Management Optional Final

In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________. A) change champions B) change masters C) change agents D) change generators

C

Jack moved to China to manage his company's production facility there. Immediately he instituted the company practice of recognizing an employee of the month. The Chinese employees were horrified. Why might this be so? A) The company culture was stronger than their national culture. B) Each employee took the competition seriously and wanted to win the recognition. C) The employees are acting on their national cultural behavior patterns. D) None of them wanted to lose face by not being recognized.

C

Kelly was hired as a customer care executive by a telecommunications provider during a period when they were extremely short-staffed. Her employers soon realized that she was impatient, easily irritated, and lacked motivation. They even began to receive complaints about her behavior from angry customers. In hiring Kelly, her employers were guilty of a(n) ________. A) reject error B) omission error C) accept error D) admission error

C

If mortgage interest rates increase, this would be an example of changing ________ conditions in a firm's external environment. A) political B) financial C) economic D) sociocultural

C

________ should be sold off or liquidated as they have low market share and low growth potential. A) Stars B) Question marks C) Dogs D) Cash cows

C

In 1984 Toyota and General Motors formed a company called NUMMI to build cars carrying both the General Motors and Toyota brands. NUMMI is an example of a(n) ________. A) global venture B) equity strategic alliance C) joint venture D) nonequity strategic alliance

C

In the decision-making process, while ________, the decision maker puts the decision into action by conveying it to those affected by it and getting their commitment to it. A) implementing an alternative B) selecting an alternative C) analyzing alternatives D) evaluating a decision's effectiveness

A

James has calculated the possible profits from three different scenarios for the expansion of his restaurant, each for a different amount of advertising and promotion. He has chosen to implement the scenario that offers the greatest profit. James has decided to ________. A) maximax B) minimin C) minimax D) maximin

A

Koko is offered a chance to help direct the efforts of some employees assigned to his work group. This is a chance for Koko to experience ________. A) authority B) leadership C) responsibility D) command

A

Large organizations tend to have more ________ than smaller organizations. A) specialization B) autonomy C) span of control D) decentralization

A

The CEO of MindWerks must understand the industry in which his business competes, the future of that industry, and the competition. This requires strong ________ skills. A) conceptual B) controlling C) interpersonal D) technical

A

The ________ method of performance appraisal allows the evaluator to rate employees on an incremental scale. A) graphic rating scale B) multiperson comparison C) management by objective D) behaviorally anchored rating scale

A

The ________ occurs when decision makers select and highlight certain aspects of a situation while excluding others. A) framing bias B) confirmation bias C) availability bias D) representation bias

A

The original source of an organization's culture usually reflects ________. A) the vision or mission of the organization's founder B) the composition of its productive workforce C) the degree of success that the organization has achieved D) the present conditions in which the organization functions

A

The process by which managers ensure that they have the right number and kinds of capable people in the right places and at the right times is known as ________. A) human resource planning B) performance planning C) human capital management D) performance management

A

Theodore and James decide to enter into an agreement with a firm in Europe allowing them to use the rights to their software, brand name, and software specifications in return for a lump sum payment. The firm is a service organization that plans to use the software to assist its customers. Their agreement is a(n) ________. A) franchise agreement B) export agreement C) licensing agreement D) import agreement

A

Tom is responsible for project managers who supervise others who perform manual work. He reports to a vice president on another continent. Tom is a ________. A) middle manager B) nonmanager C) first line manager D) top manager

A

When the price of beef skyrockets, consumers switch to pork and chicken. This demonstrates ________. A) the threat of substitutes B) the bargaining power of buyers C) the threat of new entrants D) the bargaining power of suppliers

A

Which of the following is a strength of the simple structures? A) It is inexpensive to maintain. B) It remains appropriate even as the organization changes as it grows. C) Employees are grouped with others who have similar tasks. D) It focuses on results.

A

Which of the following is an aspect of intuition? A) experience-based decisions B) programmed decisions C) quality-initiated decisions D) science-based decisions

A

Which one of the following is an example of a material artifact or symbol? A) The offices of upper management are carpeted; the offices of administrative personnel have tile floors. B) The lines on the parking lot are repainted every year. C) The company sponsors a local youth sports team. D) Incoming calls are answered by a live person.

