management midterm

a creative mind; English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist; considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence, but never recognized in his home country because of his homosexuality

Alan turing

refers to programs an employer uses to supplement employees' compensation; paid time off, medical insurance, company car, alternative work schedules, counseling, vacation and sick time

benefits

a well motivated workforce can provide several advantages:

better productivity lower level of absenteeism lower level of staff turnover

group decision making process in which negative feedback on any suggested alternative by an group member is forbidden until all members have presented alternatives they perceive as valuable

brainstorming

a group decision making process in which negative feedback on any suggested alternative by any group member is forbidden until all members have presented alternatives they perceive as valuable

brainstorming technique

what is a single-use financial plan that covers a specified length of time. It details how funds will be spent on labor, raw materials, capital goods, marketing, etc.

budget

how is it called a formal statement that acts as a guide for the ethics of how people within a particular organization should act and make decisions?

code of ethics

a formal group that is outlined in the chain of command on an organization chart

command group

formal groups are divided into two groups:

command groups task groups

a group of individuals charged with performing a type of specific activity

committee

two formal groups that are often established in organizations are

committees and work teams

ability to communicate is referred to as the fundamental management skill

communicate to influence

the process of sharing information with other individuals

communication

the skill most responsible for a manager's success

communication

refers to the exchange in monetary terms to the work performed by the employee and is paid by the employee (wage, salary, tips)

compensation

which are the sources outside the organization?

competitors employment agencies readers for certain publications educational institutions

which are the four sources outside the organization

competitors employment agencies readers for certain publications educational institutions

as a strategic HR what can you do to motivate your workers

develop merit, incentive, bonus programs create recognition and review programs

by developing a product or products that customers perceive as being dfiferent from products offered by competitors the organization can become more competitive

differentiation

focuses on making an organization more competitive by its developing a product or products that customers perceive as being different from products offered by competitors

differentiation

the act of treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of stereotypes and prejudices

discrimination

_______ training is a learning process to manage a diverse workforce

diversity

refers to characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and experiences they have in society

diversity

a component of organizational culture that encourages the existence of basic human differences among organization members

diversity dimension

a learning process designed to raise managers' awareness and develop their competencies to deal with the issues endemic to managing a diverse workforce

diversity training

the assignment of various portions of a particular task among a number of organization members

division of labor

an orientation characterized by the desire to preserve the status quo is

hoarding orientation

T/F? organizing doesn't maintain relationships among all organizational resources

false

brainstorming doesn't have group members meet face to face (T/F)

false

a strategy that emphasizes making an organization more competitive by targeting a particular customer

focus

managers use their authority to declare that conflict is ended

forcing

the process of predicting future environmental happenings that will influence the operation of the organization

forecasting

groups that exist within an organization by virtue of management decree to perform tasks that enhance the attainment of all organization objectives; these groups are consciously created to serve an organizational objective (ex. airline crew)

formal groups

defined as the relationship among organizational resources as outlined by management; represented by the organization chart

formal structure

the level of an organization's external environment that contains components having broad, long term implications for managing the organization

general environment

to perform an environmental analysis the environment of the organization is generally divided into three distinct levels:

general environment operating environment internal environment

since the interactions of gender, class and racio-ethnicity are embedded in culture and are not fixed or universal, but dynamic and specific to time and place, it is essential to study these differences in their ___________ and _________ contexts in order to design appropriate change interventions

geopolitical, cultural

is a metaphor used to represent an invisible barrier that keeps women and minorities from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy

glass ceiling

what is the role of the manager

guiding organizations toward goals

leaders tend to be focused on coordination and organization; culture characterized by an internal focus along with an emphasis on stability and control, critics argue that the control and rigidity of the model stifle creativity and employee initiative

hierarchy culture

orientation characterized by the desire to preserve the status quo as much as possible; accept little outside help and isolate themselves from others

hoarding orientation

an aspect of organizational culture that encourages the application of new ideas to improve organizational processes, products or services

innovation dimension

defined as the steps managers take to implement creative ideas

innovation process

if you want good quality products you hire inspectors to make sure an operation is producing at the desired quality level

inspection

the ability to mange people during implementation

interacting skill

targets to be achieved in one to five years

intermediate term objectives

process of transmitting information to others.

interpersonal communication

why does organizational culture matter in business?

