M.A: Reproductive System

what happens during fertilization and where does it occur?

Fertilization, when an ovum and a sperm join to create a new life, usually takes place in the fallopian tubes.

In which of these STDs may the male experience a green-yellow discharge? Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes 2 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Gonorrhea

Which of these STDs involve sores that form painful ulcers? Herpes 2 Chlamydia Gonorrhea All of the above

Herpes 2

What are the male gonads called and what do they produce?

The male gonads are the testes. The two testes produce sperm, which are the male sex cells.

what is the function of the penis?

The penis encloses the urethra, which caries both urine and semen to the outside of the body - but not at the same time.

what is the perineum?

The perineum is the name for the space between the bottom of the labia majora and the anus.

where is the prostate gland located and what is its function?

The prostate gland is a chestnut-shaped gland located below the urinary bladder. It secretes a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings.

what is the function of testosterone?

its the most important male hormone. It helps the sperm to mature.

What happens to the vagina to allow for intercourse and childbirth-? The muscle tissue expands. The muscle tissue contracts. All of the above It disintegrates as part of menstruation.

the muscle tissue expands

The inability to conceive or produce a child is called _______.

infertility

what is acquired immune deficiency syndrome? what is it caused by? what are the symptoms and treatment?

-Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). -The virus attacks the body's immune system and greatly weakens its ability to fight off infections and diseases. Eventually it leads to death. -People infected with HIV can remain free of symptoms for many years. When symptoms do appear, they include lack of resistance to infections, weight loss, fatigue, and skin rashes. -There is no cure for AIDS at this time. Treatment involves a combination of drugs to slow the disease.

what is herpes 2? what is it caused by? what are the symptoms and treatment?

-Herpes 2, or genital herpes, is caused by a virus. -Symptoms include a burning sensation, sores that form painful ulcers, and painful urination. Many people have repeated, but milder attacks. -There is no cure. Treatment involves promoting the healing of the sores and easing discomfort.

what is the cause, symptoms and treatment of chlamydia?

-It is caused by bacteria. -Symptoms include a burning sensation while urinating and a discharge for both males and females. -Treatment involves antibiotics.

what is the cause, symptoms and treatment of gonorrhea?

-Like chlamydia, gonorrhea is also caused by bacteria. -Symptoms in males include a burning sensation while urinating, green-yellow discharge, sore throat, and swollen glands. Symptoms in females include painful urination, pain in the abdomen, and vaginal discharge. -Treatment involves large doses of penicillin or other antibiotics.

Define the following: Epididymis- Vas deferens- Seminal vesicles- Semen- ejaculatory ducts-

-Located at the top part of each testis, the epididymis stores sperm until they become mature and motile, or able to move. -vas deferens, or the ductus deferens. These narrow tubes act as a passageway and temporary storage area for sperm. -The sperm then travel to small, pouch-like tubes called the seminal vesicles. Each seminal vesicle adds fluid rich in sugar that nourishes the sperm. -This thick, yellow fluid and the sperm together are known as semen. -The vas deferens and the seminal vesicles join to form two short tubes called ejaculatory ducts. They carry the semen containing the sperm through the prostate gland and into the urethra.

what do the breasts contain?what is their purpose?

-contain fatty tissue and a system of ducts that produce milk and transport it to the nipples. -The milk is secreted after childbirth to nurse the infant.

how sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) passed from person to person? who is at risk? how can it be prevented? list example of STDs.

-passed on to others primarily through sexual contact and exchange of body fluids. -People who are sexually active with multiple partners are at the highest risk for contracting these diseases. -Using condoms provides some protection from these diseases. -Some examples of STDs include the following: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes 2

what is infertility? what are the causes and treatment?

-the inability to conceive or produce a child. -Some causes may be damage to the fallopian tubes, low sperm count, and an imbalance of hormones. Delaying childbearing until later years may also be a factor. -Treatment involves a few different options. Surgery may be used in the case of blocked tubes. Fertility drugs may be used to correct hormone levels and increase the production of sex cells. In artificial insemination, sperm is placed directly in a woman's uterus or fallopian tube. In in vitro fertilization (IVF), eggs (ova) are removed and combined with sperm outside the body. When the egg is fertilized, it is transferred to the uterus in the female.

what is ovulation? on average, how often does it occur?

About every 28 days, a single ovum matures and the follicle it is in breaks open to release it. This process is known as ovulation.

