mastering questions, chapter 21

The apneustic centers promote inhalation by stimulating the A. dorsal respiratory group (DRG). B. pre-Bötzinger complex. C. pneumotaxic centers. D. ventral respiratory group (VRG). E. None of the answers is correct. The apneustic centers cannot promote inhalation.

A. dorsal respiratory group (DRG).

The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called A. emphysema. B. tuberculosis. C. bronchitis. D. asthma. E. pneumonia

A. emphysema.

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the A. epiglottis. B. cuneiform cartilage. C. corniculate cartilage. D. thyroid cartilage. E. cricoid cartilage.

A. epiglottis.

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the A. mucus escalator. B. conducting portion of the respiratory tract. C. respiratory defense system. D. lamina propria. E. respiratory mucosa

A. mucus escalator.

The ________ extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone. A. oropharynx B. trachea C. pharynx D. laryngopharynx E. epiglottis

A. oropharynx

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of A. simple squamous epithelium. B. surfactant cells. C. moist cuboidal epithelium. D. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. E. ciliated squamous epithelium.

A. simple squamous epithelium.

Air traveling from the tertiary bronchi must pass through the ________ to reach the pulmonary lobule. A. terminal bronchioles B. alveoli C. primary bronchi D. secondary bronchi E. trachea

A. terminal bronchioles

The conchae A. provide an opening into the pharynx. B. create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus. C. divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side. D. form part of the soft palate. E. provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.

B. create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa? A. trap particulate matter B. dehumidify the incoming air C. dehumidify the outgoing air D. humidify the incoming air E. cool outgoing air

B. dehumidify the incoming air

The term "hypercapnia" refers to A. an increase in pH. B. elevated PCO2. C. the cessation of breathing. D. labored breathing. E. elevated PO2.

B. elevated PCO2.

The pneumotaxic center of the pons A. suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla. B. modifies the rate and depth of breathing. C. sets the at-rest respiratory pattern. D. both prolongs inspiration and modifies the rate and depth of breathing. E. prolongs inspiration.

B. modifies the rate and depth of breathing.

What branches from the trachea? A. secondary bronchi B. primary bronchi C. alveolar ducts D. tertiary bronchi E. terminal bronchioles

B. primary bronchi

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the A. pharyngeal septum. B. soft palate. C. internal nares. D. cribriform plate. E. hard palate.

B. soft palate.

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the A. bronchioles B. trachea. C. alveolar duct. D. laryngopharynx. E. bronchus.

B. trachea.

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the A. alveoli. B. upper respiratory tract. C. lungs. D. lower respiratory tract. E. bronchioles.

B. upper respiratory tract.

Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center. A. baroreceptor B. pneumotaxic C. apneustic D. expiratory E. chemoreceptor

C. apneustic

Secondary bronchi supply air to the A. lungs. B. alveolar ducts. C. lobes of the lungs. D. lobules of the lungs.

C. lobes of the lungs.

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli all make up the A. internal respiratory tract. B.alveoli of the respiratory tract. C. lower respiratory tract. D. respiratory mucosa. E. upper respiratory tract

C. lower respiratory tract.

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to A. prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles. B. remove air from dead air space. C. maintain adequate alveolar ventilation. D. supply oxygen to the blood. E. remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

C. maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following except the A. cerebral cortex. B. limbic system. C. medulla oblongata. D. hypothalamus. E. None of the answers is correct.

C. medulla oblongata.

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces A. articulation. B. whistling. C. phonation. D. speech. E. ululation.

C. phonation.

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consists of A. surfactant cells. B. ciliated squamous epithelium. C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. D. simple squamous epithelium. E. moist cuboidal epithelium.

C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known? A. expiratory reserve volume B. minimal volume C. respiratory minute volume D. anatomic dead space E. inspiratory reserve volume

C. respiratory minute volume

Which of the following statements is true regarding activity in the alveoli? A. Alveolar capillaries constrict when oxygen levels are high. B. Type II pneumocytes are the site of gas exchange. C. Type I pneumocytes produce surfactant. D. Alveolar macrophages collect stray dust particles. E. None of the answers is true.

D. Alveolar macrophages collect stray dust particles.

________ equals the respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space). A. External respiration rate B. Vital capacity C. Pulmonary ventilation rate D. Alveolar ventilation rate E. Respiratory minute volume

D. Alveolar ventilation rate

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of Northern European descent. A. Parkinson's disease B. MRSA C. Myasthenia gravis D. Cystic fibrosis E. Congestive heart failure

D. Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false? A. It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system. B. It ends in the mediastinum. C. It is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages. D. It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages. E. It is also called the windpipe.

