Management and Organization Test 2 Review
True or false: During the candidate selection process, human resource managers should try to predict how long a candidate will stay in the job. TrueFalse
True
A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control. Multiple choice question. clan market hierarchy adhocracy
clan
The three elements of _________ include wages and salaries, incentives, and benefits.
compensation
The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions is referred to as _________ capital.
human
When an organization evaluates people based on the economic or productive potential of their knowledge, experience, and actions, the organization is viewing them as ______. Multiple choice question. social capital stakeholders a supply chain human capital
human capital
Decision-making styles vary along which two dimensions? (Choose every correct answer.) -Defensive avoidance -Value orientation -Tolerance for ambiguity -Risk multiplication
Value orientation Tolerance for ambiguity
Which of these are common methods for conducting job interviews? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Videoconferencing Written letter Phone call Face to face
Videoconferencing Phone call Face to face
The first stage in the rational decision-making process involves ______.
identifying the problem
Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture. Multiple choice question. formal statements legends and myths rites and rituals slogans and sayings
rites and rituals
A manager who hires all applicants who have graduated from a certain college because a particularly good employee came from that same college is an example of ______.
representativeness bias
The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your ______. Multiple choice question. power delegation responsibility authority
responsibility
______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources. Multiple choice question. Responsibility Power Authority Delegation
Authority
What is the most common type of AI used today?
Automated business processes
When Marissa applied for a position at Blake Products, she was asked to provide the names and telephone numbers of three people who would be able to speak about her work performance at her last job. Which of the following selection tools does this BEST describe? Multiple choice question. Interviewing Performance appraisal Employment tests Background information
Background information
______ is the basic wage or salary paid to employees in exchange for doing their jobs. Multiple choice question. Base pay A benefit A bonus An incentive
Base pay
Rather than holding formal meetings in the board room, Kevin prefers meeting with his group over lunch at a restaurant. He feels that his group opens up more during these lunches and opinions are openly exchanged. Which style of decision making does Kevin use?
Behavioral
Which decision-making style is the most people oriented of the four styles? -Behavioral -Analytical -Directive -Opinion
Behavioral
______ management refers to the activities related to planning for, attracting, developing and retaining an effective workforce. Multiple choice question. Financial Business operations Supervisory Human resource
Human resource
One method of reducing the escalation of commitment is to measure performance against which metric? -Minimum performance targets -Next-closest-competitor performance -Ideal performance targets -Industry leader performance
Minimum performance targets
What are the three forms of interviews? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Conditioned response Behavioral-description Unstructured Situational
Unstructured Behavioral-description Situational
Sam gave employees a 5% raise last year and expects to give the same raise this year, even though it will push his company's salaries above what is normally paid in the industry. This is an example of the ______ bias.
anchoring and adjustment
Dax is an assembly line worker at an automotive plant. He is paid $14.50 per hour. This amount reflects the _______ of Dax's job. Multiple choice question. incentives fringe benefits profits base pay
base pay
During a(n) ______ interview, the interviewer explores what the applicant has actually done in the past. Multiple choice question. orientation situational analysis arbitrage behavioral-description
behavioral-description
Goal ______ occurs when the primary goal is subsumed by a secondary goal.
displacement
A(n) ______ culture values stability and has an internal focus. Multiple choice question. adhocracy clan market hierarchy
hierarchy
The modular structure is oriented around outsourcing certain pieces of a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. organization process industry product
product
If research shows that a particular test measures the same thing consistently, the test has high _______. Multiple choice question. legitimacy modeling validity reliability
reliability
All of the following are advantages to group decision making except ______. -deeper commitment to the decision -superiors dominating or intimidating the group -greater pool of knowledge -different perspectives
superiors dominating or intimidating the group
In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others. Multiple choice question. story symbol ritual hero
symbol
Eileen had provided the weekly inventory report to the management team every Friday for the past four months, but she wasn't able to generate the report last week because she was attending a seminar learning how to use the new inventory software. Her boss sent her an e-mail reminding her of the importance of the report and asking her to be sure and submit it every Friday. This is an example of ______.
the availability bias
During the interview, hiring manager Susan asked job applicants whatever questions popped into her head, with no systematic scoring procedure for their answers. This is an example of a(n) ______ interview. Multiple choice question. structured unfacilitated facilitated unstructured
unstructured
When he applied for a clerical position at Halewood Manufacturing, Tyrone was asked to complete an employment test that assessed his keyboarding skills as well as his mathematical skills. What type of employment test did Tyrone complete? Multiple choice question. Ability test Integrity test Reliability test Personality test
Ability test
When he applied for a clerical position at Halewood Manufacturing, Tyrone was asked to complete an employment test that assessed his keyboarding skills as well as his mathematical skills. What type of employment test did Tyrone complete? Multiple choice question. Reliability test Personality test Integrity test Ability test
Ability test
Organizations often view negative marks on a criminal or financial background check as evidence of what? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Poor character High personal integrity Low trustworthiness High mental agility
Low trustworthiness Poor character
True or false: The availability bias means that your manager may give more weight to your most recent work rather than everything you have done over the course of year.
