Management ch4
24) Which of the following was a feature of the period from the late 1980s to the late 1990s in terms of workplace diversity? A) shifting from compliance and focusing only on women and minorities to including everyone B) focusing on complying with laws and regulations, such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act C) seeing workplace diversity as a core business issue, important to achieve business success, profitability, and growth D) developing corporate programs to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse individuals so they can "fit in"
A
33) Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is attributed to organizational performance? A) reduced costs associated with high turnover and absenteeism B) potential source of competitive advantage from improved innovation efforts C) increased understanding of the marketplace and improved ability to better market to diverse customers D) ability to attract and retain employees of diverse backgrounds
A
52) Which of the following diversity factors has been called the "last acceptable bias"? A) sexual orientation B) gender identity C) religious belief D) ethnic origin
A
72) Executives at Macromix have initiated a diversity skills training program to educate employees about the importance of diversity at the workplace. Which of the following should be the first step to be implemented in the program? A) making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have B) teaching people specific skills on how to communicate effectively with their fellow employees C) increasing employees' sensitivity and openness to those who are different from them D) training employees on how to work effectively in a diverse work environment
A
23) During which era was the term "workforce diversity" first used? A) new millenium B) late 1980s C) 1960s to 1970s D) early 1980s
B
28) Which of the following demographic characteristics reflects surface-level diversity? A) differences in values B) ethnicity C) personality D) work preferences
B
35) Which of the following correctly reflects the characteristics of the current U.S. population? A) Nearly one in five Americans today is an immigrant. B) The median age of the U.S. population has risen significantly over the last decade. C) The Asian population in the United States is presently the largest ethnic group. D) The Hispanic community represents nearly one-third of the total U.S. population.
B
36) Which of the following statements is true of the changing trends in U.S. workplaces? A) The surge in immigration, especially over the last two decades, has flooded the United States with low-wage foreign labor. B) Organizations must recognize that they can't expect employees to assimilate into the organization by adopting similar attitudes and values. C) In most U.S. metropolitan cities, more immigrants are employed in low-wage jobs like construction, cleaning, or manufacturing, than in white-collar occupations. D) People now entering the workforce are significantly older, less ethnically diverse and/or natively-born.
B
46) ________ is the biological heritage (including physical characteristics such as one's skin color and associated traits) that people use to identify themselves. A) Nationality B) Ethnicity C) Culture D) Race
D
37) The total world population in 2012 is estimated to be over 7 billion individuals. The total world population is forecasted to hit 9 billion by 2050, at which point the United Nations predicts the total population will either stabilize or peak after growing for centuries at an ever-accelerating rate. The main reason for this major shift is ________. A) the unprecedented rate at which world population is aging B) the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically C) the high level of mobility of the international workforce across national borders D) the alarming rate of depletion of natural resources necessary for sustaining the population
B
40) Which of the following perceptions do employers typically have of older employees? A) lack of sound judgment B) resistant to new technology C) weak work ethic D) uncommitted to doing quality work
B
44) Which of the following managerial styles is traditionally considered to be masculine? A) nurturing B) leading by example C) collaborative D) inclusive
B
58) What type of discrimination is said to have occurred when certain actions taken by representatives of an organization deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance? A) exclusion B) discriminatory practices or policies C) incivility D) intimidation
B
59) What type of discrimination are older workers in an organization subjected to if they are laid off for being highly paid and having lucrative benefits? A) incivility B) intimidation C) discriminative policies D) exclusion
C
47) ________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population. A) Race B) Ancestry C) Nationality D) Ethnicity
D
62) As a form of discrimination, incivility is said to occur when ________. A) an employee is excluded from job opportunities or social events B) an employee belonging to a specific group is overtly threatened or bullied C) an employee's opinions are consciously ignored D) an employee is denied equal opportunity to perform
C
26) The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________. A) business etiquette B) work culture C) workplace diversity D) organizational democracy
C
29) Amanda works as a technical support executive at ColoWare Systems. Which of the following factors, if true, could trigger certain stereotypes about Amanda among her co-workers, though not necessarily reflecting the way they feel or think about her? A) Amanda does not believe in engaging in gossip about her coworkers. B) Amanda prefers working late every evening to working over the weekend. C) Amanda has a Swedish mother and an African American father. D) Amanda tends to dominate discussions among her co-workers.