it influences the behavior of everyone within an organization influences the way people carry out organizational processes and can create immense pressure on organizational members to act in ways consistent with the culture can increase organizational productivity. organization members become more productive as organizational culture increases the emphasis on such factors such as rewarding performance and setting goals

who created the concept of level 5 leadership

jim collins

a __________ communicates job content to employees

job description

a list of specific activities that must be performed by whoever holds the position

job description

cares about and focuses on the people who do the job leading emphasizes behavioral issues a subset of management

leader

the process of directing the behaviors of others toward the accomplishment of an objective. one of the main activities of the influencing subsystem

leadership

at this level you make high quality contributions with your work. You possess useful levels of knowledge and you have the talent and skills needed to do a good job

level 1: highly capable individual

at this level you use your knowledge and skills to help your team succeed. you work effectively, productively, and successfully with other people in your group

level 2: contributing team member

at this level you're able to organize a group effectively to achieve specific goals and objectives

level 3: competent manager

the category most top leaders fall into. here at this level you're able to galvanize a dept or organization to meet performance objectives and achieve a vision

level 4: effective leader

at this level you have a ll the abilities needed for the other four levels, plus you have the unique blend of humility and will required for true greatness

level 5: great leader

a successful coaching leader:

listens closely gives emotional support and personal encouragement shows by example what constitutes appropriate behavior

targets to be achieved in five to seven years

long term objectives

aimed at keeping an organizations facility and equipment functioning at predetermined work levels

maintenance control

third stage in career evolution in which individuals who are 45 to 65 years old show either increased performance, stabilized performance, or decreased performance

maintenance stage

refers to that group of people in the organization who hold most of the positions that command decision making power

majority group

___________ groups are those which hold most of the positions that command decision making ________, control of resources and information and assess to system rewards

majority, power

makes sure a job gets done much broader in scope than is leading

manager

power derived from a mangers relationship with others

personal power

promotes the welfare of others through generous monetary donations to social causes

philanthropy

what are three things recruiters do:

pin point sources of human resources must know where to recruit appropriate people must know what kinds of strategies to use to attract job applicants

during the Roman Empire romans built the colosseum, which one of the management functions did they undertake at the beginning?

planning

the process of determine how the organization can get where it wants to go and what it will do to accomplish its objectives

planning

what are the 4 management functions

planning organizing influencing controlling

three standing plans

policies procedures rules

a standing plan that furnishes broad guidelines for taking action that is consistent with reaching organizational objectives

policy

power derived from the organizational position a manager holds

position power

total power of a manger is made up of two different kinds of power:

position power personal power

the most important human related variable in the control process is...

power

a preconceived judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue behavior or group of people

prejudice

unearned advantages are a form of privilege or oppression

privilege

standing plan that outlines a series of related actions that must be taken to accomplish a particular task

procedure

sustainable organizations increase profit, technology, and ________

productivity

the employment of ethical business practices can enhance overall corporate health in three important areas:

productivity, stakeholder relations, and government regulation

dolce and gabbana didn't pay attention to diversity in its advertisement in china. what happened to their profits

profits decreased

a single use plan that is designed to carry out a special project within an organization; not intended to exist over the entire life of the organization but rather achieve a purpose that will contribute to the organization's long term success

program

routine and receptive and the organization typically develops specific ways to handle such decisions

programmed decision

two single use plans

programs budgets

in their research gender differences at work: experiencing human resource management policies in Lebanese firm, Hussein and lama aim to?

provide a picture of the current work condition of disabled workers in a middle eastern country

the process of determining appropriate courses of action for achieving organizational objectives and thereby accomplishing the organizational purpose

strategy formulation

involves putting formulated strategies into action

strategy implementation

SWOT analysis means

strengths weaknesses environmental opportunities threats

refers to the designated relationships among resources of the management system

structure

refers to an interpersonal communication situation in which the information the source intends to share with the destination and the meaning the destination derives from the transmitted messages are the same

successful communication

what is the primary mechanism managers use to activate plans?

the organizing function

why does motivation matter in business

the performance of employees is a product of both their abilities (skills and experience) and motivation

what is an informal structure within an organization

the system of network of interpersonal relationships that exists within the organization

in 'Gender Trouble' Butler argues that gender is

performative

tends to be shaped by social relationships, individual norms and values

informal structure

involves circulating questionnaires on a specific problem among group members, sharing the questionnaire results with them and then continuing to recirculate and refine individual responses until a consensus regarding the problem is reached

Delphi technique

when individuals reach a state of harmony and understanding because they are engaged in achieving their full potential

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

which one of the following statements is an unhealthy stereotype of the 'man box'

a manly man doesn't spend too much time on his look and should always act as a breadwinner

which of the following statements is an unhealthy stereotype for women in leadership?

a powerful woman who shows no emotion and keeps it hyper-professional is icy and unfeminine. She is generally single and lonely

what is a management?