D. It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages.

Which of the following statements about bronchioles is false? A. Bronchiolar mucosa forms folds in the lumen, B. Pulmonary lobules branch from terminal bronchioles. C. Extreme bronchoconstriction occurs in asthma, D. Walls are made of cartilage. E. Sympathetic action causes bronchodilation.

D. Walls are made of cartilage.

Each terminal bronchiole supplies air directly to A. about 6500 bronchioles. B. a single alveolar duct. C. over 150 million alveoli. D. a single pulmonary lobule. E. several alveolar sacs.

D. a single pulmonary lobule.

Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous because A. heat loss is reduced on exhalation. B. water loss is reduced on exhalation. C. air is warmed on inhalation. D. air is humidified on inhalation. E. All of the answers are correct.

E. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is false about the pharynx? A. The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening. B. The nasopharynx is superior. C. Solids, liquids, and gases pass through. D. The oropharynx connects to oral cavity. E. It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.

E. It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.

A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will A. reduce the vital capacity by 10%. B. decrease the rate of breathing. C. decrease pulmonary ventilation. D. decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. E. double the rate of breathing

E. double the rate of breathing

The ________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures. A. root B. base C. cardiac notch D. apex E. hilum

E. hilum

In the lower respiratory tract, cartilage plates first appear at the A. bronchioles. B. terminal bronchioles. C. primary bronchi. D. tertiary bronchi. E. secondary bronchi.

E. secondary bronchi.

The glottis is A. a flap of elastic cartilage. B. the opening to the pharynx. C. part of the hard palate. D. the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate. E. the opening to the larynx.

E. the opening to the larynx.

The largest shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage. A. epiglottal B. arytenoid C. cricoid D. cuneiform E. thyroid

E. thyroid

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the A. vestibule. B. nasal septum. C. internal chamber. D. nasopharynx. E. conchae.

A. vestibule.

The ________ extends from the larynx to the mediastinum. A. pharynx B. cricoid cartilage C. upper respiratory system D. trachea E. primary bronchus

D. trachea

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the A. falciform ligaments. B. terminal bronchioles. C. bronchioles. D. alveoli. E. pleural spaces.

D. alveoli.

Alveolar ventilation refers to the A. movement of air into and out of the lungs. B. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. C. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. D. amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute. E. utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

D. amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute.

At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur? A. between type II pneumocytes and red blood cells B. in the alveolar ducts C. within the red blood cells D. at the respiratory membrane E. at the interconnections between adjacent alveoli

D. at the respiratory membrane

A mucosa consists of A.stratified squamous cells. B. an underlying layer of areolar tissue. C. an epithelium. D. both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue. E. both an underlying layer of areolar tissue and stratified squamous cells.

D. both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.

The respiratory center is housed in the ________ of the brain. A. cerebellum B. cerebrum C. diencephalon D. brain stem E. cerebral cortex

D. brain stem

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is A. bicarbonate ion. B. hemoglobin. C. sodium ion. D. carbon dioxide. E. oxygen.

D. carbon dioxide.

If you looked closely at a pulmonary lobule, you would see all of the following structures except A. a lymphatic vessel. B. alveolar ducts. C. some elastic fibers. D. cartilage plates. E. a branch of a pulmonary vein.

D. cartilage plates.

The lungs are divided into lobes by structures called A. notches. B. segments. C. grooves. D. fissures. E. sutures.

D. fissures.

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from A. uncontrollable laryngospasms. B. production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport. C. inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus. D. inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport E. All of the answers are correct.

D. inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because A. it dries out the mouth. B. bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity. C. it combines olfaction with respiration. D. it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air. E. there is less resistance to flow.

D. it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.

The vocal folds are located within the A. nasopharynx. B. bronchi. C. oropharynx. D. larynx. E. trachea.

D. larynx.

The auditory tubes open into the A. nasal cavity. B. laryngopharynx. C. oropharynx. D. nasopharynx. E. larynx.

D. nasopharynx.

Starting at the ________, the epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium. A. nasal cavity B. nasopharynx C. larynx D. oropharynx E. trachea

D. oropharynx

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system? A. alveoli B. larynx C. bronchi D. oropharynx E. bronchioles

D. oropharynx

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the A. trachea. B. larynx. C. glottis. D. pharynx. E. vestibule.

D. pharynx.

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. A. left secondary B. right secondary C. left primary D. right primary E. None of the answers are more likely.

D. right primary