C
45) Which of the following managerial styles is traditionally considered to be feminine? A) authoritative B) leading by example C) inclusive D) being directive
C
65) Ang Li emigrated from Hong Kong to study business at the Tri-Valley University in California. However, he has found it rather hard to move up in his managerial career at his workplace especially when compared to how his fellow graduate from Tri-Valley, American-born Adam Watson, has managed to become the regional manager of sales in the company. This suggests the presence of ________ in Li's organization. A) goldbricking B) a self-serving bias C) a glass ceiling D) forced retention
C
66) The meaning of "glass" that is used in the term "glass ceiling" signifies ________. A) the gulf in opportunities and rewards afforded to male and female employees that can be "seen through" easily B) that the perceived barrier to top management positions is brittle and vulnerable to changes at the topmost organizational levels C) that whatever is blocking the way for women to attain top management positions is not immediately apparent D) that organizations maintain a transparent ethos when defining management roles assigned to male and female employees
C
70) ________ is a process whereby an experienced organizational member provides advice and guidance to a less-experienced member. A) Delegating B) Integration C) Mentoring D) Assimilation
C
71) Which of the following is the first step in a diversity skills training program? A) teaching people specific skills on how to communicate effectively with their fellow employees B) increasing employees' sensitivity and openness to those who are different from them C) making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have D) training employees on how to work effectively in a diverse work environment
C
32) Which of the following people management benefits arises from workplace diversity? A) improved system flexibility B) potential to increase market share C) increased understanding of the marketplace D) better use of employee talent
D
22) Jeff is an employee with the accounting department at a major shipping service provider in Texas. Soon after he joined following his graduation, his company developed corporate programs to help improve self-confidence and qualifications of diverse employees so they could "fit in." During which period of time did Jeff start working for his employers? A) new millenium B) 1960s to 1970s C) early 1980s D) late 1980s to late 1990s
CB
21) The period of time between the 1960s to 1970s focused on ________. A) assimilating minorities and women into the corporate setting B) making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others C) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth D) complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs
D
25) In terms of workplace diversity, the New Millenium has witnessed increased focus on ________. A) complying with laws and regulations laid down by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission B) assimilating minorities and women employees into the corporate setting C) shifting from compliance to include everyone in diversification efforts D) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth
D
27) According to the Society for Human Resource Management, diversity ________. A) is the collective strength of experiences, skills, talents, perspectives, and cultures that each agent and employee brings to his/her organization B) refers to the ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another C) is an array of physical and cultural differences that constitute the spectrum of human differences D) is often used to refer to differences based on ethnicity, gender, age, religion, disability, national origin, and sexual orientation
D
31) Differences arising from which of the following factors becomes more important to people as they get to know each other? A) gender B) ethnicity C) race D) personality
D
50) Which of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees? A) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins. B) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts. C) Employees with disabilities are exempt from potential disciplinary action and there are high costs associated with accommodating disabled employees. D) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.
D
53) U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of ________. A) race B) religion C) age D) sexual orientation
D
11) Worldwide population trends indicate that we will witness dwindling labor supply and increasing total global savings rates.
F
14) Research indicates that men tend to prefer jobs that encourage work-life balance more than women do.
F
15) Men are found to follow a nurturing, inclusive, and collaborative style of leadership, in contrast to women.
F
17) Employers are justified if they do not hire workers with disabilities as they lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts.
F
19) Men are more likely than women to start out in an entry-level position, even when they have the same educational qualifications.
F
4) Deep-level diversity refers to easily perceived differences that may trigger certain stereotypes, but that do not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel.
F
6) An important impact that workplace diversity has on organizational performance is through the increase in employee turnover.
F
10) People aged 65 and older are expected to soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in history.
T
12) Employers generally tend to view older workers as not being flexible or adaptable and being more resistant to new technology.
T
13) Women and men now each make up almost half of the workforce in the United States.
T
16) In the job setting, African Americans are found to receive lower job performance ratings, be paid less, and be promoted less frequently than their White counterparts.
T
18) U.S. federal law does not prohibit discrimination against employees on the basis of sexual orientation.
T
20) Our human nature is to not accept or approach anything that's different from us.
T
3) Demographic characteristics such as differences in age, gender, race, etc. reflect surface-level diversity among employees.
T
5) Recent research indicates that people management benefits might be hard to come by in teams performing more interdependent tasks over a long period of time.
T
7) One of the strategic benefits of workplace diversity is that it can be viewed as moral and ethical, as well as the "right" thing to do.
T
9) The main reason for the predicted stabilization of world population growth by 2050 is the decline in birthrates as nations advance economically.
T
38) Which of the following trends has been observed in the world population in terms of aging? A) People aged 65 and older will soon outnumber children under age 5 for the first time in history. B) The world's population aged 80 and over is projected to decrease 233% by 2040. C) The world's population is growing older, but at a slower rate than it did in comparison with the previous two centuries. D) As nations have advanced economically, birthrates have increased in proportion to the growing world population.