A

Which one of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of exclusion? A) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion. B) Older workers may be targeted for layoffs because they are highly paid and have lucrative benefits. C) Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequately address their comments. D) African American employees at some companies have found racist graffiti in their work areas

A

Which one of the following is considered to be the last stage of group development for permanent work groups? A) performing B) adjourning C) storming D) norming

A

Which one of the following represents one of the challenges of management? A) having to deal with a variety of personalities B) creating an environment in which organizational members can do their best work C) helping others find meaning and fulfillment in their work D) influencing organizational outcomes

A

________ refers to gathering information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them. A) Competitor intelligence B) Value analysis C) Data aggregation D) Due diligence

A

________ takes place when a company combines with other companies in different, but associated, industries. A) Related diversification B) Vertical integration C) Horizontal integration D) Stabilized diversification

A

A ________ is an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. A) social entrepreneur B) whistle-blower C) philanthropist D) sustainability contractor

A

A written statement that explains the job content, environment, and conditions of employment is called a ________. A) job description B) job specification C) job preview D) job manual

A

Bill Sanderson, a manager in a manufacturing firm in New York has a tendency to view the world only through his U.S.-based perspective. What can be deduced about his attitude? A) He has a parochialistic attitude. B) He has an elitist attitude. C) He has a geocentric attitude. D) He has a polycentric attitude.

A

Calvin's goals for the coming year include specific targets for increasing market share and quantity of units shipped. If he succeeds, he will be handsomely rewarded. If he fails, he is likely to be replaced. Judging from this, it would appear that Calvin's employer subscribes to the ________. A) omnipotent view of management B) symbolic view of management C) omniscient view of management D) impotent view of management

A

Every fast food hamburger restaurant chain wants you to believe their product is the best because it is stored or prepared uniquely. Each of these is pursuing a ________. A) differentiation strategy B) quality strategy C) low cost leadership strategy D) focus strategy

A

If the components in an organization's environment exhibit minimal change, such an environment is said to be ________. A) volatile B) simple C) dynamic D) stable

D

Organizational change is any alteration of ________. A) structure, management, or goals B) technology, goals, or management C) rules, procedures, or management D) people, structure, or technology

D

A good mentor will ________. A) groom the protégé for higher-level positions with the firm B) provide constructive criticism to the protégé C) introduce the protégé to influential managers within the firm D) promote the protégé for assignments outside the protégé's regular duties

B

A manager's analysis of the external environment can be improved by ________, which involves screening information to detect emerging trends. A) critical path analysis B) environmental scanning C) social screening D) environmental activism

B

A procedure is ________. A) an explicit statement that tells a manager what can or cannot be done B) a series of sequential steps a manager uses to respond to a structured problem C) subject to the interpretation of the decision maker D) used mainly for unstructured, rather than structured, problems

B

Abigail is shopping for a new copier for her company. She has set her price range between $5,000 and $6,000. The copier must handle a minimum of 10,000 copies per month and have a useful life expectancy of five years. If Abigail selects the first copier she finds that meets these criteria, we would say she is ________. A) using bounded rationality B) satisficing C) using intuition D) using perfect rationality

B

An organization brings together members from various departments such as marketing, accounting, human resources, and finance to form a team. This is an example of a ________ team. A) functional B) cross-functional C) self-managed D) problem-solving

B

Bryan must select a new supplier for lighting fixtures for his company's mobile homes. He has decided quality is more important than price but price is more important than lead times. Bryan will use these priorities to ________. A) analyze alternatives B) allocate weights to the criteria C) develop alternatives D) set his decision criteria

B

Short-term plans are those covering ________ or less. A) five years B) one year C) six months D) three years

B

Structured problems align well with which type of decisions? A) analogous B) programmed C) nonlinear D) organic

B

The acceptable standards or expectations that are shared by a group's members are referred to as ________. A) morals B) norms C) criteria D) affiliations