In which of these STDs is the body's immune system under attack and unable to fight off infections and diseases? Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Chlamydia Gonorrhea Herpes 2

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

If a person contracts an STD, who should also be treated-? The person's next sexual partner All current and past sexual partners No one else needs to be treated. Only the person's current sexual partners

All current and past sexual partners

After ovulation, how does the ovum get from the ovary to the uterus? It is swept into a fallopian tube by fimbriae. The muscle contractions of peristalsis move the ovum through the fallopian tube. Tiny hairs called cilia help to guide the ovum through the fallopian tube. All of the above

All of the above

How are STDs passed on to others? Sexual contact Exchange of body fluids All of the above

All of the above

where are Bartholin's glands located and what is their function?

Bartholin's glands, also called vestibular glands, are contained in the space between the labia minora. They secrete fluid into the vagina for lubrication during intercourse.

why is it necessary for the testes to be located outside of the body?

Being located outside of the body, the temperature in the scrotum is lower than that inside the body. The lower temperature is needed for the sperm to develop safely.

where are Cowper's glands located and what is their function?

Cowper's glands, or bulbourethral glands, are two small glands located below the prostate. Like the prostate gland, Cowper's glands secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings to help sperm survive. They also secrete fluid that lubricates the inside of the urethra to help the semen move more easily.

Which layer of the uterus contains a thick lining of blood tissues to nourish a developing fetus? Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium All of the above

Endometrium

In which procedure are eggs removed and fertilized with sperm outside the body before being transferred to the female uterus? Artificial insemination In vitro fertilization (IVF) All of the above

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

What is the benefit of the scrotum being located outside of the body? It maintains a lower temperature for sperm development. It allows testosterone to pool during sperm development. All of the above It assists with urination.

It maintains a lower temperature for sperm development.

what is the function of the vagina?

It serves as a passageway for menstrual flow.

What glands in the breast produce milk to nurse an infant? Bartholin's glands Cowper's glands Vestibular glands Mammary glands

Mammary glands

briefly describe how the ovum gets from the ovary to the uterus?

Muscle contractions called peristalsis move the ovum to the uterus. Tiny hairs called cilia line the tubes and also help guide the ovum to the uterus.

what are the organs associated with the female reproductive system?

Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Vulva Breasts

What is the term for sperm together with a thick fluid that nourishes the sperm? Semen Testosterone Ductus deferens Vas deferens

Semen

What are the organs of the male reproductive system?

Testes Seminal vesicles Seminal ducts Prostate gland Cowper's glands Penis

where is the clitoris located and what is its function?

The clitoris is located at the junction of the labia minora. It provides sexual arousal when stimulated and helps the vagina to become lubricated.

what are the three layers of the uterine wall and what is their function?

The endometrium contains a thick lining of blood tissues. If a fertilized ovum implants on this surface, it will nourish the developing fetus. If fertilization does not occur, the surface breaks down and is shed from the female body along with the unfertilized ovum. This process is known as menstruation. The myometrium contains three layers of smooth muscle, which stretch and expand as a fetus grows. During childbirth, the muscles contract to help push the fetus out of the uterus. The perimetrium acts as a protective membrane.

what is the vulva? what are the different parts of the vulva?

The external structures of the female reproductive system together are known as the vulva. The vulva is made up of the mons pubis, labia majora, and labia minora.

where are the Fallopian tubes located? what is their function?

The fallopian tubes are located above the ovaries, but are not directly connected to them. After ovulation, the ovum is swept into one of the two fallopian tubes by fingerlike projections called fimbriae.

what are the female gonads and what do they produce?

The female gonads are the ovaries. The two ovaries are small, almond-shaped glands that produce ova, which are the female sex cells.

where is the uterus located and what is its function?

The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped, and highly muscular organ. It lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. It is divided into three parts: the fundus (top section), the body or corpus (middle section), and the cervix (bottom section). If fertilization has occurred, the uterus provides for the development and growth of the fetus.

what is the function of estrogen and progesterone?

These hormones help the female reproductive organs to develop. They also cause secondary female sex characteristics to appear, such as the enlargement of the breasts, the broadening of the hips, and the growth of pubic hair.

What is the name for the external structures of the female reproductive system? Vagina Vulva Vestibular glands Perineum

Vulva

Which of these glands secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings to help sperm survive? Prostate gland Cowper's glands Bulbourethral glands All of the above

all of the above

Like their male counterparts, female reproductive organs are mainly located outside of the body. True False

false

If fertilization does not occur, the lining of blood tissues in the uterus is shed from the female body in a process known as _______.

menstruation

About how often does ovulation take place in the female reproductive system? Once a day Once every 10 days Once every 28 days Once every 10 months

once every 28 days

The female gonads are the _______

ovaries

The male organ for intercourse is the _______.

penis

STD stands for _______ transmitted disease.

sexually

The female organ for intercourse is the _______.

vagina