World War I Key terms set 16.2 and 16.3
Espionage
Spying, especially to gain government secrets
Wilson's Fourteen Points
US President Wilson's outline for a peace settlement after WWI; League of Nations, spread democracy, world peace
Trench warfare
a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other. Fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire
The Treaty of Versailles
ended World War I and made Germany pay money to other countries, lose land, reduce their military; 1919; required Germany to pay over $33 billion in reparations
Food Administration
war time agency that coordinated the production of food with American farmers
War Industrial Board (WIB)
war time agency that coordinated the production of war materials
General John J Pershing
Leader of the American Expeditionary Force; fought in the battle of Argonne Forest
Sedition Act of 1918
Made it illegal to speak against the war publicly.
African Americans in industry
Henry Ford sent agents to the South to recruit African Americans; promises of high wages and plentiful work convinced between 300,000 and 500,000 African American to move South
Draft
To select a person at random for mandatory military service
The League of Nations
(fourteenth point) attempt to prevent further wars after WWI; United States never joined
Convoys
A group that travels with something, such as a ship, to protect it
"The Great Migration"
A large scale migration of Southern blacks pursuing industrial labor in the north.
Armistice
A temporary agreement to end fighting
Liberty Bonds
Americans who bought bonds were lending money to the government to be repaid with interest; a government issued bond that sold during WW1 that raised money for the allied war effort.
Schenck v. United States
Charles Schenck was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment.Also his case questioned of whether anti-speech violated the first amendment.
The Big Four
David Lloyd George- British prime minister; prime minister Vittorio Orlando-Italy; premier Georges Clemenceau - France; President Wilson of America
Women in the military
In World War I was the first war in which women officially served in the armed forces, although only in noncombat positions like nurses, etc
The "Irreconcilables" in the Senate
One group of senators, assailed the League as the kind of "entangling alliance" that the Founders had warned against.
Reparations and $33 billion
Payment by the losing country in a war to the winner for the damages caused by the war; A commission decided that Germany owed the Allies about $33 billion.
Modern Technology (aka modern warfare)
Poison gas, armored tank, aircraft/airplanes, machine guns, and zeppelins.
National War Labor Board (NWLB)
Pressured industry to improve wages, adopt an eight-hour workday, and allow unions the right to organize and bargain collectively; government organization to settle labor disputes without disrupting the war effort.
Selective Service Act of 1917
Provided for the registration of men between ages 21 and 31 for the draft
The Battle of the Argonne Forest
September 26, 1918 - November 11, 1918 It was the largest and bloodiest operation of World War I for American Expeditionary Force and one of the deadliest battles in American history.
The fate of the Treaty of Versailles
The Senate voted in November 1919 and in March 1920, but both times it refused to give its consent to the treaty.
Influenza epidemic of 1918 and 1919
The flu epidemic was not limited to the battlefield. It spread around the world and made more than a quarter of all Americans sick. The disease killed n estimated 25 to 50 million people worldwide, including more than 500,000 Americans.
National self-determination
The free choice by the people of a nation of their own future political status; The right of people to decide how they should be governed
Women in Industry
With so many men in the military, employers were willing to hire women for jobs traditionally held by men.
Wartime Agencies
agencies created by Congress that emphasized cooperation between big business and government
November 11, 1918
day that Germany signed Armistice ending WWI
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war; encouraged to "sell" the war to the American people.
Fuel Administration
government agency created during the war to regulate the use of coal and oil for the war effort
Espionage Act of 1917
made it illegal to aid the enemy or give false reports or interfere in the war effort
Victory Gardens
name given to gardens grown by Americans to deal with the rationing of food; people grow their own food to give theirs to the war efforts