True
Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. encourage employee productivity introduce new slogans and sayings send a strong message about the culture recreate historical narratives
encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture
Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its ______ values. Multiple choice question. enacted achieved espoused observed
espoused
Scott is a manager at a large electronics company. His primary role within the organization is to plan for the "people needs" of the business, and then attract, develop and retain an effective workforce. Scott is involved in ______ management. Multiple choice question. marketing and sales human resource (HR) strategic production
human resource (HR)
Organizations use ______ such as commissions, profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers. Multiple choice question. givebacks incentives base pay fringe benefits
incentives
Samantha is employed as a sales engineer in a large medical products firm. The _______ of her job include commission on the sales she generates, quarterly performance bonuses, and stock options. Multiple choice question. fringe benefits base pay nonmonetary compensation incentives
incentives
Tests designed to identify people likely to engage in inappropriate, antisocial, or dishonest workplace behavior are known as _______ tests. Multiple choice question. ability integrity reliability performance
integrity
Kevin continuously helps his employees improve their work through the reviewing their performance and providing consequences. These are two steps of _____ management. Multiple choice question. resource absolute cognitive performance
performance
A _____ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback. Multiple choice question. marketing mix performance appraisal mission statement vision statement
performance appraisal
The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performance, monitoring and evaluating performance, reviewing performance, and providing consequences is known as _____. Multiple choice question. development performance appraisal performance management training
performance management
Agreeableness, emotional stability, self-esteem, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are measured on ______ tests. Multiple choice question. ability personality political performance
personality
In order to develop the best customer base it can, Harrison's Gourmet Foods sends out different types of promotional items to see which one garners the best response in terms of customers who will buy once and come back to order again. The information Harrison's receives provides the basis for ______ analytics
predictive
If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them. Multiple choice question. heroes stories rewards rituals
rewards
In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. demonstration performance structure culture
structure culture
The ______ bias is demonstrated when managers add up all the money already spent on a project and conclude it is too costly to simply abandon it.
sunk-cost
You go to the movie theater to see the latest release by your favorite actor. You quickly realize the movie is not very good, but instead of walking out, you stay to watch the rest of the movie, figuring that you've already spent $9.50 for a movie ticket and $6 for popcorn. This is an example of the ______ bias.
sunk-cost
When are directors, managers, and employees most likely to engage in unethical behavior?
When they feel compelled to put company interests ahead of their own sense of right and wrong
A consensus is reached when all members are able to express their opinions ______.
and reach agreement to support the final decision
Ability, performance, and personality tests are three of the most common types of ______ tests. Multiple choice question. marketing employment production service
employment
The tendency of people to view events as being more predictable than they really are is referred to as _______ bias.
hindsight or hind sight
The ______ bias occurs when people's positive feelings about their own decision-making ability is greater than their objective accuracy.
overconfidence
Which of the following are disadvantages associated with group-aided decision making? (Choose every correct answer.) -A few people may influence or intimidate the rest of the group. -The final decision will be based on a small pool of knowledge and a single, narrow viewpoint. -The group may fall into groupthink. -Group members may engage in satisficing to avoid prolonged debate.
-A few people may influence or intimidate the rest of the group. -Group members may engage in satisficing to avoid prolonged debate. -The group may fall into groupthink.
With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency. Multiple choice question. common purpose hierarchy of authority division of labor coordinated effort
division of labor
When people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions, the organization is using a ______ structure. Multiple choice question. matrix divisional functional simple
divisional
Within a boundaryless organization, the ______ structure is also called a network structure. Multiple choice question. hollow virtual supply modular
hollow
______ values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization. Multiple choice question. Basic Artifact Enacted Espoused
Enacted
During his interview at Rickson Electric, Hal was handed a malfunctioning switch, given a toolbox, and asked to fix the switch. What kind of employment test does this describe? Multiple choice question. Personality test Performance test Integrity test Physical ability test
Performance test
Enrique was given an employment test that measured his self-esteem, agreeableness, and desire to perform well at his job. This is an example of what type of employment test? Multiple choice question. Personality IQ Performance Ability
Personality
Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent? Multiple choice question. Formal statements Physical design Stories and legends Rites and rituals
Physical design
Organizations often view negative marks on a criminal or financial background check as evidence of what? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. High personal integrity Poor character High mental agility Low trustworthiness
Poor character Low trustworthiness
How does strategic human resource management view employees? Multiple choice question. Future CEOs Interchangeable work units Strategic assets Potential liabilities
Strategic assets
Although state laws vary, what do employers generally have a right to do? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Maintain a work environment free of drugs and alcohol Test job applicants for use of alcohol Forbid employees from drinking alcohol in their homes Selectively test only a few job applicants for drugs
Test job applicants for use of alcohol Maintain a work environment free of drugs and alcohol
Which of these is another term for hindsight bias? -The "I-knew-it-all-along" effect -The "Easy-come-easy-go" principle -The "Any-time-any-day" principle -The "I-never-would-have-guessed-that" effect
The "I-knew-it-all-along" effect
Minority ________ occurs when a minority in a group publicly opposes the beliefs, attitudes, ideas, procedures, or policies assumed by the majority of the group.