B

When a totally new product, such as Blu-Ray years ago, is introduced, it would be considered a ________ according to the BCG matrix. A) dog B) question mark C) cash cow D) star

B

When the Pinto cars made by Ford were increasingly involved in fatal rear-crash accidents, Ford officials made a decision to discontinue that model. Their decision was a(n) ________ change. A) proactive B) reactive C) retroactive D) inactive

B

Whereas ________ is concerned with the means of getting things done, ________ is concerned with the ends, or attainment of organizational goals. A) efficiency; experience B) efficiency; effectiveness C) effectiveness; efficiency D) effort; efficiency

B

Which of the following groups includes individuals who were born between the years 1978-1994? A) the Baby Boomers B) the Gen Y-ers C) Pre-Millennials D) the Gen X-ers

B

Which of the following is a competitive force under Porter's five forces model? A) vertical integration B) threat of new entrants C) past rivalry with competitors D) bargaining power of distributors

B

Which one of the following is an advantage of being a first mover? A) certainty over the direction of technology and market B) opportunity to begin building customer relationships C) low development costs D) no financial or strategic risks

B

Which one of the following reflects the way goals are used in an MBO program? A) Goals are used to broadly set the direction subject to encourage interpretation by individual managers. B) Apart from being used to ensure that employees are doing what they are supposed to be doing, goals are used as a motivating tool for employees. C) Goals are used to compare organizational performance year over year. D) Goals are used to prepare financial budgets for each unit.

B

More than a hundred years ago, Henri Fayol proposed that managers performed five functions. They were ________. A) planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling B) organizing, directing, coordinating, evaluating, and controlling C) planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling D) planning, organizing, directing, evaluating, and controlling

C

The ________ describes how decision makers fixate on initial information as a starting point and then, once set, fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. A) selective perception effect B) confirmation bias C) anchoring effect D) framing bias

C

The manager of an apparel store estimates how much to order for the current spring season based on last spring's sales figures. The store manager is operating under which of the following decision-making conditions? A) uncertainty B) structure C) risk D) certainty

C

The period of time from the 1960s to 1970s focused on ________. A) making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others B) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth C) complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs D) assimilating minorities and women into the corporate setting

C

The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________. A) work culture B) organizational democracy C) workplace diversity D) business etiquette

C

When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products, it is ________. A) meeting its social obligation B) following ISO 9000 standards C) being socially responsive D) meeting its social screening requirements

C

When supermarkets and other retailers use scanners that provide instant inventory information, they are adopting ________ changes. A) efficiency B) structural C) technological D) people

C

Which of the following is an example of a formal group? A) people who assemble in the company library to read B) a group of employees who meet after work to play basketball C) a functional department in an organization D) a group of employees attending a colleague's wedding

C

Which one of the following is a strategy for managing cultural change? A) Allow subcultures to flourish. B) Keep the same stories and rituals. C) Redesign socialization processes to align with the new values. D) Support employees who remain devoted to the old values

C

Which one of the following represents an important constituent of a small-town bake shop selling desserts and coffee? A) the local campus of the community college B) the state department of revenue C) the bakery's regular customers D) wheat farmers in Kansas

C

________ as a source of recruitment is limited to entry-level positions. A) The Internet B) Employee referrals C) College recruiting D) Professional recruiting organizations

C

________ has been described as the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organization members act. A) Corporate hierarchy B) Industrial psychology C) Organization culture D) Business configuration

C

________ involves defining the organization's goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate work activities. A) Logistics B) Execution C) Planning D) Operations

C

________ is a process that helps new employees learn the organization's way of doing things. A) Transculturation B) Enculturation C) Socialization D) Inculcation

C

Alfredo believes that the CEO is no better than the janitor of the organization and neither should receive preferential treatment. Using the GLOBE model, what can we infer about Alfredo's culture? A) Alfredo's culture is low in power distance. B) Alfredo's culture is high in assertiveness. C) Alfredo's culture is high in power distance. D) Alfredo's culture is low in low in humane orientation

A

An organization's culture can be perpetuated by ________. A) selecting candidates for employment who share the organizations values B) taking advantage of employees' suggestions for improvement C) displaying artifacts that exemplify the culture D) expecting managers to produce results