a process or series of continuing and related activities involves and concentrates on reaching organizational goals reaches these goals by working with and through people and other organizational resources

when the interpretation of the message is different from what was intended

aberrant decoding

flexibility, lack of structure; contrasts with a bureaucracy, promotes creativity. One will find few rules/procedures in this culture; critics argue lack of defined leadership can lead to a chaotic environment in which responsibilities aren't well understood and important tasks can remain uncompleted

adhocracy culture

brainstorming advantage and disadvantage

advantage: encoring the expression of as many useful ideas as possible disadvantage: wasting the group's time on ideas that are wildly impractical

Delphi advantage and disadvantage

advantage: ideas can be gathered from group members who are too geographically separated or busy to meet face to face. disadvantage: members are unable to ask questions of one another

nominal group technique advantage and disadvantage

advantage: its secret ballot offers a structure in which individuals can support or reject an idea without fear disadvantage: group members have no way of knowing why individuals voted the way they did

the ability to provide the organizational resources necessary to implement a strategy

allocating skills

who is Judith butler

an American philosopher and gender theorist

who is a change agent?

an individual inside or outside the organization who tried to modify the existing organizational situation

how can you reduce resistance to change

avoid surprises promote genuine understanding set the stage for change establish a trial period

managers simply ignore the conflict

avoiding

why are organizational groups important?

because the most common ingredient of all organizations is people

barriers faced by many asian Americans in the professional arena such as stereotypes and racism

bamboo ceiling

many organizations establish this to assist organization members to act in ways that are consistent with the accepted values

code of conduct

whenever managers implement ________, they should be concerned about the ______ the changes may be creating

changes, stress

the process of modifying an existing organization to increase organizational effectiveness

changing an organization

culture that has shared values and goals, teamwork; seems much like that of a family, promotes empowerment and loyalty that will drive productivity and business success, leaders are seen more as mentors and parent figures than bosses, can suffer from lack of diversity and the naturing environment can lead employees to be less productive

clan culture

according to holvino and Castro (2-15): formal and informal organizational practices are embedded in an already ________, _________, and _____________ societal context and culture

classed, raced, gendered

leadership that instructs followers on how to meet the specific organizational challenges they face

coaching

identifies inappropriate behavior in followers and suggests how they might correct that behavior, operates like an athletic coach

coaching leader

the parties to the conflict settle on a solution that gives both of them part of what they wanted

compromising

last management function; the ability to use information and technology to ensure that an event occurs as it was planned to occur

controlling

why are the classical motivation theories being questioned by critical management scholars

conventional motivation theories can be identifies as managerialist: motivation theories are predominantly western in origin and individualism pervades motivation theory

It involves encouraging the completion of individual portions of a task in a synchronized order that is appropriate for the overall task.

coordination

a managerial activity aimed at bringing organizational performance up to the level of performance standards; focuses on correcting the organizational mistakes that hinders organizational peformance

corrective action

is wide ranging control aimed at keeping organizational costs at planned levels

cost control

a strategy that focuses on making an organization more competitive by its producing products more cheaply than competitors can

cost leadership

the capacity to combine existing ideas together in new arrangements; determines how flexibly and imaginatively individuals approach problems

creative thinking

the ability to generate original ideas or new perspectives on existing ideas; involves seeing issues from different angles and breaking away from old rules

creativity

who coined the concept of intersectioanlity

crenshaw

a choice made between two or more available alternatives

decision

last stage in career evolution which involves people about 65 years old whose productivity is declining

decline stage

what is the last stage in career evolution

decline stage

ethical managers are characterized by fairness and justice. What do they use as a major guide when making business decisions?

ethics

what are the components normally considered part of the general environment

economic, social, political, legal, and technological

managers with high levels of emotional intelligence are likely to be successful because they are likely to create an organization culture characterized by trust, learning, informations haring, and risk taking

emotional intelligence

the study of the organizational environment to pinpoint environmental factors that can significantly influence organizational operations

environmental analysis

when managers need to understand what is happening both inside and outside their organizations, which analysis will they need to undertake

environmental analysis

second stage in career evolution during which individuals about 25 to 45 years old start to become more productive or higher performers

establishment stage

the capacity to reflect on values in the corporate decision making process, to determine how these values and decisions affect various stakeholder groups and to establish how managers can use this observations in day to day company maangement

ethics

a facet of organization culture that focuses on making sure an organization emphasizes not only whats good for the organization but also whats good for other human beings

ethics dimension

who are those who are willing to steal ideas as necessary to make good decisions and build their organizations on others ideas

exploitative decision makers

decision makers with this orientation believe that the source of all good is outside themselves and are willing to steal ideas as necessary to make good decisions

exploitative orientation

first stage in career evolution which occurs at the beginning of a career and is characterized by self-analysis and the exploration of different types of available jobs

exploration stage

Firms use LATERAL subdivisions within the organization

horizontal dimension

what are the four basic types of organizational resources

human monetary raw materials capital

the ability to take actions that increase the contributions of individuals within an organization

human resource management

refers to individuals within the organization who make valuable contributions to management system goal attainment

human resources

three skills are important for management performance: technical, conceptual, and __________

human skills

what are some strategies that can help prevent unwanted stressors in an organization?

