LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING
The oil-and-whiting method was first used in which industry?
A. The aerospace industry. B. The railroad industry. C. The marine industry. D. The oil industry.
What is the allowable concentration range for hydrophilic emulsifier immersion applications?
A. 10 to 30% B. 5 to 10% C. 0.05 to 5% D. 50 to 100%
Proper illumination for a Type II visual dye penetrant at the test surface is?
A. 100 fc (1000 lux) B. 10 fc (100 lux) C. 2 fc (22 lux) D. 1000 fc (10000 lux)
For Type I fluorescent dye inspections, the minimum lighting generally required in industry specifications is?
A. 100 qW/cm squared. B. 500 qW/cm squared. C. 1000 qW/cm squared. D. 3000 qW/cm squared.
How many levels of sensitivity are there for Type 1 penetrant?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Handheld UV mercury vapor arc lamps produce filtered light in the wavelength range of?
A. 300 to 400 nm B.320 to 440 nm C. 320 to 420 nm D. 365 to 440 nm
Most specifications require the UV light to have what type of output?
A. 365 nm/cm at 15 in. (38 cm) B. 800 qW/cm squared at 15 in. (38 cm) C. 1000 qW/cm squared at 15 in. (38 cm) D. 1000 qW/cm squared at the surface being inspected.
The ultraviolet radiation wavelength used in Type 1 (fluorescent) penetrant testing is approximately?
A. 365nm B. 100 fc C. 500 qW D. 2 fc
The length of a certification is stated where?
A. ASNT B. ASME C. Employer's written practice. D. Employer's procedure.
Which of the following standards defines the minimum requirements for all materials used in the liquid penetrant testing process?
A. ASTM E1417 B. ASTM E165 C. SAE AMS 2644 D. SAE E1417
What skill level is a person who has just begun the qualification process?
A. An NDT assistant. B. A trainee C. A Level 1 D. A technician.
ASNT's recommended guideline is called?
A. CP-189 B. CP-105 C. NAS 410 D. SNT-TC-1A
ASNT's standard for qualification and certification?
A. CP-189 B. CP-105 C. NAS 410 D. SNT-TC-1A
Which of the following causes the liquid to enter the discontinuities that are open to the surface?
A. Cohesion action. B. Adhesion action. C.Capillary action. D. Surface tension action.
Which of the following combine with penetrant to make the resulting mixture water-washable?
A. Developer B. Emulsifier C. Cleaner D. Water
When using an inline penetrant system, which method of applying penetrant minimizes the consumption of the liquid penetrant?
A. Dipping. B. Spraying. C. Brushing. D. Electrostatic spraying.
Which of the following developer forms consists of developer particles suspended in a volatile solvent?
A. Dry powder B. Water soluble. C. Nonaqueous. D. Water suspendable.
Which developer is considered to be the most sensitive?
A. Dry powder. B. Nonaueous C. UV lamp. D. Wiping cloths.
Which of the following developer forms consists of developer particles suspended in water?
A. Dry powder. B. Water soluble. C. Nonaqueous. D. Water suspendable.
What developer type is the most adaptable to rough surface application?
A. Dry. B. Water soluble. C. Water suspendable. D. Nonaqueous.
Emulsifiers stored in dip tanks for immersion applications are subject to contamination and dragout losses. Due to this, how are emulsification contact times determined?
A. Experimentation. B. Measurement of the emulsifier contact angle. C. Daily water tolerance checks. D. Quarterly brightness checks.
A P91 special alloy steel pipe elbow is being tested at a site where there is neither electricity nor water. Which one of the following dye penetrants will be the most suitable?
A. Fluorescent post-emulsifiable. B. Visible water-washable. C. Visible solvent-removable. D. Fluorescent water-washable.
A part is being tested, in which detection of shallow discontinuities is critical. Which of the following dye penetrants should be used?
A. Fluorescent postemulsifiable. B. Visible water-washable. C. Visible solvent-removable. D. Fluorescent water-washable.
Lighting intensities are measured and verified by the use of which calibrated piece of equipment?
A. Fluorimeter B. Radiometer/Photometer C. UV emission source D. LED meter.
Which of the following forms of developer is most sensitive?
A. Form A B. Form B C. Form C D. Form D
Which of trhe following written examinations evaluates a candidate's understanding of basic principles of the liquid penetrant testing method?
A. General examinatrion. B. Practical examination. C. Specific examination. D. Vision examination.
Titanium alloys can only be tested with a penetrant that contains?
A. High sulfur and low chlorine. B. High sulfur and high chlorine. C. Low sulfur and high chlorine. D. Low sulfur and low chlorine.
What piece of equipment is used to measure the concentration of emulsifier in water?