dissent or dissents
As the human resource manager for her firm, Candace is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as _____. Multiple choice question. performance management development job analysis recruiting
recruiting
The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called _____. Multiple choice question. forecasting arbitrage entrepreneurialism recruiting
recruiting
The ______ bias reflects our tendency to generalize from a small sample or single event.
representativeness
Activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in an organization's life are known as rites and ______. Multiple choice question. symbols stories rituals heroes
rituals
When Joe screens job applicants to ensure that he hires the most qualified candidate, he is performing the human resource function known as the ______ process. Multiple choice question. orientation recruitment performance management selection
selection
An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______. Multiple choice question. divisional structure functional structure simple structure matrix structure
simple structure
The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to ______. Multiple choice question. span of control chain of command horizon of specialization hierarchy of authority
span of control
The chain of command within a business is also referred to as the organization's ______ hierarchy of authority. Multiple choice question. flat vertical horizontal diverse
vertical
Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees. Multiple choice question. tall narrow wide short
wide
True or false: Predictive analytics is a groupthink technique.
False
People with a conceptual decision-making style are likely to do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) -Find creative solutions -Act autocratically -Take risks -Rely on intuition -Focus on the facts
Find creative solutions Take risks Rely on intuition
During a performance appraisal, how should feedback be given? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Focus on improving behavior in the future. Focus mostly on analyzing past behavior. Include a discussion of past behavior. Ignore past behavior.
Focus on improving behavior in the future. Include a discussion of past behavior.
______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values. Multiple choice question. Slogans and sayings Stories, legends, and myths Formal statements Rites and rituals
Formal statements
What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure? Multiple select question. A tall hierarchy Authority in a single person Low work specialization A flat hierarchy Dispersed authority
Low work specialization Authority in a single person A flat hierarchy
Identify the types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Modular Mechanistic Virtual Tall Hollow
Modular Hollow Virtual
Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks. Multiple choice question. delegation power groupthink accountability
accountability
A(n) ______ culture values flexibility and has an external focus. Multiple choice question. market adhocracy clan hierarchy
adhocracy
Peter evaluates his sales staff based upon sales volume and gross margin on each sale. This BEST describes ______. Multiple choice question. a subjective appraisal peer reviews a 360-degree feedback an objective appraisal
an objective appraisal
Janice rates her employees based on amount of work performed and promptness in arriving to work on time. Janice is using a(n) ______ appraisal to measure specific, observable aspects of performance. Multiple choice question. goals-based trait behavioral objective
behavioral
People with a(n) ______ decision-making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented. They are efficient, logical, and practical in their approach to solving problems and making decisions. Which style do they use?
directive
The tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them is referred to as the ______ bias.
framing
A(n) ______ interview is one in which the interviewer focuses on hypothetical scenarios, such as "What would you do if a customer used profane language in speaking to you?" Multiple choice question. performance situational behavioral unstructured
situational
During his interview, Mike is repeatedly given hypothetical scenarios and asked how he would respond. This is an example of the interview, _________ a type of structured interview.
situational or situation
Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees. Multiple choice question. stories heroes rituals rites
stories
When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values. Multiple choice question. stories rituals rewards goals
stories
A ______ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value. Multiple choice question. symbol ritual story rite
story
A company's ______ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business. Multiple choice question. strategy culture structure forecast
strategy
Of the following methods, which would be the LEAST appropriate for external recruiting? Multiple choice question. Company bulletin board Newspaper ad Social media College placement office
Company bulletin board
When Kendra's manager asked the team to come up with new ideas for attracting people to their trade show booth, Kendra suggested installing a video game in the booth. Which part of the rational decision-making process does Kendra's idea exemplify?
Think up alternative solutions.
What is the primary goal of the strategic human resource management process? Multiple choice question. To help the company achieve a competitive advantage by keeping labor costs to a minimum To minimize legal risk by ensuring the workplace is as friendly and harmonious as possible To achieve the optimal work performance for supporting the company's mission and goals To teach line managers to perform traditional HR tasks so that the company may ultimately eliminate its human resources department
To achieve the optimal work performance for supporting the company's mission and goals
True or false: CEOs are at a higher risk of being fired for ethical violations than ever before because the public has become less forgiving of unethical behavior.
