) within seven years of B) between 8 and 11 years after C) between 12 and 15 years after D) after 18 to 20 years of

A) within seven years of

109. Ellyn and Jesus are a dual-earner couple. They would like to have a better balance between work and family. Which advice would best help them combine their work and family roles? A) Ellyn should set the standard for child care and be the family child-rearing expert. B) Both should critically evaluate the time they devote to work in view of their family values and priorities. C) Ellyn should take on a greater share of household duties because she can do them more efficiently. D) Both should understand that it is probably not possible to adjust work roles to meet family needs

B) Both should critically evaluate the time they devote to work in view of their family values and priorities.

95. Which statement is true about the consequences of divorce? A) Immediately after separation, both men and women experience an improvement in psychological well-being. B) Despite loneliness and a drop in income, women tend to bounce back more easily from divorce. C) Finding a new partner is more crucial for women, who adjust less well than men to living on their own. D) Continued education and career advancement tend to prevent women from full psychological recovery after divorce.

B) Despite loneliness and a drop in income, women tend to bounce back more easily from divorce.

21. Which statement is true about mate selection? A) Romantic love is rarely an important factor in mate selection. B) Little support exists for the idea that "opposites attract." C) People rarely select partners who resemble themselves. D) Partners who are similar in personality are less likely to stay together.

B) Little support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

65. Which woman is more likely to delay parenthood or decide against it altogether? A) Coral, who has a traditional gender-role orientation B) Renée, who has a high-status, demanding job C) Hermilia, who works at a low-level, undemanding job D) Amanda, who is unemployed

B) Renée, who has a high-status, demanding job

48. __________ of U.S. 18- to 25-year-olds return to their parents' home for brief periods after first leaving. A) Just over one-quarter B) Slightly over half C) Three-quarters D) Nearly all

B) Slightly over half

97. Which individual is the most likely to establish positive bonds quickly with stepchildren? A) Eula, a stepmother with no other children B) Wade, a stepfather with children of his own C) Felipe, a stepfather with no other children D) Deidre, a stepmother with children of her own

B) Wade, a stepfather with children of his own

61. Which statement is true about marital satisfaction? A) Women report feeling slightly happier with their marriages than men do. B) When a marriage is distressed, women are more likely than men to express dissatisfaction. C) When a marriage is distressed, men are more likely than women to seek professional help. D) Partners who hold overly positive biases concerning each other's attributes are less happy with their relationships.

B) When a marriage is distressed, women are more likely than men to express dissatisfaction.

12. Levinson found that during the transition to early adulthood, most young people __________. A) focused on finding a life partner B) constructed a dream that guided their decision making C) became reflective about the meaning of life D) became "keepers of meaning," or guardians of their culture

B) constructed a dream that guided their decision making

81. Keisha does not ever plan to marry. If she is like most single people, she will probably go through stressful periods in her __________ due to societal pressures. A) early twenties B) early and mid-thirties C) late forties D) mid- to late fifties

B) early and mid-thirties

5. Today's emerging adults __________. A) are not nearly as likely as contemporary older adults to participate in civic engagement B) have a stronger pluralistic orientation than young people in previous generations C) are less concerned than young people in previous generations about addressing global issues D) have a higher voting rate than older adults in nearly all established democracies

B) have a stronger pluralistic orientation than young people in previous generations

86. Amos and Wanda never had children. They married in their thirties, and their efforts at fertility treatments did not succeed. Amos and Wanda are __________. A) probably from low-SES backgrounds B) involuntarily childless C) voluntarily childless D) probably self-indulgent

B) involuntarily childless

89. Childlessness seems to interfere with adjustment and life satisfaction __________. A) in low-SES but not high-SES couples B) only when it is beyond a person's control C) among the highly educated D) in women but not men

B) only when it is beyond a person's control

57. In egalitarian marriages, __________. A) there is a clear division of roles B) partners share power and authority C) the husband is the head of the household D) the wife is responsible for family economic well-being

B) partners share power and authority

67. One of the most common disadvantages of parenthood cited by contemporary couples is __________. A) a decline in marital satisfaction B) role overload C) the necessary care and teaching D) inability to travel

B) role overload

18. When Yolanda thought about the future, she planned to get her first job at 22, be married by 24, and have her first child at 27, just like her older brother did. Yolanda has a well-defined __________. A) split dream B) social clock C) "feminine" dream D) life structure

B) social clock

26. Sal and Sadie have been married for 40 years. When asked to compare their current relationship to when they were newlyweds, they are most likely to say that __________. A) their marriage has more passionate love now than earlier B) they love each other more now than they did earlier C) their marriage has more conflict now than it did earlier D) they have become more like intimate friends than romantic partners

B) they love each other more now than they did earlier

25. Gloria's marriage was riddled with jealousy, emotional highs and lows, and desperation about whether her husband returned her affection. Though she offered support to her husband, Gloria did so in ways that poorly fit his needs. Based on this information, it is likely that Gloria has a(n) __________ attachment history. A) secure B) avoidant C) resistant D) trusting

C) resistant

54. __________ young adults are more likely than their counterparts to marry partners of another race or ethnicity. A) Middle-SES B) Religious C) Highly educated D) Homosexual

C) Highly educated

49. Which young adult is more likely to live on her own? A) Mae Ling, a first-generation Asian American B) Aaliyah, an African-American college student C) Julia, a well-off European American D) Marisa, an unmarried Latina

C) Julia, a well-off European American

52. Which statement is true about attitudes regarding marriage in the United States today? A) A majority of American adults agree that marriage is becoming obsolete. B) More than half of high-SES emerging adults say they never want to get married. C) Most U.S. unmarried young adults say they want to marry and have children. D) Marriage is not a central life goal for more than two-thirds of low-SES emerging adults.