implement stress management courses create an organizational climate that is supportive of individuals make jobs interesting design and operate counseling programs

organizational members who don't make valuable contributions to the attainment of management system objectives

inappropriate human resources

managers build sustainable organizations to

increase profit, productivity and innovation

in applying intersectionality in organizations: inequality makers, cultural scripts and advancement practices in a professional service firm", Castro and Holvino (2017) stress that career trajectories and advancement in a Mexican firm are over-determined by:

individual employees lived identities sand work interactions shaped by those identities

involves focusing on organization members as people and dealign with such issues as morale, arbitration of conflicts, and development of good, working relationships

influencing

defined as a collection of individuals whose common work experiences result in the development of a system of interpersonal relations

informal groups

is the system of network of interpersonal relationships that exists within the organization's formal structure

informal structure

a type of corporate culture that emphasizes competitiveness not only between the organization and competitors but also between employees; the most aggressive and capitalistic of the 4 common corporate culture models; employers are encouraged to set difficult goals and strive to achieve them

market culture

decisions makers who view themselves as commodities that are only as valuable as the decisions they make

marketing-oriented

is an organizational structure in which each individual reports to more than one supervisor or leader

matrix management

before managers can determine what must be done to make an organization more effective and efficient, they must measure current organizational performance

measuring performance

refers to that group of people in the organization who lack critical power, resources, acceptance, and social status

minority group

a written document developed by managers that describes and explains the mission of the organization is called a

mission statement

the ability to use information to determine whether a problem has arisen that is blocking strategy implementation

monitoring skill

what are the basic steps in conducting a social audit

monitoring, measuring, and appraising all aspects of an organization's social responsibility performance

what are the reasons why companies offer benefits

most benefits aren't taxed so they represent a more valuable reward to employees than an equivalent cash pay and some add value to the employee without additional costs for the employer

people are creative when they are ________ by personal interests, satisfaction and the challenge of work

motivated

the inner state that causes an individual to behave in a way that ensures the accomplishment of some goal. it explains why people act as they do

motivation

if companies buy blood diamonds are they following a code of ethics

no

process designed to ensure each group member has equal participation in making the group decision; each group member writes down idea then presents and chooses it with a secret ballot

nominal group technique

a one shot decision is a non programmed or programmed deciison

non programmed decision

sharing information without words (gestures, vocal tones, fascial expression) they can also be used to add meaning to verbal messages

nonverbal communication

intermediate term objective are targets to be achieved in

one to five years

a group qualifies as a team ______ if its members focus on _________ one another accomplish organizational objectives

only, helping

the ability to modify an organization to enhance its contribution to reaching company goals

organizational change skill

how members of an organization experience the culture of an organization; based on psychology

organizational climate

the set of assumptions, beliefs, values and norms that are shared by an organization's member, can be thought of as the personality of the organization

organizational culture

the target toward which the open management system is directed

organizational objective

is what the organization exists to do, given a particular group of customers and customer needs

organizational purpose

raw materials are _________

organizational resources

why are benefits important?

organizations want to attract the best candidates and increase employees motivation and satisfaction

process of establishing orderly uses for resources within the management system

organizing

the ability to create throughout the organization a network of people who can help solve implementation problems as they occur

organizing skill

classes of exceptions where aberrant decodings could have happened

people who didn't share the same language people trying to interpret meanings of past cultures people who came from different cultures

an element of organization culture that focuses on making sure a product, in the opinion of the customer, does what its supposed to do

quality dimension

the initial attraction and screening of the supply of prospective Human Resources available to fill a position; purpose is to narrow a large field of prospective employees to a small group from which someone will eventually be hired

recruitment

what are the four sequential steps managers follow to provide appropriate Human Resources to fill both managerial and nonmanegerial openings

recruitment selection training performance appraisal

what are the five main steps of the organizing process

reflect on plans and objectives establish major tasks divide major tasks into subtasks allocate resources and directives for subtasks evaluate results of organizing strategy