A

At the Saturn plant in Smyrna, Georgia, groups of employees decided how their work would be done, by whom, and with what resources. These groups were given authority to decide who became members and to release any member who did not meet performance standards. Saturn had instituted a(n) ________ structure. A) team B) virtual C) boundaryless D) project

A

Functional-level strategy directly supports the ________. A) competitive strategy B) corporate strategy C) concentration strategy D) operating strategy

A

Group cohesiveness is most likely to produce strong increases in productivity when ________. A) the group's goals align with the organization's goals B) it reduces social loafing in the group C) group members respect and uphold the group norms D) cohesiveness reduces internal strife

A

Harley Davidson makes motorcycles but in its retail stores it also sells clothing, motorcycle accessories, jewelry, and many related products carrying the Harley trademarks made by other companies. Harley Davidson is engaging in ________. A) licensing B) exporting C) franchising D) global sourcing

A

Her instincts told her the group was heading in a very wrong direction but Natalie didn't want to cause a scene by disagreeing, especially when she was apparently the only one with reservations. Natalie has succumbed to ________. A) groupthink B) social loafing C) groupshift D) group norms

A

Melamark's advisor on global affairs is concerned that ________ carries too much risk. A) setting up a foreign subsidiary B) franchising C) a joint venture D) a strategic alliance

A

Peggy is a party animal, loud, friendly, bluntly outspoken. Al is quiet, tactful, and clearly disapproving of Peggy's lifestyle. It's no wonder the two do not work well together. This is a type of ________ conflict. A) relationship B) task C) process D) interpersonal

A

Recruitment is the process of ________. A) locating, identifying, and attracting capable applicants B) moving employees laterally to reduce intra-organizational supply-demand imbalances C) screening job applicants to determine who is the best D) selecting candidates to fill open positions

A

Studying the external environment allows a manager to understand the ________ and ________ for the organization. A) opportunities; threats B) threats; weaknesses C) strengths; weaknesses D) strengths; opportunities

A

Which one of the following is true of the impact of formal planning on organizational performance? A) Formal planning is associated with positive financial results. B) Organizations that formally plan invariably outperform those that don't plan. C) Companies can start seeing the impact of formal planning on performance about a year after starting the planning process. D) The amount of planning done is more important to high performance than the quality of planning and implementation.

A

Which one of the following most accurately reflects the difference between strong cultures and weak cultures? A) Company values are more deeply held and widely shared in strong cultures than in weak cultures. B) Strong cultures have less influence on employee behavior than do weak cultures. C) Strong cultures tend to encourage employees to try new approaches to changing conditions, while weak cultures do not. D) In strong cultures, organizational values are held by top management, while in weak cultures, values are diffused throughout the organization.

A

Which one of the following refers to independent formal groups whose members, in addition to their regular jobs, take on traditional managerial responsibilities, such as hiring, planning and scheduling, and evaluating performance? A) self-managed teams B) cross-functional teams C) command groups D) task groups

A

________ departmentalization is based on the product or customer flow through the organization. A) Process B) Product C) Customer D) Functional

A

________ is an Internet-based learning where employees participate in multimedia simulations or other interactive modules. A) E-learning B) Mobile learning C) Videoconferencing D) Podcasts

A

________ is the degree to which decision making takes place at upper levels of the organization. A) Centralization B) Formalization C) Departmentalization D) Decentralization

A

In highly ________ organizations, there are explicit job descriptions, numerous organizational rules, and clearly defined procedures covering work processes. A) departmentalized B) formalized C) specialized D) decentralized

B

If human resource planning shows a surplus of employees, management can reduce the organization's workforce through ________. A) increased workweeks B) reduced job sharing C) decruitment D) recruitment

C

If top management set a goal that each store in the company should have sales equal to or greater than $100 per square foot per day, this would be an example of ________. A) a directional plan B) a financial goal C) a strategic goal D) a strategic plan

