MasteringBio: Ch. 6 Core Content

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid? aerobic respiration aerobic metabolism glycolysis fermentation

fermentation

Part B What molecules belong in space A and B? carbon dioxide and water glucose and oxygen carbon dioxide and oxygen glucose and carbon dioxide oxygen and water

glucose and oxygen

Activity: Overview of Cellular Respiration Part A What process occurs in Box A? electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation electron transport glycolysis the citric acid cycle

glycolysis

Part C Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? electron transport chain citric acid cycle ATP production by ATP synthase glycolysis acetyl CoA formation

glycolysis

Part C The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. water oxygen FADH2 NADH CO2

oxygen

Activity: Build a Chemical Cycling System Part A What process occurs in structure H? protein synthesis photosynthesis ribosome synthesis cellular respiration intracellular digestion

photosynthesis

Part B In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. cellular respiration photophosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation photosynthesis oxidative phosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

Part D What molecules belong in spaces E and F? glucose, water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide and water glucose and oxygen oxygen and water

carbon dioxide and water

Part E In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. 4 1 5 2 3

2

In the absence of oxygen the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule during glycolysis is approximately __________. 2 ATPs 4 ATPs 38 ATPs nothing, because all the electrons are associated with lactic acid

2 ATPs

BioFlix Activity: Cellular Respiration -- The Stages Part A - Stages of cellular respiration

1. Glycolysis 2. Citric Acid Cycle 3. Electron Transport

Activity: Electron Transport Part A For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. 2 10 4 0 6

10

Activity: Glycolysis Part A How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? 5 4 3 2 1

2

Part D In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown? ADP Pyruvate NADPH FADH2 ATP

ATP

Part E Structure A is _____. sensory protein phospholipid ATP synthase an electron donor an electron acceptor

ATP synthase

Part B What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Part C Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? NADH + H+ water ATP FADH2 pyruvate

FADH2

A glucose molecule is completely broken down upon completion of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. What other energy carrier(s) that can be used to synthesize more ATPS is/are also generated during these processes? FAD and NAD+ heat NADH and FADH2 oxygen used in the electron transport chain

NADH and FADH2

Part D During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix NADH ... mitochondrial matrix NADH ... intermembrane space acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

Part F Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Part E Which statement describes glycolysis? This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Part G Which statement describes the electron transport chain? This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration

Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called _____ while those that do not require oxygen are considered _____. anaerobic ... aerobic fermenters ... aerobic producers ... consumers aerobic ... anaerobic

aerobic ... anaerobic

Glycolysis occurs in almost all organisms on Earth. From this we might conclude that __________. glycolysis is the most efficient energy-producing process in living cells glycolysis evolved because plants produce glucose glycolysis first evolved in the presence of oxygen glycolysis evolved very early in ancestors that are common to all the domains of life

glycolysis evolved very early in ancestors that are common to all the domains of life

BioFlix Quiz: Cellular Respiration Part A Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. glycolysis → citric acid cycle → acetyl CoA → electron transport chain citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis → acetyl CoA electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → acetyl CoA acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain → glycolysis glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

Part F The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. ATP NADH and FADH2 ATP synthase kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient substrate-level phosphorylation

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

Activity: Fermentation Part A In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____. carbon dioxide, ethanol, NAD+, and ATP carbon dioxide, ethanol, NADH, and ATP pyruvate lactate and NADH lactate and NAD+

lactate and NAD+

The main function of cellular respiration is __________. breaking down toxic molecules making food making ATP to power cell activities producing cell structures from chemical building blocks

making ATP to power cell activities

Part C What organelle is indicated by the letter C? mitochondrion lysosome peroxisome Golgi apparatus chloroplast

mitochondrion

Part D In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? nucleus mitochondrion lysosome chloroplast Golgi apparatus

mitochondrion

Part C What molecule is indicated by the letter D? ATP oxygen glucose pyruvate water

oxygen

Part B In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. substrate-level phosphorylation photophosphorylation cellular respiration oxidative phosphorylation photosynthesis

substrate-level phosphorylation

Part B What process occurs within Box B? the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation glycolysis electron transport

the citric acid cycle

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in eukaryotic cells? the plasma membrane the inner membrane of the mitochondria the smooth endoplasmic reticulum the rough endoplasmic reticulum

the inner membrane of the mitochondria

An important end product of cellular respiration is __________. hydrogen gas water glucose pyruvic acid

water