True
During her interview at Masters International, Johanna was asked several questions inquiring about her past job performance, such as "Can you describe what you did the last time a customer became angry with you?" This suggests that Johanna participated in a(n) _______ interview. Multiple choice question. performance appraisal situational unstructured behavioral-description
behavioral-description
Annie is rated by her manager on a scale in which a "1" represents, "Frequently late and is not prepared for work," and a "5" represents, "Always early and prepared for work." This is an example of a(n) ______-anchored rating scale. Multiple choice question. trait objective peer behaviorally
behaviorally
A(n) ______ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks. Multiple choice question. centralized mechanistic adjustable boundaryless
boundaryless
Tonya decided to purchase a piece of equipment from a domestic company instead of an overseas company despite the domestic company's higher cost and lower quality. Her decision was based on uncertainty that the foreign shipment would meet her production deadline. According to Herbert Simon, Tonya was feeling the effects of ______.
bounded rationality
Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change. Multiple choice question. ceremonies slogans communications stories
ceremonies
An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a ______ structure. Multiple choice question. team-based modular functional matrix
functional
When rivals are focused on winning an argument rather than the goal of a meeting and the topics of the meeting are not discussed, it is an example of ______.
goal displacement
All the following are characteristics of group decision making except ______. -their knowledge counts -their size affects their decision quality -groups make decisions quickly -they may be too confident
groups make decisions quickly
One of the employment tests Jane had to complete as part of the selection process was an online assessment that asked questions such as, "During the past 12 months, have you been given too much change by a cashier and kept the money?" and "How many times did you cheat on an exam during your senior year of high school?" Based on these questions, it would appear that Jane completed a(n) _______ test. Multiple choice question. personality performance integrity ability
integrity
What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit? Multiple choice question. How much the culture of the organization is related to the firm's long-term financial perspective The education level of an individual and its relation to the job or tasks she or he performs at work The degree to which the organization's culture aligns with its strategic context A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization
A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization
Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Excluding responsibility from the organizational structure Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies Minimizing all forms of accountability within an organization
Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies
Which of the following is the newest and least common type of AI used for business needs?
Customer and employee engagement
Which of the following statements concerning criminal and financial background checks for job applicants are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. There is little evidence that criminal background checks adversely affect any racial minority groups. There is substantial evidence that credit scores predict honesty or performance on the job. The validity of financial background checks for predicting job-related outcomes is highly debated. In many states criminal background checks are not allowed for initial job applications.
In many states criminal background checks are not allowed for initial job applications. The validity of financial background checks for predicting job-related outcomes is highly debated.
Which are characteristics of clan culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Encourages collaboration among employees Emphasizes profits over employee development and satisfaction Promotes a feeling of family Structures work environment to aim at effectiveness and efficiency
Promotes a feeling of family Encourages collaboration among employees
Which technique is the most effective when teaching skills such as networking or decision making? Multiple choice question. Using workbooks Role-playing Attending lectures Reading textbooks
Role-playing
Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following? Multiple select question. Rewards Status symbols Stories Rites
Status symbols Rewards
What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design? Multiple choice question. Employees are grouped around regional locations. People with similar occupations are put together. Teams are used to improve collaboration and work. Internal boundaries are strengthened.
Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.
What occurs during a structured interview? Multiple choice question. The interviewer does not speak and allows the candidate to do all of the talking. The interviewer asks different questions of every candidate. The interviewer asks every candidate the same set of questions. The candidate performs a series of tasks and is observed from a remote location.
The interviewer asks every candidate the same set of questions.
"Going with your gut," or ______, is making a choice without the use of conscious thought or logical inference.
intuition
An organization's vertical hierarchy of authority demonstrates: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. different jobs or work specialization who talks to whom the official communication network the organization's chain of command
the official communication network the organization's chain of command who talks to whom
Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being arranges discrete parts of a task done by different people ensures the right people do the right things at the right time coordinates individual efforts into group effort
unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being
While it provides a more accurate assessment of an applicant's job-related personality characteristics, the ______ has been criticized as being overly subjective and more prone to interviewer bias. In addition, its format can cause legal trouble because some questions may be unrelated to the job. Multiple choice question. unstructured interview structured interview performance test background check
unstructured interview
If employers use a test to try to predict future job performance, it is vital that the test have ______ to ensure that it actually measures performance related to the job and is free from bias. Multiple choice question. deniability popularity validity modeling
validity
When she applied for a job as a firefighter, Jill was administered a series of employment tests that measured her strength and stamina in activities such as climbing stairs, dragging weights, and carrying heavy equipment. Which of the following BEST describes the type of employment test Jill had to complete? Multiple choice question. Psychological Personality Ability Aptitude
Ability
Which of the following business needs are typically supported by artificial intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.) -Interviewing potential job candidates -Analyzing data -Automating business processes -Engaging customers and employees
Analyzing data Engaging customers and employees Automating business processes
In which step of the learning and development process does the employer identify what the workers need to learn, so they can help the organization implement its strategy? Multiple choice question. Assessment Implementation Evaluation Selection
Assessment
According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being? Multiple choice question. Division of labor Hierarchy of authority Coordinated effort Common purpose
Common purpose
What is the third stage of the rational model of decision making?
Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.
In which step of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled? Multiple choice question. Evaluation Objectives Assessment Implementation
Evaluation
Which of the following are characteristics of a hierarchy culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. External focus Formalized, structured work environment A variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability Encourages risk taking and customer priority Internal focus
Formalized, structured work environment A variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability Internal focus
During which of the following is positive team spirit and striving for unanimity most likely to lead to poor decision making? -Groupthink -Goal displacement -Brainstorming -Satisficing
Groupthink
Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. HR practices Organizational structure Employee diversity Organizational culture
HR practices Organizational structure Organizational culture
During his interview at Rickson Electric, Hal was handed a malfunctioning switch, given a toolbox, and asked to fix the switch. What kind of employment test does this describe? Multiple choice question. Integrity test Personality test Performance test Physical ability test
Performance test
What is the primary difference between performance appraisals and performance management? Multiple choice question. Performance appraisals are primarily self-directed. Performance appraisals occur infrequently. Performance appraisals involve giving praise. Performance appraisals only occur after an employee has been dismissed.
Performance appraisals occur infrequently.
What approach to hiring is being used when a company has a job opening and makes its current employees aware of the opportunity? Multiple choice question. Job analysis Boomerang Internal recruiting High-performance work systems (HPWS)
Internal recruiting
Which of the following questions is NOT one of the questions used in Bagley's ethical decision tree? -Is the proposed action a benefit to our competitors? -Is the proposed action legal? -Would it be ethical not to take the proposed action? -Is the proposed action ethical? -Does the proposed action maximize shareholder value?
Is the proposed action a benefit to our competitors?
What is the current state of drug and alcohol testing among employers? Multiple choice question. It is required by law. It is becoming less common. It is becoming more common. It is prohibited by law.
It is becoming less common.
Which of the following statements are true regarding a market culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Effectiveness is achieved through the use of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability. Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction. It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time,
It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction. Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time,
Anita asked one of her employees to analyze the production costs of three new product lines. She asked the employee to provide her with a weekly report on the information with a final summation in six weeks. What step of the performance management process is Anita engaging in when she asks for a weekly report? Multiple choice question. Review and manage performance Define and review performance Provide financial consequences Monitor and evaluate performance
Monitor and evaluate performance
Which of these typically takes place in the workplace while employees are performing job-related tasks? Multiple choice question. Off-the-job learning and development Recruitment On-the-job learning and development Simultaneous learning
On-the-job learning and development
What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure? Multiple select question. Who reports to whom Who specializes in what work How things get done How employees are responsible
Who reports to whom Who specializes in what work
Which workplace benefits do younger generations of workers tend to value most? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Retirement plan Flexibility in their jobs Work-life balance Paid vacation
Work-life balance Flexibility in their jobs
All job candidates who are interested in working for Devlin Management must first complete an online form that lists their education, work history, and certifications. This is an example of a(n) ______ form. Multiple choice question. reference application job specification job description
application
Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______. Multiple choice question. celebrating important achievements with activities and ceremonies creating narratives about events that happened in the organization embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements outlining what is important to the organization through its acronyms, sayings, and slogans
embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements
When using the ethical decision tree, management should consider whether a proposed action is both legal and ______.
ethical
An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing. Multiple choice question. symbol norm hero example
hero
When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a ______ structure. Multiple choice question. hollow modular supply virtual
hollow
More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures. Multiple choice question. hierarchy market clan adhocracy
market
The type of organizational culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control is a(n) ______ culture. Multiple choice question. clan adhocracy market hierarchy
market
Employees can learn facts in short bursts of content for a few minutes at a time through a technique called __________
microlearning, micro-learning, or micro learning
When a few members of a group publicly oppose the beliefs, ideas, policies, or procedures assumed by the majority of the group, it is referred to as ______.
minority dissent
In a ______ structure, a firm assembles product components or sections provided by outside contractors. Multiple choice question. modular horizontal hollow virtual
modular
Even though not everyone in the meeting agreed with the final decision, the group decided to proceed and replace all existing machine parts in the warehouse. In this situation, the group had ______.