both managers and employees should examine their own thoughts honestly and should reach a mutually agreed upon related strategy

resolving

process that pairs a senior employee with a junior employee for the purpose of transferring work skills such as internet skills from the junior employee to the more senior employee

reverse mentoring

a standing plan that designates specific required action; indicates what an organization member should or should not do

rule

recruiters need to choose an individual to hire from all those who have been recruited

selection

place high value on service to others over their own self interests, maintain that Human Resources are the most valuable resources in organizations and constantly strive to transform their followers into wiser individuals

servant leader

a leadership philosophy in which the main goal of the leader is to serve

servant leadership

what is a key component of diversity planning

setting goals for the recruitment of members of underrepresented groups

targets to be achieved in one year or less

short term objectives

a plan used only once or at most a few times because it focuses on unique or rare situations within the organization

single use plan

the process of measuring the present social responsibility activities of an organization to assess its performance in this area

social audit

the managerial obligation to take action that protects and improves both the welfare of society as a whole and the interests of the organization

social responsibility

the degree of effectiveness and efficiency an organization displays in pursuing its social responsibilities

social responsiveness

interpersonal communication process must have 3 basic elements

source/encoder the signal (a message) the decoder/destination

an aspect of organizational culture that encourages organization members to integrate spiritual and work life; listening to worship music, performing mediation, having objects int he workplace as reminders of ones spiritual beliefs

spirituality dimension

level of activity established to serve as a model for evaluating organizational performance

standard

a policy: is it a standing or a single use plan?

standing plan

a procedure: is it a standing or a single use plan

standing plan

plan used over and over again because it focuses on organizational situations that occur repeatedly

standing plan

a positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attributes

stereotype

the last step of the strategic management process, consists of monitoring and evaluating the strategic management process as a whole to ensure that it is operating properly

strategic control

process of ensuring that an organization possess and benefits from the use of an appropriate organizational strategy

strategic management

the long range planning that focuses not he organization as a whole

strategic planning

an organization that has the ability to meet its present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

sustainable organization

a short range planning that emphasizes the current operations of various parts of an organization

tactical planning

a formal group of organization members who interact with one another to accomplish most of the organization's non routine tasks. Although these groups are usually made of members of the same organizational level, they can consist of people from different levels int he organizational hierarchy

task groups

a group whose members influence one another toward the accomplishment of organizational objecgtives

team

definition of division labour

the assignment of various portions of a particular task among a number of organization members

are assessment centers a place or a program

they are programs in which participants engage in and are evaluated on a number of individual and group exercises constructed to stimulate important activities at the organizational level to which aspire

why should managers spend time evaluating the changes they want to make

they need to determine whether the steps taken to make the change should be modified to increase organizational effectiveness the next time those steps are used

what is the affirmative purpose of planning

to increase the degree of organizational success

what is the protective purpose of planning

to minimize risk by reducing the uncertainties business conditions and clearing the consequences of related management actions

what is the purpose of recruitment?

to narrow a large field of prospective employees to a relatively small group of individuals from which someone eventually will be hired

the process of developing qualities in Human Resources that will enable them to be more productive

training

what is the process of developing qualities in Human Resources that will enable them to be more productive

training

leaders who create a vision of what the organization should be, build commitment to that vision through the organization, facilitate organizational changes that support the vision

transformational leaders

the individual at the top possesses the most authority

vertical dimension

T/F: 'Gender' can impact the workplace

true

an Italian novelist, literacy critic, philosopher, semiotician and university professor who said aberrant decodings were rare in preindustrial societies when most communication occurred between people who shared the same culture

umberto eco

typically a one shot decision that is usually less structured than a programmed decision

unprogrammed decision

it uses either spoken or written words to share information with others

verbal interpersonal communication

when does resistant to change occur within an organization

when organization members are afraid fo reduction in personal prestige/personal failure bc of their inability to carry out new job responsibilities/a disturbance of established social and working relationships

the employee who reports the alleged activities

whistle blower

the act of an employee reporting suspected misconduct or corruption believed to exist within the organization

whistle blowing

in their research gender differences at work: experiencing human resource management policies in Lebanese firm, Hussein and Lama (2015) show that

women's expectations at work were met to a larger extent than mens in Lebanon

task groups and problem solving teams, they usually meet weekly to discuss ways to improve quality and efficiency

work teams

what does it happen if a job is extremely specialized and boring?

workers feel like they are treated like machines

what refers to individuals being isolated or excluded socially and having their work efforts devalued?

workplace bullying

does planning focus on the organization as a whole

yes

can privilege and oppression change from one locality to another

yes they can