B

________ represent basic convictions about what is right and wrong. A) Beliefs B) Dogmas C) Principles D) Values

D

In ________, goals set by top managers flow down through the organization and become subgoals for each organizational area. A) traditional planning B) traditional goal setting C) management by observation D) management by objectives

B

In comparison to large groups, small groups ________. A) have longer norming processes B) are faster at completing tasks C) are better at obtaining diverse input D) have shorter group tenure

B

A ________ is an organizational design that groups similar or related occupational specialties together. A) matrix structure B) functional structure C) simple structure D) divisional structure

B

A ________ states the minimum qualifications that a person must possess to successfully perform a given job. A) job description B) job specification C) job preview D) job analysis

B

A(n) ________ attitude is the view that employees in the host country know the best practices for running their operations. A) regiocentric B) polycentric C) geocentric D) ethnocentric

B

All other things being equal, the wider or larger the span of control, the more ________ an organization is. A) rigid B) cost efficient C) mechanistic D) ambitious

B

An assessment that defines jobs and the behaviors necessary to perform them is known as a ________. A) job specification B) job analysis C) job description D) job preview

B

An individual who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals is ________. A) a laborer B) a manager C) a salesperson D) an assembly line worker

B

Ang Li has found it rather hard to move up in her managerial career at her workplace especially when compared to how fellow graduate from Tri-Valley, Adam Watson, has managed to become the regional manager of sales in the company. This suggests the presence of ________ in Li's organization. A) stereotyping B) a glass ceiling C) goldbricking D) a self-serving bias

B

Asch's experiment, which used lines of varying lengths to test group behavior, has shown the existence of ________. A) role conflicts B) workplace conformity C) group norms D) social loafing

B

Employees were paid and evaluated based on quantity of output so it expected the continuous improvement team to meet during the two daily 15-minute breaks. The only space available for these meetings was the noisy breakroom. Then management wondered why the group was not producing results. The most likely reason is ________ A) a poor strategy for managing quality B) external conditions imposed on the group C) a lack of resources within the group D) a lack of group cohesiveness

B

Establishing strategies for achieving organizational goals is a part of the ________ function. A) organizing B) planning C) leading D) coordinating

B

Garrett looked at the list of orders for the coming week and made out the production schedule. He has done this so many times he could do it in his sleep. This situation represents a(n) ________. A) programmed problem B) structured problem C) unstructured problem D) linear problem

B

Garth hosts his first regional sales meeting during which he meets individually with his employees and shows them a chart of their sales numbers for each month compared to their budgeted quota for the year to date. Additionally, Garth and each employee set mutually agreed-upon budget goals for the remaining six months of the fiscal year. Wade is utilizing the ________ method of performance appraisal. A) BARS B) MBO C) multiperson comparison D) critical incident

B

In the beginning, all employees at Bob's Welding performed whatever task was needed. Now the employees have gravitated to specific sets of tasks. Some use only stick welders; some weld only on aluminum. We can infer that as his business has grown, it has become more ________. A) organic B) specialized C) centralized D) formal

B

Individuals have the tendency to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. Which one of the following concepts relates most closely to this behavior? A) nonconformity B) social loafing C) role conflict D) role ambiguity

B

John is a candidate for an automotive mechanic's position. He is asked to deconstruct and reconstruct part of an engine motor to demonstrate his skill. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) aptitude test B) performance-simulation test C) psychometric test D) intelligence test

B

Organizations need change because ________. A) employees get bored with the status quo B) external and internal factors create the forces for change C) the environment is stable D) the future is unpredictable

B

Part of Jose's company's business plan involves setting up a foreign subsidiary. This arrangement involves ________. A) Jose's company giving the foreign subsidiary the right to use its brand name B) directly investing in a foreign country C) making products domestically and selling them abroad D) minimum global investment

B

Technical skills include ________. A) experience gained by experiments that are used in performing managerial tasks B) job specific knowledge needed to proficiently perform work tasks C) skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations D) the ability to work well with individuals and groups

B

The advantages of operating globally include ________. A) higher stock trading prices B) higher profits C) lower employee turnover D) higher employee satisfaction

B

When uncertainty is high, plans should be ________ and ________. A) directional; standing B) specific; flexible C) short-term; directional D) general; informal

B

Which of the following is an example of a cultural variable that fosters innovation? A) low specialization B) low external controls C) high job security D) abundant resources

B

Which of the following statements is true concerning problem identification? A) Problems are generally obvious. B) Effectively identifying problems is not easy. C) Generally, what is a problem for one manager is a problem for all other managers. D) A symptom and a problem are one and the same.