reached a consensus
Symbols in organizational culture represent ______. Multiple choice question. people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization activities that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize particular values objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others
objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others
The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______. Multiple choice question. observable artifacts vision statements basic assumptions espoused values
observable artifacts
Playing games and doing simulations to learn job related skill sets away from the workplace are examples of _____ learning and development. Multiple choice question. onboarding off-the-job development on-the-job
off-the-job
Before she began interviewing candidates for a sales position, Sonja prepared a written set of questions based on the job description and planned to ask each of the candidates the same questions in order to better compare their answers. Based on this information, it appears that Sonja was planning to conduct a(n) _____. Multiple choice question. structured interview reference check subjective appraisal unstructured interview
structured interview
In organizational culture, enacted values represent the ______. Multiple choice question. explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization physical manifestation of the organization's culture such as awards and decor unobservable core values in the organization that are difficult to change
values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization
Which of these assumptions are made in the rational model of decision making? (Choose every correct answer.) -Managers are able to make logical decisions without prejudice or emotional blind spots. -Managers will be influenced by their own self-interest when choosing among alternative courses of action. -Managers will always select the course of action that they know will most benefit the organization. -Managers will not be limited by time or money constraints when implementing the chosen solution. -Managers have complete, error-free information about alternative courses of action and their consequences.
-Managers are able to make logical decisions without prejudice or emotional blind spots. -Managers will always select the course of action that they know will most benefit the organization. -Managers have complete, error-free information about alternative courses of action and their consequences.
Select the types of organizational design. (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Sectional Traditional Open boundary Horizontal
Open boundary Horizontal Traditional
Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. coordinates individual efforts in an organization into an organization-wide effort is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time is represented by the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people unifies organizational members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being
is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time
List the steps in the performance management process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom. Instructions -Monitor and evaluate performance -Review performance -Provide consequences -Define performance
1. Define performance 2. Monitor and evaluate performance 3. Review performance 4. Provide consequences
As of 2019, benefits accounted for approximately what share of the total compensation offered by private industry? Multiple choice question. 1% 30% 61% 91%
30%
Match the type of employment test with its description. -Ability -Performance -Personality -Integrity -Measures characteristics such as sociability, emotional stability, and independence -Assesses attitude, honesty, dependability, and trustworthiness -Measures factors such as strength, stamina, mechanical aptitude, and cognitive skills -Measures an applicant's execution of various work tasks
Ability- Measures factors such as strength, stamina, mechanical aptitude, and cognitive skills Performance- Measures an applicant's execution of various work tasks Personality- Measures characteristics such as sociability, emotional stability, and independence Integrity- Assesses attitude, honesty, dependability, and trustworthiness
Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture? Multiple choice question. Structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness and efficiency Driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results, productivity, and profits Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes Best suited to companies that have established a stable market
Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes
______ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy. Multiple choice question. Modification Assimilation Delegation Accommodation
Delegation
Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures Higher market share in clan and market cultures Stronger quality and innovation in hierarchy cultures Higher market share in adhocracy cultures More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures Higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures
Higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures Higher market share in clan and market cultures Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures
Which of the following statements regarding horizontal design are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Workgroups are used to improve collaboration Cross-functional teams are eliminated Internal boundaries are broken down This design is also called a team-based design
Internal boundaries are broken down Workgroups are used to improve collaboration This design is also called a team-based design
Match the type of divisional structure with its definition. Product division Customer division Geographic division -Groups activities around defined regional locations -Groups activities around common clients or customers -Groups activities around similar services and/or products
Product division -Groups activities around similar services and/or products Customer division -Groups activities around common clients or customers Geographic division -Groups activities around defined regional locations
According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. A freelance graphic designer The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat A food cart outside a sports stadium run by a single individual
The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat
According to Bagley, what should businesspeople use as a guide for making good ethical decisions?
Their own sense of right and wrong
Why are objective appraisals harder for employees to challenge legally? Multiple choice question. They are not subject to personal bias. They are protected under current labor laws. They are performed anonymously. They are performed by the employees themselves.
They are not subject to personal bias.
Match the element of compensation with its description. -Wages or salary -Incentives -Benefits - Additional nonmonetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans - Monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs - Inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive
Wages or salary- Monetary payments to employees in exchange for doing their jobs Incentives- Inducements to attract and retain top performers or induce employees to be more productive Benefits- Additional nonmonetary forms of compensation such as health insurance, vacation and retirement plans
In organizational culture, rites and rituals represent ______. Multiple choice question. processes by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required by the organization people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize a particular value
activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life
Functional organizational structures: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. put employees with diverse occupational specialties together in formal groups. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups. group activities around similar customers or clients.
are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups.