A. Hydrometer B. Thermostat C. Hydrophone D. Refractometer
A stainless steel plate with a surface width of 13 ft (4m) and length of 26 ft (8 m) is being tested. Which of the following methods would be the fastest and simplest?
A. Hydrophilic-emulsifiable,Method D. B. Solvent-removable, Method C. C. Lipophili-emulsifiable, Method B. D. Water-washable, Method A.
Which of the following statements are true concerning vision acuity test?
A. If corrective lenses are required to pass a vision acuity test, corrective lenses must also be worn during the liquid penetrant test. B. Vision acuity tests are not required for certified personnel. C.Personnel being considered for certification must be able to pass the vision acuity test without corrective lenses. D. Vision acuity test are required semiannually at a minimum.
Which of trhe following is a typical nonrelevant indication?
A. Indications due to part geometry or part design configurations. B. Nonmagnetic indications. C. Nonlinear indications. D. Multiple indications.
What test is used to verify that a person can distinguish between colors used for liquid penetrant testing?
A. Jaeger J-1 B. Snellen chart. C. Pseudo-isochromatic plates. D. Retinoscopy.
Which certification level is responsible for a company's qulification and certification program?
A. Level I B. Level II C. Level III D. Level IV
All procedures and techniques must be approved and signed by a?
A. Level I technician. B. Level II inspector C. Level II supervisor. D. Level III technician.
What method utilizes a penetrant material with a "built-in" emulsifying agent?
A. Lipophilic, Method B B. Solvent-removable, Method C C. Water-washable, Method A D. Hydrophilic, Method D
UV-A intensity is typically measure in which unit?
A. Lux B. Microwatts per centimeter squared C. Footcandles D. UV
Penetrant that is water-washable (contains a built-in emulsifier) is which method?
A. Method A B. Method B C. Method C D. Method D
Which is the most common portable method?
A. Method A B. Method B C. Method C D. Method D
Which method uses a spray or agitation in a tank to remove the emulsifier?
A. Method A B. Method B C. Method C D. Method D
The main difference between Method B and Method D is?
A. Method D requires a pre-rinse to remove the bulk of penetrant prior to emulsifier application. B. Method D requires a shorter emulsification dwell time. C. Method B requires the emulsifier be agitated. D. Method B requires a pre-rinse to remove the bulk of penetrant prior to emulsifier application.
How long of a warm-up period is required to reach the required temperature when using a mercury vapor lamp?
A. More than 10 min. B. At least 5 min. C. More than 1 h. D. No warm-up time is required.
What developer is the most sensitive?
A. Nonaqueous. B. Water suspendable. C. Dry. D. Water soluble.
What special considerations should be considered when penetrant testing titanium products?
A. Only UV lighting provided by LED sources should be used. B. Solvent removable techniques must be performed by Level III personnel. C. Only postemulsifiable methods can be used. D. Materials with low sulfur and low chlorine content are required.
Liquid penetrant testing is employed to detect shich of the following?
A. Only discontinuities that provide linear indications. B .Discontinuities located deep below the surface. C. Only discontinuities that provide rounded indications. D. Discontinuities open to the surface.
When using water-based developers, which of the following is the correct sequence of processing?
A. Penetrant removal, drying, developer application, inspection. B. Penetrant removal, developer application, drying, inspection. C. Penetrant removal, developer application, inspection, drying. D. Penetrant removal, drying, inspection, developer application.
What test objects are tested using an inline penetrant system?
A. Piping welds in the field. B. Large castings. C. Large volumes of small castings. D. Bridge structures.
What precautions can be taken to avoid unhealthy concentrations of developer powder in the atmosphere?
A. Protective hand creams. B. Neoprene gloves. C. UV lamp filters. D. Exhaust fans.
What is the primary advantage of hydrophilic emulsifier?
A. Reduced risk for over rinsing. B. Fewer processing steps. C. Cheapest processing option. D. Less material usage.
Which statement best defines postemulsifiable penetrant?
A. Similar to water-washable penetrant, except it does not contain an emulsifying agentand consequently are not soluble in water. B. Similar to water-washable penetrant, in that it contains an emulsifying agent. C. Similar to water-washable penetrant, except it requires the addition of developer to render the media water-washable. D. Similar to water-washable penetrant, except that emulsifier is used to remove excess penetrant instead of water.
Why is it advisable to have an ultraviolet lamp installed at the wash station?
A. So that inspection can be done without drying parts. B. To speed the bleeding of penetrant out of discontinuities. C. To check the effectiveness of the wash cycle. D. To determine if parts have been covered with penetrant.
What additional piece of equipment is necessary when doing a fluorescent liquid penetrant examination?
A. Solvent cleaner. B. Penetrant. C. UV lamp. D. Wiping cloths.
Method B requires the use of which type of emulsifier?