B

Which one of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees? A) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts. B) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance. C) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins. D) Employees with disabilities are exempt from potential disciplinary action, and there are high costs associated with accommodating disabled employees.

B

Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, or a short paid leave of absence. A) manipulation and co-optation B) facilitation and support C) coercion D) negotiation

B

Which one of the following types of global organizations reflects the geocentric attitude? A) regional organization B) transnational organization C) global company D) multidomestic corporation

B

________ are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. A) Middle managers B) Top managers C) Research managers D) Production managers

B

________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy. A) Role ambiguity B) Role conflict C) Role demand D) Role overload

B

________ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others in the organization to initiate changes that will create a viable and valuable future for the organization. A) Strategic competence B) Strategic leadership C) Strategic flexibility D) Strategic management

B

________ measures the strength of a person's convictions. A) Locus of control B) Ego strength C) Social desirability D) Moral development

B

A ________ is a formal statement of an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow. A) vision statement B) mission statement C) code of ethics D) values statement

C

A standing plan is ________. A) a flexible plan that sets out general guidelines for company strategy B) a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation C) an ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly D) a plan that stands in place of a preferred plan in case of the failure of the latter

C

Carol's Ceramics sells items it buys from ceramic factories. If Carol's were to purchase one of these factories, it would be engaging in ________ integration. A) horizontal B) concentrated C) backward vertical D) forward vertical

C

Executives at Macromix have initiated a diversity skills training program to educate employees about the importance of diversity at the workplace. Which one of the following should be the first step to be implemented in the program? A) training employees on how to work effectively in a diverse work environment B) increasing employees' sensitivity and openness to those who are different from them C) making employees aware of the assumptions and biases they may have D) teaching people specific skills on how to communicate effectively with their fellow employees

C

From a business perspective, a company's ability to achieve its business goals and increase long-term shareholder value by integrating economic, environmental, and social opportunities into its business strategies is known as ________. A) universality B) equitability C) sustainability D) accountability

C

Google has often been cited as a model for employee satisfaction. Google takes extensive care to ensure employees have the best available conditions to perform, ranging from free snack bars, free massages, innovation rooms, spas-on-site, and many more such measures. Which dimension of organizational culture is Google said to emphasize through such measures? A) attention to detail B) aggressiveness C) people orientation D) stability

C

How can managers identify the ethically questionable applicants even before they become part of the workforce? A) by performing background checks B) by favoring candidates who come with a reference from existing employees C) by including integrity testing in the selection process D) by requiring letters of recommendation

C

If Google asks 25 members of its executive team to spend a full day during their annual team-building retreat building a house in Las Vegas with Habitat for Humanity, the executives would be engaging in employee ________. A) whistle-blowing efforts B) administering efforts C) volunteering efforts D) entrepreneuring efforts

C

"We can't stop now. We've already invested $100,000 in the project." This speaker is acting on the ________. A) availability bias B) anchoring effect C) representation bias D) sunk costs error

D

A ________ economy is one in which resources are primarily owned and controlled by the private sector. A) planned B) command C) democratic D) free market

D

A low-to-moderate level of task conflict consistently has a positive effect on group performance. What is the reason for this? A) It helps the organization identify employee skills gaps. B) It helps groups members identify their individual strengths and weaknesses. C) It helps groups to alter the nature of the work according to the individual needs of team members. D) It stimulates discussion of ideas that help groups be more innovative

D

According to Kurt Lewin, increasing the driving forces is a means of ________. A) restraining B) changing C) refreezing D) unfreezing

D

According to the ________ argument on social responsibility, businesses should be socially responsible because responsible actions are the right thing to do. A) public image B) greater good C) better environment D) ethical obligation