Functional organizational structures: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. put employees with diverse occupational specialties together in formal groups. group activities around similar customers or clients. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups. are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations.
are common in both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups.
As a finalist for a management position with Emerson Mechanical, Caitlin participated in a two-day review of her management capabilities. She was required to go through a series of group and individual exercises designed to simulate the conditions of the job in order to determine whether she had the necessary skills and abilities. This BEST describes a(n) _____. Multiple choice question. assessment center Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality test integrity test
assessment center
Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____. Multiple choice question. incentives base pay benefits wages
benefits
Nicole receives ______, such as sick-leave days, vacation days, and free parking, from her employer. Multiple choice question. wages incentives benefits bonuses
benefits
The concept that suggests that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by constraints such as complexity, skills, time, and money is known as _________ rationality.
bounded, bounding, or bound
A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is called hierarchy of authority or ______. Multiple choice question. span of control chain of command division of labor strategic management
chain of command
In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor. Multiple choice question. span of control coordinated effort division of labor hierarchy of authority
coordinated effort
Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______. Multiple choice question. unifies employees and gives them a shared understanding of the organization's reason for being is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time materializes in discrete parts of a task done by different people in the organization is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort
is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort
In organizational culture, a story is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. object or action that is used to convey an organization's most important values narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value process by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required to participate as organizational members activity or ceremony that celebrates important accomplishments in the organization's life
narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value
A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. Multiple choice question. organization team culture adhocracy
organization
A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart. Multiple choice question. organizational values networking mission
organizational
Bagley's decision tree is specifically designed for use when ______.
making ethical choices
Evidence-based decision relies on ______.
observations about what actually works
Situations that present possibilities for exceeding existing goals are known as ______.
opportunities
Ryan learns that distribution problems caused a competitor's sales to fall in his region. He decides to take advantage of the situation by adding a salesperson to capture some of the competitor's lost business. Ryan is demonstrating how a(n) ______ affects decision making.
opportunity
You fall prey to the overconfidence bias when you ______ your knowledge or expertise in a decision situation. -ignore -underestimate -overestimate -accurately estimate
overestimate
Which one of the following best describes the decisions made by a person with an analytical style? -Carefully considers lots information and alternatives -Autocratic, action oriented, and decisive -Supportive of others and receptive to suggestions -Frequently relies on intuition and good at finding creative solutions
Carefully considers lots information and alternatives
Which type of bias is described by the tendency of decision makers to classify people or information based on observed or inferred characteristics?
Categorical thinking
Which decision-making style is characterized by a high tolerance for ambiguity and the consideration of many options together with a willingness to take risks?
Conceptual
Tyler has never gotten along with his employee Marcus. Although Marcus has been a top performer during his three years with the company, Tyler tends to fixate on the one quarter when Marcus performed poorly. Tyler uses that quarter as an example of Marcus being a "poor fit" with the company. What type of bias is this an example of?
Confirmation
Which of the following are examples of what can function as the first stage in rational decision making by managers? (Choose every correct answer.) -Sales shortfalls -Low staff turnover -Poor product quality -Customer complaints
Customer complaints Sales shortfalls Poor product quality
Jackson likes to hear the facts of a situation and make a quick decision based on these facts. His employees say he likes to focus on the here and now and doesn't consider future repercussions of his decisions. What type of decision-making style does Jackson use?
Directive
Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making? -Satisficing -Groupthink -Intellectual stimulation -Goal displacement
Intellectual stimulation
When making decisions for her department, Ellie tends to take a long time because she takes into consideration a large amount of information. What type of decision-making style does Ellie demonstrate?
Analytical
What type of bias refers to the tendency to make decisions based on an initial figure that may or may not be in line with market realities?
Anchoring and adjustment
What is the most valuable competitive resource for a manager who needs alternative solutions to a problem?
Employees with ideas
When decision makers increase their commitment to a project despite negative information about it, they are experiencing which type of bias? -Representativeness -Availability -Confirmation -Anchoring and adjustment -Escalation of commitment
Escalation of commitment
"Close enough is good enough" best characterizes which model of decision making?
Satisficing
Which model of decision making emphasizes choosing the first solution that meets the criteria rather than the optimal choice?
Satisficing
Successful implementation of major decisions requires which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) -Sensitivity to those affected by the decision -Ignoring ethical dilemmas -Careful planning -Reliance on the easy way out of the problem
Sensitivity to those affected by the decision Careful planning
Which model of decision making acknowledges that uncertainty and risk make it difficult for managers to make optimal decisions?
The nonrational model
Which model of decision making explains how managers should use logic to determine the optimal means of furthering the organization's best interests?