C) Most U.S. unmarried young adults say they want to marry and have children.

51. Just 16 percent of contemporary U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds __________. A) leave home B) are employed C) are married D) return home after leaving

C) are married

2. More college students than in past generations __________. A) pursue their education in a linear fashion B) obtain their degree in three to four years C) change majors as they explore career options D) narrow their interests, attitudes, and values

C) change majors as they explore career options

38. After marriage, other-sex friendships __________. A) increase for both sexes B) continue to increase for men C) continue to increase for women D) are rare for both sexes

C) continue to increase for women

69. For most new parents, the arrival of a baby __________. A) causes a serious decline in marital satisfaction B) leads to a short-term rise in relationship satisfaction C) does not cause significant marital strain D) leads to a sharp increase in overall life satisfaction

C) does not cause significant marital strain

58. Most well-educated, career-oriented women expect a(n) __________ marriage. A) matriarchal B) traditional C) egalitarian D) patriarchal

C) egalitarian

100. Research findings indicate that __________. A) gay fathers are less responsive to their children's needs than heterosexual fathers B) gay fathers are less consistent in setting limits than heterosexual fathers C) lesbian and gay parents are as committed to and effective as heterosexual parents D) children of lesbian mothers are more likely than peers to have mental health issues

C) lesbian and gay parents are as committed to and effective as heterosexual parents

71. In today's complex world, men and women are __________ than in previous generations. A) more skilled at raising children B) less likely to care about parenting practices C) less certain about how to rear children D) more likely to place a high priority on parenting

C) less certain about how to rear children

19. Among economically better-off young people, __________ occurs much __________ in the lifespan than it did a generation or two ago. A) finishing one's education; earlier B) having children; earlier C) marrying; later D) attending college; later

C) marrying; later

77. The rate of never-married Americans age 25 and older has __________ since 1960. A) decreased slightly B) increased slightly C) more than doubled D) stayed the same

C) more than doubled

90. Divorce rates have declined over the past two decades, partly because __________. A) premarital cohabitation rates have decreased in the same time period B) there has been a steady resurgence in religious objection to divorce C) of rising age at marriage, which is linked to greater marital satisfaction D) poverty and unemployment rates have improved

C) of rising age at marriage, which is linked to greater marital satisfaction

104. Which statement is true about the gender differences in career development? A) In college, women and men major in high-paying scientific and technical fields at about the same rate. B) Currently in the United States, the average woman working full-time earns 90 percent as much as the average man. C) High self-efficacy with respect to male-dominated fields limits women's career progress. D) Many women enter and exit the labor market several times, or reduce their work hours to give birth to and raise children.

D) Many women enter and exit the labor market several times, or reduce their work hours to give birth to and raise children.

13. According to Levinson, which statement about gender differences in dreams is true? A) Men's dreams tend to define the self in terms of relationships. B) Both men's and women's dreams emphasize achievement in a career. C) Women's dreams are usually more individualistic than men's dreams. D) Most career-oriented women have "split dreams" involving both marriage and career.

D) Most career-oriented women have "split dreams" involving both marriage and career.

73. Which statement is true about parenting young children? A) The younger the child, the lower the parents' sense of risk in finding child care. B) Parents report that raising young children negatively affects psychological well-being. C) Involved parents say that parenthood requires them to tune out others' feelings and needs. D) Rearing young children is a powerful source of adult development.

D) Rearing young children is a powerful source of adult development.

9. According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of early adulthood is __________. A) initiative versus guilt B) industry versus inferiority C) identity versus role confusion D) intimacy versus isolation

D) intimacy versus isolation

92. During the first few years of second marriages, __________. A) the divorce rate is less than that for first marriages B) the divorce rate is similar to that for first marriages C) nearly 75 percent end in a second divorce D) marital failure is 10 percent above that for first marriages

D) marital failure is 10 percent above that for first marriages

83. Among U.S. young people, cohabitation is __________. A) less common than it was a generation ago B) more popular than it is in Western Europe C) preparation for, rather than an alternative to, marriage D) now the preferred mode of entry into a committed intimate partnership

D) now the preferred mode of entry into a committed intimate partnership

33. Adult friends are usually __________. A) different in sex and age, but similar in SES B) similar in age, but different in sex and SES C) different in SES and age, but similar in sex D) similar in age, sex, and SES

D) similar in age, sex, and SES

79. Raymond is a single, African-American, 30-year-old man. Statistically, what is the most likely reason for his singlehood? A) religion B) education C) divorce D) unemployment

D) unemployment