D

An organization's ________ goals are official statements of what an organization says, and what it wants its stakeholders to believe its goals are. A) implicit B) real C) authentic D) stated

D

Aston Marton sells very expensive, stylish, high-quality cars to very wealthy people. They follow a ________ strategy. A) differentiation B) functional C) quality D) focus

D

Changes in eating habits are a ________ symptom of stress. A) financial B) psychological C) physical D) behavioral

D

Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization are known as ________. A) philanthropist B) entrepreneurs C) employee-volunteers D) whistle-blowers

D

First-line managers are typically those who ________. A) are at the top of the organizational chart B) are the first persons new hires meet C) perform the same work as the people they manage but earn more money D) are typically involved with producing the organization's products or providing its service

D

Goals are different from plans because ________. A) goals identify specific steps that the organization needs to achieve, and plans identify the overall mission of the organization B) goals are important only for small companies, and plans are important only for large companies C) goals describe financial objectives, and plans describe objectives related to social responsibility D) goals are desired outcomes, and plans describe how those outcomes will be accomplished

D

If Melody wanted to build a strong culture, which of these actions would help most? A) She should encourage employees to continue their education and establish a tuition assistance program. B) She should hold an annual retreat at which upper management develops a values statement. C) She should allow employees to pursue activities they believe will contribute to future company growth. D) She and other managers should often tell stories about the company "heroes" and encourage employees to emulate their behavior.

D

In the ________ metaphor, change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process. A) water over the dam B) calm waters C) smooth water D) white-water rapids

D

Jackie has noticed that everyone is very concerned about the line of authority within the hospital. This implies that the employees at the hospital are worried about the ________. A) departmentalization B) span of control C) unity of command D) chain of command

D

Management is needed in all types and sizes of organizations, at all organizational levels and in all organizational work areas, and in all organizations, no matter where they are located. This principle is known as the ________. A) impartiality of management B) reality of management C) neutrality of management D) universality of management

D

Norman is a stickler for following the rules because he is sure he will be caught and punished if he doesn't. What is Norman's level of moral development? A) principled B) post-conventional C) conventional D) preconventional

D

One characteristic of the matrix structure is that it ________. A) eliminates the chain of command B) is well suited for a mechanistic structure C) does away with work specialization D) violates the principle of unity of command

D

Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that the average age of the world population in increasing. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends? A) decreasing demands on social entitlement programs B) increasing global savings rates C) decreasing preference for white-collar occupations D) dwindling labor supply

D

Under what approach do organizations exhibit little environmental sensitivity, and simply obey laws, rules and regulations? A) stakeholder approach B) activist approach C) market approach D) legal approach

D

Which of the following examples would be considered appropriate stereotyping? A) assuming red-haired people have rather nasty tempers B) bracketing working mothers as not being committed fully to their jobs C) assuming women to be particularly bad drivers D) asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem

D

Which of the following is true of high-performance work practices? A) It is easier to implement in organizations with centralized structures. B) In spite of its many benefits, research indicates that there is no direct link between high-performance work practices and a firm's market value. C) It involves well-structured job responsibilities as opposed to flexible assignments. D) It encourages extensive employee involvement and greater employee control on decision making.

D

Which one of the following is true concerning the impact of organizational culture on ethical behavior? A) An organization with low conflict tolerance encourages ethical behavior. B) An organizational culture that is high in control encourages unethical behavior. C) An organizational culture that is high in conflict tolerance encourages unethical behavior. D) An organization with strong culture can encourage either ethical or unethical behavior

D

Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation? A) participation B) facilitation and support C) negotiation D) education and communication

D

________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology. A) Prejudice B) Reasoning C) Impartiality D) Bias

D

________ is the biological heritage (including physical characteristics such as one's skin color and associated traits) that people use to identify themselves. A) Ethnicity B) Nationality C) Culture D) Race

D

________ is the degree to which people believe they control their own fate. A) Social responsibility B) Social obligation C) Ego strength D) Locus of control

D

________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population. A) Ancestry B) Race C) Nationality D) Ethnicity

D