The rational model
The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit. Multiple choice question. role work organization industry
organization
Which of the following questions would you use to evaluate alternatives in the third stage of the rational model of decision making? (Choose every correct answer.) -Is it profitable? -Is it ultimately effective? -Is it creative? -Is it ethical? -Is it feasible?
Is it ultimately effective? Is it ethical? Is it feasible?
In a recent team meeting, Terry agreed to vote in favor of rearranging the office so long as his desk would be near a window. Which negative method of achieving consensus does this illustrate?
Log rolling
Which models are characteristic nonrational models of decision making?
Models that describe how managers actually make decisions
Which of these are examples of business analytics? (Choose every correct answer.) -Marketing plans -Portfolio analysis -Advertising campaigns -Groupthink -Time-series forecast
Portfolio analysis Time-series forecast
Evidence-based management attempts to introduce which factor into the decision-making process?
Rationality
Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Rituals Decorations Values Sales Awards
Rituals Awards Decorations
In which of the following ways are companies using AI to help with customer and employee engagement? (Choose every correct answer.) -To address product and service issues -To assist with password reset requests -To answer technical support questions -To take specialty product orders
To address product and service issues To assist with password reset requests To answer technical support questions
True or false: A decision tree is an analytical tool that can help managers understand the possible consequences of their decisions and to create a plan to reach a goal.
True
An online retailer uses complex data-mining software to evaluate the preferences and buying habits of its customers and makes decisions based on these findings. This is an example of the use of ______ in the decision-making process. -analytics -ethics -intuition -satisficing
analytics
The ______ bias occurs when people seek data to support their point of view and disregard information that does not support it.
confirmation
A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______. Multiple choice question. attitude policies culture demeanor
culture
"Throwing good money after bad" characterizes the ______ bias.
escalation of commitment
Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the ______. Multiple choice question. least observable elements of the culture explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers values and norms actually exhibited in the organization physical elements such as awards and rituals
explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers
Bob was unsure how his boss was going to react to his proposal, so he was careful to put an upbeat "spin" on the situation to emphasize the positive aspects rather than the negative aspects. Bob's method of presenting the situation demonstrates the ______ bias.
framing
In organizational culture, a hero is a(n) ______. Multiple choice question. narrative that is repeated to emphasize a particular value activity or ceremony that celebrates important occasions in the organization's history person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values process by which people learn the organization's required values, norms, and behaviors
person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values
The rational model of decision making is considered ______ in that it describes how managers should make decisions rather than how they actually make them.
prescriptive
Which techniques are effective ways to reduce the escalation of commitment? (Choose every correct answer.) -Encourage managers to become ego-involved with their projects. -Set minimum performance targets and compare performance results. -Rotate managers in key positions during a project. -Make decision makers aware of the costs of persistence.
-Set minimum performance targets and compare performance results. -Rotate managers in key positions during a project. -Make decision makers aware of the costs of persistence.
Which of these are reasons for the increase in ethical violations among business leaders in the 21st century? (Choose every correct answer.) -The 24/7 news cycle places more scrutiny on unethical behavior. -Globalization allows businesses to operate in regions where ethical risks are greater. -Digital communications are more susceptible to hackers and whistleblowers. -It has become customary for business leaders to self-report unethical behavior.
-The 24/7 news cycle places more scrutiny on unethical behavior. -Globalization allows businesses to operate in regions where ethical risks are greater. -Digital communications are more susceptible to hackers and whistleblowers.
What are three characteristics that affect decision making by a group? (Choose every correct answer.) -The fact that groups tend to make bad decisions -The efficiency of the group -The knowledge of group members -The size of the group -The gender differences present in the group
-The knowledge of group members -The efficiency of the group -The size of the group
Organizational culture: (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. -is the social glue that binds members of the organization together -is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring -represents beliefs and values shared among workers -encompasses beliefs, knowledge, and behavior patterns, but not values -is written down clearly in the organization's code of conduct -helps employees understand why the organization does what it does
-is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring -helps employees understand why the organization does what it does -represents beliefs and values shared among workers -is the social glue that binds members of the organization together
List the steps of the rational model of decision making in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom. -Think of alternative solutions. -Identify the problem or opportunity. -Implement and evaluate the solution chosen. -Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.
1. Identify the problem or opportunity. 2. Think of alternative solutions. 3. Evaluate alternatives and select a solution. 4. Implement and evaluate the solution chosen.
What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives? Multiple choice question. Employee resistance Inadequate funding Executive interference Improper execution
Improper execution
A person's decision-making style is a combination of how a person perceives something as well as ______.
how they respond to it
In the fourth stage of rational decision making, managers will ______.
implement and evaluate the chosen solution
Sam is an experienced firefighter who must act quickly and decisively to do his job. He frequently relies on his ______ to make decisions when there is not time for rational analysis.
intuition