A. Solvent-based B. Water-based C. Sulfur-based D. Oil-based
Method D requires the use of which type of emulsifier?
A. Solvent-based. B. Water-based. C. Detergent-based. D. Oil-based.
Which cleaning method has been virtually eliminated due to safety and environmental concerns?
A. Steam cleaning. B. Ultrasonic cleaning. C. Detergent cleaning. D. Vapor degreasing.
What is the purpose of checking the sulfur and chlorine content of dye penetrant used for nickel alloys?
A. Sulfur and chlorine may cause skin irritation. B. Sulfur and chlorine may affect the dwell time of dye penetrant. C. Sulfur and chlorine may affect the test temperature range of dye penetrant. D. Sulfur and chlorine may affect the structural integrity of nickel alloys.
A painted part will be penetrant tested. Which one of the following is the best choice before penetrant application?
A. The painted surface should be cleaned with a solvent dampened cloth. B. Penetrant can be applied directly onto the painted surface with no need for preparation. C. Paint should be removed completely before liquid penetrant testing. D. Post emulsifiable penetrant can be applied on the painted surface.
After liquid penetrant testing of a stainless steel plate, faint indications are found on the surface. What should be done next?
A. The plate may be used for production, since it is a nonrelevant indication. B. The plate must be repaired before production, since it is a relevant indication. C. The plate should be further evaluated using ultrasonic testing. D. The plate should be thoroughly cleaned and retested.
How is the depth of a discontinuity determined using liquid penetrant testing?
A. There is no way to determine depth. B. By the diameter of the bleedout. C. By the total area of the bleedout. D. By the rate at which bleedout occurs.
What is the purpose of developer for liquid penetrant testing?
A. To dry the surface of the test object. B. To increase the surface tension of the dye. C. To decrease the surface tension of the dye. D. To aid reverse capillary action bleedout and make indication easier to see.
Aerospace components that serve a critical function are required to be inspected by?
A. Type I penetrants B. Type II penetrants C. Type III penetrants D. Type IV penetrants
Regarding the dye penetrant systems, which one of the following matches are true?
A. Type I, fluorescent. B. Type II, fluorescent. C. Type III, visible. D. Type I, visible.
Which type of penetrant developer combination is considered the most sensitive?
A. Type II Form B B. Type I Form D C. Type II Form D D. Type II Form A
Which type is preferred for inline penetrant systems that consist of bulk penetrant materials in tanks?
A. Type II visual. B. Type I fluorescent. C. Type II visual/dual-type. D. Type I visual.
Which type of penetrant has the highest sensitivity?
A. Type III B. Type I C. Type II D. Type I and Type II are equal
Type I fluorescent penetrant inspections performed outdoors during the day may require?
A. UV lighting intensities above 10,000 qW/cm squared at examination surface. B. Black cloths or sheilding to reduce white light to acceptable levels. C. Additional white light sources to ensure ambient light levels remain above 100 fc (1000 lux). D. Postemulsifiable removal methods.
What term defines the lowest temperature at which vapors of a volatile combustible substance could ignite in air when exposed to a flame?
A. Viscosity. B. Surface tension. C. Flashpoint. D. Toxicity.
If a technician requires UV light for the inspection area, which of the following dye penetrants is being used?
A. Visible postemulsifiable. B. Visible water-washable. C. Visible solvent-removable. D. Fluorescent solvent-removable.
Which of the following penetrants contain built-in emulsifiers?
A. Water-washable B. Lipophilic postemulsifiable C. Solvent-removable D. Hydrophilic postemulsifiable
Which developer is considered the least sensitive?
A. Wet developer. B. Nonaqueous developer. C. Dry powder. D. Soluble developer.
The primary advantage of choosing a Type I penetrant inspection versus a Type II penetrant inspection is?
A. a dark area and special lighting are required. B. it is easier to see indications. C. there is only one sensitivity level to choose from. D. it provides a similar contrast to Type II penetrant.
When using Method C, the bulk of penetrant is removed with?
A. a solvent damped cloth followed by a dry cloth. B. a solvent saturated cloth followed by a dry cloth. C. a dry cloth followed by a solvent dampened cloth. D. a dry cloth followed by a solvent saturated cloth.
Postemulsifiable and solvent-removable penetrants do not contain am emulsifying agent and therefore?
A. are not available as visible penetrants. B. cannot be used with UV lighting. C. can easily be over-rinsed. D. are not soluble in water.
Too long of a developer time will result in?
A. better defined indications. B. clear indication outlines. C. loss of background contrast. D. blurred and distorted indications.
The length of time the penetrant is to remain on the test surface following application is known as?
A. coverage period. B. soak time. C. dwell time. D. immersion dwell.
False penetrant indications may be caused by?
