MasteringBio: Ch. 5 Core Content

Part B Which of these is hydrophobic like the interior of the plasma membrane C D B C and D A

A

Cells use this molecule to store the chemical energy released by the breakdown of food molecules during cellular respiration. glucose CO2 O2 ATP

ATP

Activity: Energy Transformations Part A Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy? a rock on a mountain ledge an archer with a flexed bow a space station orbiting Earth the high-energy phosphate bonds of a molecule of ATP a person sitting on a couch while watching TV

a space station orbiting Earth

BioFlix Activity: Membrane Transport -- Active Transport Certain molecules cross the plasma membrane through the process of active transport. Active transport requires an input of energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient.

a) Side with a lower concentration of square molecules b) Transport protein c) Energy input from the cell d) Plasma Membrane e) Side with a higher concentration of square molecules

BioFlix Activity: Membrane Transport -- Facilitated Diffusion Certain molecules use facilitated diffusion to cross the plasma membrane.

a) plasma membrane b) side with higher concentration of molecules c) side with lower concentration of molecules d) facilitated diffusion causes a net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient e) transport protein

BioFlix Activity: Membrane Transport -- Diffusion Certain molecules use diffusion to cross the plasma membrane.

a)Side with higher concentration of molecules b) Plasma membrane c) Side with lower concentration of molecules d) Diffusion causes a net movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

Which are materials found in a molecule of ATP? an organic molecule called adenosine plus two phosphate groups an organic molecule called cytosine plus three phosphate groups amino acids in a precise sequence an organic molecule called adenosine plus three phosphate groups

an organic molecule called adenosine plus three phosphate groups

Part D In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP? redox potentiation anabolism cellular respiration digestion

cellular respiration

Part B "Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____. the entropy of the universe is always increasing no chemical reaction is 100 percent efficient energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another the net amount of disorder is always increasing if you conserve energy you will not be as tired

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

Activation energy can be described as __________. metabolism energy needed to activate the reactants and trigger a chemical reaction energy needed to activate an enzyme energy released by a chemical reaction

energy needed to activate the reactants and trigger a chemical reaction

Part F What is the correct label for "A"? ATP substrate energy energy of activation uphill enzyme energy

energy of activation

Part E Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration? ATP heat and water ATP and water glucose and water water

heat and water

Part B This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. hypertonic or isotonic isotonic hypertonic hypotonic hypotonic and isotonic

hypertonic

Part D You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because it _____. hypertonic ... gained water hypertonic ... lysed hypotonic ... lysed hypertonic solution ... lost water hypotonic ... is turgid

hypertonic solution ... lost water

Part C You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____ isotonic ... neither lost nor gained water hypotonic ... swelled hypotonic ... shrunk hypertonic ... gained water hypertonic ... lost water

hypotonic ... swelled

Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis Part A Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____. into ... membranous vesicles into ... facilitated diffusion out of ... diffusion into ... a transport protein out of ... membranous vesicles

into ... membranous vesicles

Part C An enzyme _____. is a inorganic catalyst can bind to nearly any molecule increases the the activation energy of a reaction is a source of energy for endergonic reactions is an organic catalyst

is an organic catalyst

Part E As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____. is unchanged permanently alters its shape. loses energy is used up loses a phosphate group

is unchanged

Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells Part A What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? osmosis pinocytosis passive transport diffusion phagocytosis

osmosis

Part C A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____. facilitated diffusion receptor-mediated endocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis

phagocytosis

Part C Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy. heat kinetic entropic motion potential

potential

Activity: How Enzymes Work Part A Most enzymes are _____. nucleic acids minerals proteins lipids carbohydrates

proteins

Part B Enzymes work by _____. decreasing the potential energy difference between reactant and product adding energy to a reaction reducing activation energy increasing the potential energy difference between reactant and product adding a phosphate group to a reactant

reducing activation energy

Part D What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction? reactors products substrate active sites

substrate

Which is the best definition of energy? the conversion of one form of chemical energy to another form of chemical energy ATP the conversion of light energy to chemical energy the capacity to cause change

the capacity to cause change

Part B You can recognize the process of pinocytosis when _____. the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid a receptor protein is involved the cell is engulfing a large particle

the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid

Activity: Selective Permeability of Membranes Part A Structure A in the figure is a(n) _____. structural protein transport protein enzyme receptor molecule antibody

transport protein