Math Chapter 1
additive identity
Zero, because adding 0 to a number does not change the number
algebraic expression
a mathematical expression with a variable, such as x or x-5
square
a number raised to the second power, or multiplied by itself
rational number
a number that ca be written as a fraction, or ratio, of two integers when the denominator is not zero
irrational number
a number that cannot be written as a fraction made up of twin integers or as a terminating or repeating decimal
coefficient
a number that multiplies a variable, like the 2 in 2h
cube root
a number that when cubed, or multiplied by itself three times, equals a given number
square root
a number that when squared equals a given number, denoted with the radical sign
additive inverse
a number's opposite, which is the negative of the number. When you add a number to its _____________ the result is 0
term
a product of a number and powers of variables in an expression or equation. For example, in the equation 2a(3)c, 5, and 2b
closed
a set of numbers is closed under a mathematical operation if, when that operation id performed on any two or more numbers in the set. For example, the set of whole numbers is _______ under addition, because adding any two whole numbers will always yield a whole number
power
an algebraic expression with a base and an exponent. For example, 7 to the power of 5, is a power
scientific notation
an efficient way to write very large and very small numbers, with a leading value (between 1 and 10) multiplied by a power of 10
formula
an equation that describes a relationship between two or more variables
for
divide
into
divide
per
divide
quotient
divide
factor
factors are the numbers or expressions that when multiplied together yield a given product
greatest possible error
for a given measurement the _________ __________ ________ is equal to 1/2 of the unit of measure. for example, if the measuring something to the nearest 1 inch, the __________ _________ ________ of measurement is 1/2 inch
at least
greater than of equal to
accuracy
how close a measurement is to the actual value
precision
how exact and reproducible a measurement can be
base
in an exponential expression, the base is the number raised to an exponent. in the experssion 7 to the power of 5, 7 is the _____
exponent
in an exponential expression, the exponent tells how many copies of the base are multiplied together. in the expression 7 to the power of 5, 5 is the exponent
at most
less than or equal to
product
multiply
constant
numerical value that does not change. For example, 5, 4.2, and (pie) are constants
grouping symbols
operations within ______________ ____________ must be one first order of operations. Some examples of ________________ ___________ are parentheses, brackets, and a fraction bar
associative property
property of the addition and multiplication operations that allows moving the parentheses so that different terms are grouped together, but does not affect the resulting sum or product, for example 5+(7+2) = (5+ 7)+2 or 5 x (7 x 2) = (5 x 7) x 2
zero product property
property that states that if the product of two real numbers is zero, at least one of the numbers must be zero
difference
subtract
diminished
subtract
properties of arithmetic operations
the commutative property of multiplication and the associative property of _________________ ____________
radicand
the expression under a radical sign
multiplicative inverse
the multiplicative inverse of a number, also called the "reciprocal" is 1 divided by the number
significant digits
the number of reliably known digits in a number
order of operations
the order in which mathematical operations must be performed in an algebraic expression. For example, multiplication is done before addition
commutative property
the order of terms does not affect the sum or product. For example, 3+5= 5+3 and 3 x 5= 5 x 3
principal square root
the positive square root of a number
distributive property
the product of a factor and a sum (or difference) of terms (in parentheses) equals the sum (or corresponding differences) of the individual products of the factor with each term, For example, 3 x (2+5)= 3 x 2 + 3 x 5
reciprocal property
the property that btw product of any number and its multiplicative inverse, or reciprocal, is 1
interval of measure
the range of values describe by a given measurement result, plus and minus the greatest possible error of measurement
radical sign
the sign that designates a root, or radical.
perfect square
the square of a rational number or polynomial
evaluate
to replace the variable, or variables, in an algebraic expression with a number, or numbers, and perform the indicated mathematical operations
algebraic equation
two algebraic expressions joined by an equality sign
algebraic inequality
two algebraic expressions joined by any one of the _______ signs <,>,_<, _>
index
when taking the "n"th root of a given number, b, n is called the ________
increase by
add
more than
add
plus
add
sum
add