A. cracks. B. porosity. C. seams. D. inadequate removal of excess penetrant.
Hydrophilic emulsifier acts on the penetrant from the surface by?
A. detergent action. B. capillary action. C. emulsification action. D. surface tension.
Lipophilic emulsifier works by?
A. diffusing into the oil-based penetrant. B. detergent action. C. saponification. D. evaporation.
In order to remove smeared metal, parts must be?
A. etched. B. detergent cleaned. C. ultrasonic cleaned. D. vapor degreased.
The application of penetrant is performed after the testing surface is completely?
A. evaluated for surface indications. B. grit blasted. C. cleaned and dried. D. etched.
To determine if an indication is acceptable, requires rework, or is rejectable is known as?
A. evaluation. B. determination. C. interpretation. D. redevelopment.
To determine if an indication is relevant, nonrelevant, or false is known as?
A. evaluation. B. determination. C. interpretation. D. redevelopment.
After the penetrant dwell time and proper emulsification, the water rinse should be?
A. fine droplets normally applied directly to inspection area. B. coarse droplets normally applied at an oblique angle. C. supplied by a standard water hose no longer than 48 in. (122 cm) D. Poured from a small container.
Awritten examination evaluating a candidate's understanding of procedures, equipment, and techniques that would be encountered in their scope of employment is a?
A. general examination. B. practical examination. C. specific examination. D. vision examination.
When using the Method C removal technique, it is important to avoid saturating cloths with cleaner because too much cleaner may?
A. increase the size of the indication. B. clean out shallow indications. C. mix with penetrant in discontinuities. D. evaporate too quickly and will have no effect on removal of penetrant.
Drying of parts prior to application of penetrant is important because a wet surface might?
A. increase the wetting ability of the penetrant. B. block penetrant from entering surface discontinuities. C. increase the fluorescence of Type I penetrant. D. increase the penetrant's ability to enter discontinuities.
The greatest difference between Type I and Type II systems is the?
A. method. B. application C. sensitivity. D. type of discontinuities.
If solvent cleaners are used to preclean a part, the technician should ensure that?
A. most of the contaminants are removed but that the part is not over-cleaned. B. the solvent materials completely clean out foreign materials trapped in discontinuities. C. only the minimal amount of solvent cleaner is used to prevent over cleaning of the part surface. D. the solvent material completely removes organic contaminants on the part and totally evaporates.
Indications that are caused by a material discontinuity are?
A. nonrelevant. B. relevant. C. irrelevant. D. defects.
Vapor degreasing removes?
A. paint coatings. B. anodic coatings. C. oils, greases, and other organic compounds. D. phosphoric coatings.
When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a weld bead area could be indicative of?
A. porosity. B. hot tears. C. weld laps. D. fatigue cracks.
Prohibited precleaning methods include?
A. power wire brush. B. detergent cleaning. C. ultrasonic solvent agitation. D. rust and scale removal.
During interpretation of an indication, it is discovered that the source of the indication is contamination due to penetrant on the fingers of the technician. This type of indication is?
A. relevant. B. nonrelevant. C. false. D. rejectable.
During interpretation of an indication, it is discovered that the source of the indication is surface roughness. This type of indication is?
A. relevant. B. nonrelevant. C. false. D. rejectable.
Lipophilic emulsifier is used to?
A. remove dirt and oil from test part surface. B. speed up dwell times. C. help aid in the developer drying. D. make penetrant removable from a test part.
A cleaning or finishing process that could potentially cause metal smearing is?
A. solvent cleaning. B. grit blasting. C. ultrasonic cleaning. D. vapor degreasing.
The greatest difference between Type I and Type II penetrant systems is?
A. the sensitivity rating system rating system for Type I. B. the color of the penetrant. C. the viscosity of the penetrant. D. the capillary action of the penetrant.
Type II penetrant should never be used before?
A. the two penetrant types are not compatible. B. the red dye from Type II penetrant will dilute the fluorescent dye from Type I penetrant. C. the two penetrant may react violently. D. the two penetrants will mix together and change the color of the penetrant.
Liquid penetrants testing identifies sensitivity levels of penetrants. The sensitivity levels are applicable to?
A. visible dye penetrants. B. fluorescent penetrants. C. both visible and fluorescent penetrants. D. only dual-mode fluorescent penetrants.
The difference between water-soluble and water-suspendable developer is?
A. water-solubale developer requires constant agitation. B. water-suspendable developer is applied after drying. C. water-soluble developer remains mixed after initial mixing. D. water-suspendable developer remains mixed after initial mixing.
An approved precleaning method for liquid penetrant testing is?
A. wiping with solvent. B. grit blasting. C. wiping with emery cloth. D. using metal scrapers.