A
39) Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that people aged 65 or more will soon outnumber those aged 5 or less. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends? A) decreasing demands on social entitlement programs B) increasing global savings rates C) dwindling labor supply D) decreasing preference for white-collar occupations
C
41) What positive perception do employers typically have of older employees? A) enthusiastic towards new technology B) open to change C) strong work ethic D) flexible and adaptable
C
43) In which of the following areas are consistent male-female differences observed? A) problem-solving ability B) sociability C) work schedule preferences D) competitive drive
C
48) Which of the following racial groups have been the focus of most race and ethnographic studies of workplace diversity in the United States? A) Hispanics and Asians B) Whites and Native Americans C) African Americans and Whites D) Asians and African Americans
C
56) Judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs is known as ________. A) integration B) assimilation C) stereotyping D) dimunition
C
8) According to projections of the U.S. population, the ethnic groups that will exhibit the maximum change are the Hispanic and African American populations.
F
42) Which of the following statements is true of gender diversity in workplaces? A) No consistent male-female differences exist in problem-solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation, sociability, or learning ability. B) Today, men make up nearly two-thirds of the workforce, while women account for the remaining third. C) Affirmative action policies have resulted in women, generally, starting their careers at higher levels than men. D) Despite the disparity in representation in the workforce, women earn nearly as much as men do on a median basis.
A
54) ________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology. A) Bias B) Logic C) Impartiality D) Reasoning
A
55) ________ refers to a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people. A) Prejudice B) Impartiality C) Equanimity D) Objectivity
A
60) What type of discrimination usually involves jokes or negative stereotypes being perpetrated about fellow employees? A) mockery and insults B) discriminatory policies C) exclusion D) intimidation
A
69) Which of the following provisions was introduced by the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009? A) changing the statute of limitations on pay discrimination to 180 days from each paycheck B) prohibiting differences in amount of pay for equal work based on gender of employees C) prohibiting the practice of forced retirement of most employees D) giving individual employees the right to sue their employers for punitive damages
A
49) Which of the following statements is true of the findings of studies on race and ethnicity in the workplace? A) Whites favor affirmative action programs and policies to a far greater degree than do African Americans. B) African Americans generally do worse than Whites in decisions related to the workplace. C) Individuals in workplaces tend to favor colleagues of a race other than their own in performance evaluations, promotion decisions, and pay raises. D) Whites and African-Americans display statistically significant and consistent differences in absenteeism rates, applied social skills at work, and accident rates.
B
68) Which of the following legislations gives individuals the right to sue for punitive damages? A) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B) Civil Rights Act of 1991 C) Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 D) Mandatory Retirement Act of 1978
B
73) Groups made up of employees connected by some common dimension of diversity are known as ________. A) employee work councils B) employee resource groups C) employee assistance teams D) employee care programs
B
30) How does surface-level diversity differ from deep-level diversity? A) Surface-level diversity is reflected by differences in personality and values, while deep-level diversity is influenced by age and ethnic differences. B) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people view organizational rewards and their communication with others, while deep-level diversity does not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel. C) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at work. D) Surface-level diversity becomes more important as people get to know each other, while deep-level diversity becomes less relevant with increasing familiarity between people.
C
34) Which of the following benefits of workplace diversity is categorized as strategic? A) better use of talent B) improved system flexibility C) potential to improve market share D) reduced costs associated with high turnover
C
51) Lulumelon owns a chain of fashion stores that serve men, women, and children clothing categories. Jay, a motor accident victim with an amputated leg, applies for a position at one of the stores in an upmarket location. Which of the following assumptions by Lulumelon would prevent them from hiring him? A) Most workers with disabilities require no accommodation but for those who do, more than half of the workplace modifications cost $500 or less. B) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance is concerned. C) There is no set of guidelines on how to take any potential disciplinary action with disabled employees. D) Absentee rates for sick time are virtually equal between employees with and without disabilities.
C
57) Discrimination refers to ________. A) a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people B) a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology C) judging a person based on a perception of a group to which that person belongs D) someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice
D
61) Which of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of exclusion? A) Older workers may be targeted for layoffs because they are highly paid and have lucrative benefits. B) African American employees at some companies have found nooses hanging over their work stations. C) Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequately address their comments. D) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion.
D
63) Which of the following examples would be considered appropriate stereotyping? A) assuming women to be particularly bad drivers B) bracketing working mothers as not being committed fully to their jobs C) assuming red-haired people have rather nasty tempers D) asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem
D
64) In workplace parlance, the term "glass ceiling" refers to ________. A) the perceived difference in cognitive abilities between male and female employees B) the theoretical organizational level beyond which no discrimination exists C) the cumulative difference between opportunities and rewards offered to male and female employees D) the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions
D
67) Which of the following is the best description of the provisions of the Civil Rights Act, Title VII? A) prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses B) prohibiting discrimination against employees aged 40 or over C) prohibiting the forced retirement of most employees D) prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, or gender
D
1) The concept of workforce diversity expanded from compliance to an issue of business survival during the early 1980s.
f
2) Workplace diversity refers exclusively to the differences between employee characteristics.
f